Showing papers by "Annamalai University published in 1998"
TL;DR: The study shows that Jamun seed extract (JSEt) has hypoglycaemic action and the decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) clearly show the antioxidant property of the JSEt.
250 citations
TL;DR: Evaluated the level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant components in blood of sportsmen under resting conditions and compared the data obtained with those in age‐ and sex‐matched sedentary controls to demonstrate the critical role played by glutathione.
Abstract: Strenuous physical activity is known to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated with depletion of antioxidant defence In the present work we evaluated the level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant components in blood of sportsmen under resting conditions and compared the data obtained with those in age- and sex-matched sedentary controls A significant increase was noted in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes while a decrease was observed in ascorbic acid and glutathione levels in sportsmen alpha-Tocopherol was unaltered in plasma of sportsmen as compared to controls The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased (52 per cent) and glutathione peroxidase was decreased (43 per cent) in the erythrocytes of sportsmen compared to controls Basal glutathione levels were negatively correlated with conjugated dienes and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects Dietary supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has been shown to be beneficial in combating oxidative stress without enhancing performance while exogenous glutathione was found to influence the endurance capacity of athletes Such studies demonstrate the critical role played by glutathione and suggest that intervention trials should include a mixture of antioxidants rather than a single antioxidant
144 citations
TL;DR: Administration of the extract of T. cordifolia roots for 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in serum and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids in alloxan diabetic rats and Insulin restored all the parameters to near normal values.
125 citations
TL;DR: In the presence of a known colon carcinogen, 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH), the activity of β-glucuronidase was found to be significantly increased in the distal colon, distal intestine, liver and colon contents.
73 citations
TL;DR: The antioxidant activity of an aqueous extract of the seeds of Syzigium cumini, an indigenous plant present in different parts of India, South-East Asia and Eastern Africa, toward experimental diabetes was evaluated and insulin restored all the parameters to their normal values.
Abstract: We undertook the present study to evaluate the antioxidant activity of an aqueous extract of the seeds of Syzigium cumini, an indigenous plant present in different parts of India, South-East Asia and Eastern Africa, toward experimental diabetes. Administration of the extract for 6 weeks resulted in significant reductions in plasma lipid peroxide, ceruloplasmin and α-tocopherol and a significant elevation in plasma reduced glutathione and vitamin C in alloxan diabetic rats. Insulin restored all the parameters to their normal values. The seed extract was also more effective than glibenclamide in restoring the values of these parameters.
49 citations
TL;DR: The plant growth, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and dry matter production of Ceriops roxburghiana Arn were significantly increased with increasing salinity from 0 to 400 mM NaCl, and absence of diurnal fluctuation of concentrations of organic acids and low activity of phosphoenolpyruvate and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase confirmed the operation of C3 pathway.
Abstract: The plant growth, net photosynthetic rate (PN), intercellular CO2 concentration (ci), and dry matter production of Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. were significantly increased with increasing salinity from 0 to 400 mM NaCl. At 600 mM NaCl, shoot and root lengths, and dry mass were significantly depressed with respect to control. Absence of diurnal fluctuation of concentrations of organic acids, and the low activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and high activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase confirmed the operation of C3 pathway in Ceriops even at increasing salinity.
49 citations
TL;DR: Treatment of curcumin to the fibrotic rats showed a significant improvement after hepatic damage as well as restoration of lipid profile, marker enzymes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances towards normal.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different concentration of NaCl on the contents of proteins, free amino acids, proline and glycine betaine in leaves, stems and roots of Ipomoea pes-caprae was investigated.
Abstract: The present study pertains to the effect of different concentration of NaCl on the contents of proteins, free amino acids, proline and glycine betaine in leaves, stems and roots of Ipomoea pes-caprae. The protein content of the tissues increased in response to salinity upto 200 mM NaCl; the free amino acids content showed a reversal trend. The proline and glycine betaine contents increased with increasing salinity upto 500 mM NaCl. The accumulation of proline and glycine betaine might play a role in the alleviation of salt stress.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Thioureide vC-N bands for Cd(nmedtc) and Hg(padtc)2 have been shown to appear at relatively low energy due to the large sizes of the cadmium and mercury ions in comparison with zinc.
