Showing papers by "BI Norwegian Business School published in 2016"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extend the meta-analysis of Geys (2006) by adding 102 studies published between 2002 and 2015 to the initial sample of 83 studies, and exploit the larger sample to separately analyse the determinants of voter turnout in national versus subnational elections.
272 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive and systematic review of 1046 academic articles was conducted to identify four unique service innovation categorizations emphasizing the following traits: degree of change, type change, newness, and means of provision.
264 citations
TL;DR: A scale of sharing motives is developed, showing that the reasons for participating in online sharing platforms are more nuanced than previously thought, and it is shown that sharing attitudes are driven by moral, social-hedonic and monetary motivations.
231 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the effectiveness of the flipped classroom relative to the traditional lecture-based classroom and found that flipped classrooms can lead to an increased academic performance, if properly implemented with cooperative learning.
Abstract: This article describes a study which compares the effectiveness of the flipped classroom relative to the traditional lecture-based classroom. We investigated two implementations of the flipped classroom. The first implementation did not actively encourage cooperative learning, with students progressing through the course at their own pace. With this implementation, student examination scores did not differ between the lecture classes and the flipped classroom. The second implementation was organised with cooperative learning activities. In a randomised control-group pretest-posttest experiment, student scores on a post-test and on the final examination were significantly higher for the flipped classroom group than for the control group receiving traditional lectures. This demonstrates that the classroom flip, if properly implemented with cooperative learning, can lead to increased academic performance.
197 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of sociocultural interfirm linkages, HR flexibility, and organizational cultural differences in M&As are further elucidated, and it is argued that HR flexibility (flexibility in employee skills, flexibility in employee behavior, and flexibility in HR practices) is vital for the development of the above-mentioned soci-ocultural links.
180 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established a new measure (Specificity) to quantify the level of specificity of firms' qualitative risk-factor disclosures, and found that firms with high proprietary costs provide less specific risk factor disclosures.
Abstract: Practitioners have long criticized risk-factor disclosures in the 10-K as generic and boilerplate. In response, regulators emphasize the importance of being specific. By using a computing algorithm, this paper establishes a new measure (Specificity) to quantify the level of specificity of firms’ qualitative risk-factor disclosures. We first examine determinants of variations in Specificity, and document that firms with high proprietary costs provide less specific risk-factor disclosures. More importantly, we find that, controlling for numerous determinants, the market reaction to the 10-K filing is positively and significantly associated with Specificity. In addition, our results suggest that analysts are better able to assess fundamental risk when firms’ risk-factor disclosures are more specific. Together, these findings suggest that more specific risk-factor disclosures benefit users of financial statements.
177 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at the relationship between project governance and project success from an agency theory and stewardship theory perspective, and find that project success correlates with increasing stakeholder orientation of the parent organization, while the types of control mechanisms do not correlate with project success.
166 citations
TL;DR: This invited paper explores a DDM rollout scenario and qualitatively assesses potential supply chain reconfigurations and recognizes that existing manufacturers with heterogeneous bills-of-material may develop DDM capabilities to isolate disruptive, low-volume production from scalable mass production.
Abstract: Purpose – Direct digital manufacturing (DDM) is conceived of as either disrupting the entire manufacturing economy or merely enabling novel production. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative where DDM coexists with and complements traditional mass production. When multiple parts run across one manufacturing line, DDM can isolate variability associated with low volume part production and may be preferred to mass production despite being expensive. If DDM complements rather than cannibalizes mass production, this alters the understanding of who adopts DDM, the products built with DDM, and DDM’s long-term supply chain implications. Design/methodology/approach – This invited paper explores a DDM rollout scenario and qualitatively assesses potential supply chain reconfigurations. Findings – The analysis recognizes that existing manufacturers with heterogeneous bills-of-material may develop DDM capabilities to isolate disruptive, low-volume production from scalable mass production. Developing ...
157 citations
TL;DR: The authors provide guidance to help international business scholars navigate the complexity of international business research and ensure that readers can trust their findings, providing suggestions for how to rule out alternative explanations, explaining key considerations not only in empirical analyses, but also in theory building and in research design.
Abstract: The complex nature of international business research, with its cross-country and multilevel nature, complicates the empirical identification of relationships among theoretical constructs. The objective of this editorial is to provide guidance to help international business scholars navigate this complexity and ensure that readers can trust their findings. We provide suggestions for how to rule out alternative explanations, explaining key considerations not only in empirical analyses, but also in theory building and in research design. Our discussion covers both qualitative and quantitative studies, because we believe that it is imperative to understand how trustworthiness is established in both traditions, even for international business researchers who self-identify with only one. This enables scholars to have a broader scope of knowledge when interpreting past research in the field and to be more adept at explaining their design choices to a diverse audience.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) transformational and transactional leadership on organizational innovation is examined, and it is shown that organizations benefit more from transformational leadership in dynamic environments.
