Showing papers by "Applied Science Private University published in 2019"

Speech Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Over the past decades, a tremendous amount of research has been done on the use of machine learning for speech processing applications, especially speech recognition. However, in the past few years, research has focused on utilizing deep learning for speech-related applications. This new area of machine learning has yielded far better results when compared to others in a variety of applications including speech, and thus became a very attractive area of research. This paper provides a thorough examination of the different studies that have been conducted since 2006, when deep learning first arose as a new area of machine learning, for speech applications. A thorough statistical analysis is provided in this review which was conducted by extracting specific information from 174 papers published between the years 2006 and 2018. The results provided in this paper shed light on the trends of research in this area as well as bring focus to new research topics.

Survey on Collaborative Smart Drones and Internet of Things for Improving Smartness of Smart Cities

Abstract: Smart cities contain intelligent things which can intelligently automatically and collaboratively enhance life quality, save people's lives, and act a sustainable resource ecosystem. To achieve these advanced collaborative technologies such as drones, robotics, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things (IoT) are required to increase the smartness of smart cities by improving the connectivity, energy efficiency, and quality of services (QoS). Therefore, collaborative drones and IoT play a vital role in supporting a lot of smart-city applications such as those involved in communication, transportation, agriculture,safety and security, disaster mitigation, environmental protection, service delivery, energy saving, e-waste reduction, weather monitoring, healthcare, etc. This paper presents a survey of the potential techniques and applications of collaborative drones and IoT which have recently been proposed in order to increase the smartness of smart cities. It provides a comprehensive overview highlighting the recent and ongoing research on collaborative drone and IoT in improving the real-time application of smart cities. This survey is different from previous ones in term of breadth, scope, and focus. In particular, we focus on the new concept of collaborative drones and IoT for improving smart-city applications. This survey attempts to show how collaborative drones and IoT improve the smartness of smart cities based on data collection, privacy and security, public safety, disaster management, energy consumption and quality of life in smart cities. It mainly focuses on the measurement of the smartness of smart cities, i.e., environmental aspects, life quality, public safety, and disaster management.

A new general fractional-order derivataive with Rabotnov fractional-exponential kernel applied to model the anomalous heat transfer

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a general fractional-order derivataive of the Liouville-Caputo type with the non-singular kernel of the Rabotnov fractional-exponential function for the first time. A new general fractional-order derivataive heat transfer model is discussed in detail. The general fractional-order derivataive formula is a new mathematical tool proposed to model the anomalous behaviors in complex and power-law phenomena.

A comparative study between a virtual reality heart anatomy system and traditional medical teaching modalities

Abstract: The aim of using virtual reality (VR) as a medical training tool is to offer additional means to teach students and to improve the quality of medical skills. A novel system was developed to fulfil the requirements of modern medical education and overcome the challenges faced by both students and lecturers in the process of knowledge transfer. A heart three-dimensional model presented in a virtual reality (VR) environment has been implemented in order to facilitate a new educational modality. This paper reports the outcome of a comparative study between traditional medical teaching modalities and virtual reality technology. This study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Jordan. The participants were asked to perform system trials and experiment with the system by navigating through the system interfaces, as well as being exposed to the traditional physical model of the human heart that is currently used in the faculty during practical anatomy sessions. Afterwards, they were asked to provide feedback via a comparative questionnaire. The participants’ replies to the questions regarding the Physical Heart Model and VR heart anatomy system were assessed for reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. The first group’s (Physical Heart Model questions) α value was 0.689. The second group’s (VR heart anatomy system questions) α value was 0.791. Comparing students’ experience results between the traditional method (Physical Heart Model) and the VR heart anatomy system, the mean scores showed a distinct increase in the values. This indicates that the developed system enhanced their experience in anatomy learning and the provided tools improved their understanding of heart anatomy. Results demonstrated the usefulness of the system by showing a higher satisfaction rate for the provided tools regarding structure and visualisation.