Abstract: M(nmedtc)2 and M(padtc)2 (where nmedtc− = N-methyl-N-ethanol-dithiocarbamate anion; padtc = N,N1 -(iminodiethylene)bisphthalimidedithiocarbamate anion; M = Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II)) complexes were synthesized and characterized. Zinc and cadmium complexes are tetra-hedral. Splitting of the vC-S band in Cd(nmedtc)2 indicates anisobidentate coordination of the ligand. The mercury analogue is polymeric. Thioureide vC-N bands for Cd(nmedtc)2 and Hg(padtc)2 appear at relatively low energy due to the large sizes of the cadmium and mercury ions in comparison with zinc. Thermal studies have been carried out. Unit cell constants of Zn(deadtc)2 are a = 29.017(2)A, b = 8.611(4)A, c= 14.045(2) A, β= 103.2(1)°, space group C2/c. The coordination polyhedron is a distorted trigonal bipyramid. Thioureide C-N is 1.489(5) A, which is significantly longer than observed in the corresponding diethyl analogue (1.325(9) A). Zn-Zn' is 3.485(3) A compared to 3.546(3) A observed in the diethyl analogue.
33 citations
TL;DR: Delays observed in these experiments would support the hypothesis that lithium's therapeutic effect is to delay overtly fast circadian rhythms, and advances of peak times owing to lithium treatment are discussed.
Abstract: We studied the effects of chronic lithium treatment on circadian rhythms of glucose, cholesterol, calcium, potassium, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactic acid in Wistar rats. Lithium altered the peak time, range, and 24h mean of these biochemical rhythms. Peak times of the circadian rhythms of glucose, calcium, and potassium were delayed by 3h, 6h, and 6h, respectively, whereas circadian rhythms of MDA and lactic acid were advanced by 9h and 3h, respectively, in lithium-treated rats. Delays observed in our experiments would support the hypothesis that lithium's therapeutic effect is to delay overtly fast circadian rhythms. Advances of peak times owing to lithium treatment are discussed.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Butyltin compounds (BTs) and organochlorine residues (OCs) were determined in green mussel (Perna viridis L.) collected along the coastal waters of India in 1994 and 1995 to elucidate their contamination levels and distribution.
Abstract: Butyltin compounds (BTs) and organochlorine residues (OCs) were determined in green mussel (Perna viridis L.) collected along the coastal waters of India in 1994 and 1995 to elucidate their contamination levels and distribution. BTs were detected in all of the mussel samples, ranging from 2 to 378 ng/g wet wt, which indicated that BTs are widely distributed, with elevated concentrations in intense boating areas. BTs concentrations in green mussels were lower than those reported for developed nations as well as developing countries such as Thailand. Concentrations of OCs were much lower than those of BTs. Among OCs examined, DDTs were found to be greatest, followed by HCHs, PCBs, CHLs and HCB. Considering the fact that the usage of tributyltin (TBT), DDTs and HCHs are not controlled in India, their contamination in the aquatic environment may increase unless regulatory measures are imposed. To our knowledge, this is a first report on the detection of BTs in Indian mussels.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the high dose of UV-B enhanced the lipid peroxidation by 48 %, whereas the low dose did not show any significant effect.
Abstract: Seedlings of Rhizophora apiculata were exposed to UV-B radiation at four doses equivalent to 10, 20, 30, and 40 % ozone depletion. The seedlings irradiated with high doses of UV-B had characteristic decline in contents of specific proteins with molecular masses of 33, 23, and 17 kDa. On the contrary, proteins of 55, 33, 25, 23, and 17 kDa were accumulated in the seedlings exposed to low doses of UV-B. The UV-B, in general, enhanced formation of saturated fatty acids and reduced unsaturated fatty acids, to a maximum extent of 88 and 26 %, respectively. The low dose of UV-B increased content of oleic acid by 9 %, and the high dose reduced it by 34 %. The high dose of UV-B enhanced the lipid peroxidation by 48 %, whereas the low dose of UV-B did not show any significant effect. The contents of amino acids such as aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, serine, glutamine, threonine, and histidine were increased in low UV-B doses by 53, 86, 142, 72, 3, 119, and 32 %, respectively; while in high doses they were reduced significantly.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is indicated that training induces adaptation in the glutathione system and blood lipid peroxides were unaltered as a result of training compared to sedentary controls.
Abstract: The effect of training on lipid peroxidation, thiol-status and certain antioxidant enzymes of glutathione system was studied in blood and tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle of rats. Exercise training was given by subjecting the rats to treadmill running. Training for a period of 6 weeks resulted in increased lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) as indicated by thiobarbituric acid test and conjugated diene measurement in liver and muscle. Thiol levels (total and non-protein) were reduced. However, glutathione level in blood was increased and blood lipid peroxides were unaltered as a result of training compared to sedentary controls. Adaptive increases in three antioxidant enzyme activities were observed. The study indicates that training induces adaptation in the glutathione system.