Abstract: Purpose – Organizational innovation is critical for firm competitive advantage. Yet, we do not know enough about the relationship between leadership and organizational innovation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) transformational and transactional leadership on organizational innovation. The authors examine the moderating role of environmental dynamism. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected survey-based data from top management team members in 163 companies in services, construction, manufacturing and other industries in the USA. The authors used multiple regression analyses to test the study hypotheses. Findings – The empirical findings indicate that CEO transformational and transactional leadership behaviors positively influence organizational innovation. However, organizations benefit more from transformational leadership in dynamic environments. Originality/value – This study highlights the role of CEO leadership behavior in the pursu...
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use triangulation of alternative research philosophies to identify interesting new phenomena, provide alternative perspectives to complex problems, and gain a richer and more holistic understanding of complex project management problems.
TL;DR: In this paper, a double adjustment as households age is documented: a rebalancing of the portfolio composition away from stocks as they approach retirement and stock market exit after retirement, and a yearly probability of a large stock market loss in line with the frequency of stock market crashes in Norway.
Abstract: Using error-free data on life-cycle portfolio allocations of a large sample of Norwegian households, we document a double adjustment as households age: a rebalancing of the portfolio composition away from stocks as they approach retirement and stock market exit after retirement. When structurally estimating an extended life-cycle model, the parameter combination that best fits the data is one with a relatively large risk aversion, a small per-period participation cost, and a yearly probability of a large stock market loss in line with the frequency of stock market crashes in Norway.
TL;DR: This article found that a mandatory 40% gender quota shifts the average fraction of independent directors from 46% to 67% because female directors are much more often independent than males are, and this shock to board independence via gender quotas is strongest in small, young, profitable, non-listed firms with powerful stockholders and few female directors.
Abstract: We find that forcing radical gender balance on corporate boards is associated with increased board independence and reduced firm value. A mandatory 40% gender quota shifts the average fraction of independent directors from 46% to 67% because female directors are much more often independent directors than males are. This shock to board independence via gender quotas is strongest in small, young, profitable, non-listed firms with powerful stockholders and few female directors. Such firms also lose the most value, presumably because they need advice from dependent directors the most and monitoring by independent directors the least.
TL;DR: The main findings show that coaching is an effective tool that benefits organisations and a number of underlying facets contribute to this effectiveness.
Abstract: Purpose The primary aim of this paper is to conduct a thorough and systematic review of the empirical and practitioner research on executive, leadership and business coaching to assess the current empirical evidence for the effectiveness of coaching and the mechanisms underlying it.
Background Organisations are increasingly using business coaching as an intervention to improve the productivity and performance of their senior personnel. A consequence of this increased application is the demand for empirical data to understand the process by which it operates and its demonstrable efficacy in achieving pre-set goals.
Method This paper is a systematic review of the academic and practitioner literature pertaining to the effectiveness of business and executive coaching as a developmental intervention for organisations. It focuses on published articles, conference papers and theses that cover business, leadership or executive coaching within organisations over the last 10 years.
Conclusions The main findings show that coaching is an effective tool that benefits organisations and a number of underlying facets contribute to this effectiveness. However, there is deficiency and scope for further investigation in key aspects of the academic research and we identify several areas that need further research and practitioner attention.
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of customer involvement in the development of a new product over five years is presented, where customer involvement is modeled as a pattern of interactions at the interface of the customer and supplier organizations, and the role of sales function plays a central part in interfacing the supplier and customer organizations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the development of trust in temporary inter-organizational relations and connect trust, reciprocity, and actions, giving insight into the interplay between trust and reciprocity.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the development of trust in temporary inter-organizational relations. One specific form of such relations is public construction projects established by competitive tendering. In this context, previous studies have suggested that the shadow of the future only moderates behavior to a limited extent and trust may seem hard to come by. The present in-depth case study adds to the theorizing of trust dynamics by demonstrating that reciprocal norms at the industry level, as well as reciprocal norms developing during project execution, contribute to the development of trust. The study connects trust, reciprocity, and actions, giving insight into the interplay between trust and reciprocity, the interplay between reciprocal norms at the industry level and the project level, and the role of small and large actions in the trust process.
TL;DR: The authors re-conceptualizes absorptive capacity as a set of three sequentially linked learning processes where individual and organizational antecedents interact, and explains how value recognition, assimilation and application capabilities emerge as organizational (macro) level phenomena.
TL;DR: There is a positive relationship between project methodology elements and the characteristics of project success; however, environmental factors influence the use and effectiveness of a project methodology and its elements with a resulting impact on project success.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively validate the constructs of a theoretically derived research model while gaining insights to steer the direction of a greater study on methodologies, their elements, and their impact on project success. In doing so, to investigate whether different project environments, notably project governance, impacts the relationship between methodologies and project success. Design/methodology/approach – A deductive approach was applied to validate a theoretically derived research model. In total, 19 interviews across 11 industrial sectors and four countries were used to collect data. Pattern-matching techniques were utilized in the analysis to deductively validate the research model. Findings – There is a positive relationship between project methodology elements and the characteristics of project success; however, environmental factors, notably project governance, influence the use and effectiveness of a project methodology and its elements with a resulting im...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated relations between pay-for-performance incentives designed to vary in instrumentality and employee outcomes (self-reported work effort and turnover intention) in a longitudinal study spanning more than 2 years.