Greening internet of things for greener and smarter cities: a survey and future prospects

Abstract: Tremendous technological developments in the field of internet of things (IoT) have changed the way we live and work. Although the numerous advantages of IoT are enriching our society, it should be reminded that the IoT also contributes to toxic pollution, consumes energy and generates e-waste. These persistent issues place new stress on the smart world and environments. To enhance the benefits and reduce the harmful effects of IoT, there is an increasingly desired to move towards green IoT. Green IoT is seen as the environmentally friendly future of IoT. Therefore, it is necessary to put different desired measures to conserve environmental resources, reduce carbon footprints and promote efficient techniques for energy usage. It is the reason for moving towards green IoT, where the machines, sensors, communications, clouds, and internet operate in synergy towards the common goal of increased energy efficiency and reduced carbon emissions. This work presents a thorough survey of the current ongoing research and potential technologies of green IoT with an intention to provide some directions for future green IoT research.

Efficient arsenic(V) removal from contaminated water using natural clay and clay composite adsorbents

Abstract: The natural clay is an abundant, accessible, and low-cost material that has the potential for use in the water and wastewater industry. In this paper, Iranian natural clay and clay/Fe-Mn composite were used to remove toxic arsenic from the liquid environment. The natural clay and clay/Fe-Mn composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The effects of parameters (initial pH, temperature, sorption dose, and contact time) on the efficiency and behavior of the arsenic(V) adsorption process were studied. Freundlich (R2 = 0.945 and 0.989), Langmuir (R2 = 0.922 and 0.931), modified Langmuir (R2 = 0.921 and 0.929), and Dubinin-Radushkevich (R2 = 0.706 and 0.723) models were fitted to evaluate the equilibrium data of arsenic(V) adsorption process by natural clay and clay/Fe-Mn composite, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of arsenic(V) by the natural clay and clay/Fe-Mn composite was determined to be 86.86 mg/g and 120.70 mg/g, respectively. The arsenic(V) adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. Negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° showed that the arsenic(V) sorption by the studied materials is thermodynamically spontaneous and exothermic. According to the findings, the natural clay and clay/Fe-Mn are suitable and recyclable sorbents for arsenic(V) adsorption from aqueous solutions. Also, the composite of clay with iron and manganese can improve the efficiency of clay in the removal of arsenic.

Dispersion due to combined pressure-driven and electro-osmotic flows in a channel surrounded by a permeable porous medium

Abstract: The combined electro-osmotic and pressure-driven flows (PDFs) have pronounced impacts on the solute transport in permeable porous media, particularly mixing and separation processes. However, the relationship between the physical properties of the permeable porous media and the combined electro-osmotic and PDFs still needs further investigation. This study focuses on the transport of a neutral nonreacting solute in a channel with permeable porous walls under the combined effects of electro-osmotic and PDFs. With the aid of perturbation theory and asymptotic analysis, the equivalent one-dimensional equations governing the solute concentrations in the channel and permeable porous medium under the combined velocity are derived. Based on this, an exact analytical expression relating the dispersion coefficient with the physical properties of the permeable porous medium and the combined flow is obtained. The model parameters exerting the most influence on the results are identified through sensitivity analysis. The proposed model is compared and validated with several previously developed models in the literature. The findings of this study can pave the way for the quantitatively design of solute transport through microporous coatings and porous microfluidic membranes.

An Exploration about the Interaction of Mild Steelwith Hydrochloric Acid in the Presence of N ‑(Benzo[ d ]thiazole-2-yl)-1-phenylethan-1-imines

Abstract: Cost effective inhibition of mild steel corrosion employing eco-friendly materials is a high priority subject for industries these days. Therefore, in this work, a series of N-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-y...