TL;DR: Sixty six cases of childhood leprosy were studied in detail and out of 42 patients adequately followed up after completion of treatment, 3 patients had relapse of the disease.
Abstract: Sixty six cases of childhood leprosy were studied in detail. They comprised of 7.2% of the Hansen's disease cases and 0.1/1000 of the total hospital out patients. Male: female ratio was 2:1. Four cases (6%) only belonged to the multibacillary group. All the multibacillary patients had a family contact of leprosy. Twelve cases (18.2%) showed nerve involvement and 2 cases (3%) had deformities also. One patient had pure neuritic type of leprosy. Leprosy reactions were not observed in any case. Out of 42 patients adequately followed up after completion of treatment, 3 patients (7.1%) had relapse of the disease.
TL;DR: In this article, the physicico-chemical properties of the sediment samples obtained from marine deposits of east and west metropolitan coastal cities of India are discussed, and the test results obtained are compared with the synthetic samples such as bentonite and kaolinite.
TL;DR: It is revealed that carrot could afford a significant protective effect against lindane‐induced hepatotoxicity and restored the depressed antioxidants and HDL‐cholesterol levels to near normal.
Abstract: Daucus carota commonly known as carrot, is widely used in European folk medicine for the treatment of jaundice and hepatic disorders. Oral administration of carrot extract (25 mL/kg/day) for 30 days produced significant hepatoprotection against lindane (20 mg/kg/day) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The increased levels of serum enzymes namely aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol in lindane administered rats were observed to be decreased significantly in the lindane + carrot extract group. The carrot extract also restored the depressed antioxidants and HDL-cholesterol levels to near normal. The results of this study reveal that carrot could afford a significant protective effect against lindane-induced hepatotoxicity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: The results of this study revealed that Livex could afford significant protection against erythromycin estolate induced lipid peroxidation and produced enhancement of cellular antioxidant defence, revealing that the antioxidative action of Livex is responsible for its protective activity.
Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the antiperoxidative effect of Livex, a compound herbal formulation, against erythromycin estolate induced lipid peroxidation. The oral administration of Livex to rats along with erythromycin estolate caused a significant reversal in lipid peroxidation, enzymatic leakage and produced enhancement of cellular antioxidant defence, revealing that the antioxidative action of Livex is responsible for its protective activity. These observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections. The results of this study revealed that Livex could afford significant protection against erythromycin estolate induced lipid peroxidation.
TL;DR: The effect of curcumin on ethanol induced liver toxicity was evaluated in this article, where the increased levels of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase induced by ethanol were significantly lowered.
Abstract: The effect of curcumin on ethanol induced liver toxicity was evaluated. The increased levels of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase induced by ethanol were significantly lowered by curcumin. Elevated serum cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids were observed in ethanol fed rats, but on curcumin treatment they decreased. We have also observed a marked decrease in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in serum of alcoholic rats fed curcumin. Thus this study shows that curcumin offers protection against ethanol induced toxicity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: The relationship between the bieulerian orientation of a 4-regular graph G and the existence of a pair of edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles in G⊗K2 is established and a characterization for a 4 -regular graph to have a biehlerian orientation is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the molybdenum and tungsten(VI) catalyzed oxidations of N,N-dimethylaniline in aqueous acetic acid are first order in the catalysts and second order in amine.
Abstract: Perborate in solution affords hydrogen peroxide and the molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) catalyzed oxidations of N,N-dimethylaniline in aqueous acetic acid are first order in the catalysts and second order in the amine The molybdenum(VI) catalyzed oxidation exhibits Michaelis-Menten type kinetics with respect to the oxidant whereas the tungsten(VI) catalyzed is via two paths, one is first order in the oxidant and the other is independent of [oxidant] The kinetic results point to (N,N-dimethylaniline)oxodiperoxomolybdenum(VI) and (N,N-dimethyhiline)-oxodiperoxotungsten(VI) and (N,N-dimethylaniline)dioxoperoxotungsten(VI) as oxidizing species
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the case of hot water extract, the three plant materials and buffalo urine were heated over a waterbath at 80°C for 10 minutes and the heated buffalo urine was tested as such without filtering.
Abstract: Plant extracts were prepared following the method of Gerard Ezhilan et al. (4). Freshly collected buffalo urine was used as such forming the standard extract (100 per cent). In the case of hot water extract, the three plant materials and buffalo urine were heated over a waterbath at 80°C for 10 minutes. After heating, the plant materials were blended with a pestle and morter and strained through cheese cloth; the heated buffalo urine was tested as such without filtering.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The study indicated that seed soaking in a combination of organic, inorganic nutrient and biofertilizers is a good pre-sowing technique for rice.
Abstract: Studies were conducted over two years to evaluate the effect of seed soaking with biodigested slurry, zinc sulphate, Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and phyto-hormone in rice. The result of pot culture study showed that seed soaking in a combination of biodigested slurry, Azospirillum, phosphobacteria, zinc sulphate and phyto-hormone improved seedling characteristics such as plumule length, radicle length, biomass and seedling vigour. The N uptake increased by 11.8% at seedling stage (30th day). Soaking of seeds in a combination of nutrients enhanced the growth and yield attributes. Seed soaking in this combination of nutrients increased the grain yield by 8.8 % over unsoaked seeds. Uptake of N, P and K also enhanced by various soaking treatments. Uptake of zinc was not influenced by soaking treatments. The study indicated that seed soaking in a combination of organic, inorganic nutrient and biofertilizers is a good pre-sowing technique for rice.
[...]
TL;DR: Relations between k -EP and EP matrices are discussed and necessary and sufficient conditions are determined for a matrix to be k - EP r.
TL;DR: In this paper, synthesis, spectral, and single crystal X-ray structural studies on (2,2′-bipyridyl)bis (dimethyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II) (1) and (l,10-phenanthroline)bis(dimethyldehydrous)cbramato (dibidyl)-zinc (II)(2) complexes are reported.
Abstract: Synthesis, spectral, and single crystal X-ray structural studies on (2,2′-bipyridyl)bis (dimethyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II) (1) and (l,10-phenanthroline)bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II) (2) complexes are reported in this paper. The complex (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic lattice, space group Pcca, a = 18.456(3), b = 6.529(2), and c = 17.092(2) A. The complex (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a = 13.372(2), b = 13.850(2), c = 24.680(3) A, and β = 102.71(4)°. IR spectra of the complexes (1) and (2) show the thioureide υ(C-N) bands at 1489 and 1510 cm−1, respectively, which are lower than the value observed for the parent bisdithiocarbamate. Reduction in the thioureide stretching frequency is due to the increase in coordination around the zinc ion and the resultant increase in electron density. Thermal studies indicate that the 1,10-phenanthroline adduct is marginally more stable than the other complex. X-ray crystal structures of the two adducts show them to be octahedrally coordinated and monomeric in nature. The Zn-S distances are longer than those observed in the parent bisdithiocarbamate. The thioureide C-N bond distances in (1) and in (2) indicate the partial double bond character. The most important structural changes as a result of the adduct formation are observed in the Zn-S bond distances and S-Zn-S bond angles, in terms of very significant increases in Zn-S bond distances and reductions in S-Zn-S angles, compared to the parent bisdithiocarbamate. The observed changes are indicative of a strong steric force in operation in the adducts rather than electronic effects.
TL;DR: This work characterize the extremal graphs G for which A ( G ) B ( G c ) is minimum, where A and B are each of chromatic number, achromatic number and pseudoachromatic number.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Since GABA is being involved in conveying dark information to the clock, exogenous administration of P-GABA might reduce the photic information received by the clock.
Abstract: N-pathaloyl gamma-aminobutyric acid (P-GABA) was administered to Wistar and 24 hr rhythms of acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied under light-dark conditions. P-GABA administration advanced the peak times of phosphatases. Since GABA is being involved in conveying dark information to the clock, exogenous administration of P-GABA might reduce the photic information received by the clock. The results could be explained by slight daily advances which would bring the peak times to the points 21 days after the start of administration.
TL;DR: Results of this and the previous investigation on pharmacokinetics and protein binding indicate that erythromycin fumarate has high potential for possible clinical application and further investigation may be undertaken.
Abstract: Erythromycin fumarate, a new water-soluble derivative of erythromycin, was prepared and its physicochemical and biological properties were evaluated. The derivative also has considerable solubility in organic solvents. Its partition coefficient data in different organic solvent-water systems may indicate that it is well-distributed in various tissues in vivo. Antimicrobial potency in vitro of the derivative, 725 μg/mg, is much higher than that of the existing derivatives and its antimicrobial spectrum is comparable to that of the parent antibiotic. The LD50 value of the new derivative in mice intraperitoneally is 402.7 mg/kg. Results of this and the previous investigation on pharmacokinetics and protein binding indicate that erythromycin fumarate has high potential for possible clinical application and further investigation may be undertaken.