Survey on artificial intelligence based techniques for emerging robotic communication

Abstract: This paper reviews the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the application area of robot communication. The research of the control and operation of multiple robots collaboratively toward a common goal is fast growing. Communication among members of a robot team and even including humans is becoming essential in many real-world applications. The survey focuses on the AI techniques for robot communication to enhance the communication capability of the multi-robot team, making more complex activities, taking an appreciated decision, taking coordinated action, and performing their tasks efficiently. We present a comprehensive review of the intelligent solutions for robot communication which have been proposed in the literature in recent years. This survey contributes to a better understanding of the AI techniques for enhancing robot communication and sheds new lights on future research direction in the subject area.

Properties of CO2 Foam Stabilized by Hydrophilic Nanoparticles and Nonionic Surfactants

Abstract: Nanoparticles can improve the stability of CO2 foam and increase oil recovery during CO2 flooding in reservoirs. However, there are few reports in the literature concerning the synergistic effects ...

Transient production decline behavior analysis for a multi-fractured horizontal well with discrete fracture networks in shale gas reservoirs

Abstract: TRANSIENT PRODUCTION DECLINE BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS FOR A MULTI-FRACTURED HORIZONTAL WELL WITH DISCRETE FRACTURE NETWORKS IN SHALE GAS RESERVOIRS Mingqiang Wei,1,∗ Yonggang Duan,1 Mingzhe Dong,2 Quantang Fang,1 & Morteza Dejam3 1State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China 2Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada 3Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071-2000, USA

Detection of cancer cells based on glycolytic-regulated surface electrical charges

Abstract: Over the past decades, cell surface charge, although experimentally observed, has not been well understood particularly from the viewpoint of biophysics. Our recent studies have shown that all cancer cells exhibit negative surface charges that are directly proportional to the secreted lactic acid, a unique cancer metabolic characteristic: high rate of glycolysis. We have therefore designed and developed a set of electrically-charged, fluorescent, and super-paramagnetic nanoprobes, capable of sensitive detection of cancer cells based on the surface charges. These probes are utilized to bind onto cells via electrostatic reaction for capture and magnetic separation. In this fashion, we are able to characterize cell surface charges that are regulated by different metabolic patterns, therefore effectively distinguishing the cancer cells from the normal cells. All 22 cancer cells of different organs are found to be negatively-charged therefore bound strongly by the positively-charged nanoprobes, whereas the normal cells show insignificant binding to the nanoprobes of either charge signs (positive or negative). This finding suggests that all tested cancer cells are negatively-charged and normal cells are either charge-neutral or slightly positive. For diagnosis, cancer cells can be detected, electrostatically bound, and magnetically separated in blood by charged and super-paramagnetic nanoprobes. In therapeutics, circulating cancer cells (CTCs) can be filtered and removed in a continuous fashion to reduce the risk of cancer metastasis. If successful, this new nanotechnology will revolutionize early cancer diagnosis and potentially enable new therapeutics in clinical settings.

Physicochemical Behavior of Penaeuse semisulcatuse Chitin for Pb and Cd Removal from Aqueous Environment

Abstract: A beta type-chitin was produced from the shell of Penaeuse semisulcatuse shrimp for removal of lead and cadmium from the aqueous environment. Full physicochemical properties of the chitin (FTIR, SEM, mapping, XRD, EDX, AFM, and TGA-DTG) were obtained. Effects of solution pH, chitin dose, metals concentration, and contact time on the lead and cadmium adsorption were assessed. The solution pH had a great influence on the metal removal. Pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models were used to evaluate the kinetic behavior of metals adsorption by P. semisulcatuse chitin. Freundlich isotherm model was slightly better than the Langmuir model to describe the adsorption data. The RL value (obtained from the Langmuir model) for the adsorption of lead and cadmium was calculated to be 0.027 and 0.133, respectively, which showed the metals adsorption process by the chitin is desirable. The maximum adsorption capacity of lead and cadmium by P. semisulcatuse chitin was determined 13.14 mg/g and 19.15 mg/g, respectively. To desorb the adsorbed-metal from the chitin, the 1M HNO3 solution was applied and the heavy metals desorption was suitable (90%). The half life (t1/2) factor in the adsorption of Pb and Cd onto chitin was calculated 2.817 min and 3.876 min, respectively.