Abstract: This study investigated relations between pay-for-performance incentives designed to vary in instrumentality (annual pay-for-performance, quarterly pay-for-performance, and base pay level) and employee outcomes (self-reported work effort and turnover intention) in a longitudinal study spanning more than 2 years. After controlling for perceived instrumentality, merit pay increase, and the initial values of the dependent variables, the amount of base pay was positively related to work effort and negatively related to turnover intention, where both relationships were mediated by autonomous motivation. The amounts of quarterly and annual pay-for-performance were both positively related to controlled motivation, but were differently related to the dependent variables due to different relations with autonomous motivation.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors study how sizable lottery prizes affect household expenditure and savings and find that the expenditure responses (MPCs) spike in the year of winning, with a mean estimate of 0.35, and thereafter fall markedly.
Abstract: Using Norwegian administrative data, we study how sizable lottery prizes affect household expenditure and savings. Expenditure responses (MPCs) spike in the year of winning, with a mean estimate of 0.35, and thereafter fall markedly. Controlling for all items on the household balance sheet and characteristics such as education and age, MPCs vary with the amount won and liquid assets only. Shock size matters: The MPC among the 25 percent winning least is twice as high as among the 25 percent winning most. Many households are wealthy, illiquid and have high MPCs, consistent with 2-asset models of consumer choice.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twenty years of population data from Norway's administrative tax records and find that returns are positively correlated with wealth.
Abstract: We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twenty years of population data from Norway’s administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, in a given cross-section, individuals earn markedly different returns on their assets, with a difference of 500 basis points between the 10th and the 90th percentile. Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth. Fourth, returns have an individual permanent component that accounts for 60% of the explained variation. Fifth, for wealth below the 95th percentile, the individual permanent component accounts for the bulk of the correlation between returns and wealth; the correlation at the top reflects both compensation for risk and the correlation of wealth with the individual permanent component. Finally, the permanent component of the return to wealth is also (mildly) correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.
TL;DR: In this article, a Danish film production company, seeking to balance innovation and persistence in a troubled industry, struggles to realize a novel children's film and its sequels, revealing tensions at different levels as well as boundary work and boundary roles that address them, bringing in shadows of past and future projects.
Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between a permanent organization and a series of temporary organizations. It draws on an in-depth study of the process through which a Danish film production company, seeking to balance innovation and persistence in a troubled industry, struggles to realize a novel children’s film and its sequels. The study reveals tensions at different levels as well as boundary work and boundary roles that address them, bringing in shadows of past and future projects. The study extends the understanding of the dialectic between temporary and permanent organizing by emphasizing how ongoing work at different boundaries affects the permanent and temporary organizing’s connectedness and outcomes. It also challenges the overly bracketed view of temporary organizations, suggesting a temporality perspective on temporariness.
TL;DR: This paper found that workers who experienced adverse labor market conditions during the Finnish Great Depression in the early 1990s were less likely to invest in risky assets, whereas those whose income, employment, and wealth accumulation were unaffected by the experiences were unaffected.
Abstract: Formative experiences are a natural candidate for explaining heterogeneity in portfolio choice. However, identifying their impact is challenging because experiences can correlate with unobservables and they may lead to changes in wealth and other determinants of portfolio choice. We overcome these challenges by tracing the long-run impact of the Finnish Great Depression in the early 1990s on investment in risky assets. Plausibly exogenous variation in workers’ exposure to the depression allows us to identify the effects, whereas a new estimation approach makes addressing wealth and income effects possible. We find that workers who experienced adverse labor market conditions during the depression are less likely to invest in risky assets. This result is robust to a number of control variables and it holds for individuals whose income, employment, and wealth accumulation were unaffected by the experiences. The consequences of experiences travel in social networks: individuals whose neighbors and family members experienced adverse circumstances also avoid risky investments.
TL;DR: In this article, the causal effect of local representation in a closed-list proportional representation system where individual candidates have no clear electoral incentive to favor their hometowns was investigated using data from Norwegian regional governments.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a warehouse location model for joint prepositioning that incorporates political and security situation factors, such as accessibility, co-location, security, and human resources.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is linked to a firm's choice of competitive strategy and found that, except for seeking differentiation through community engagement, the approach of small firms to CSR remains largely characterized by adhoc decisions with few ties to their competitive strategies.
TL;DR: Dette er et Open Access tidsskrift as discussed by the authors is a collection of articles from ImpJeon journal. Publisert versjon tilgjengelig: http://www.impjournal.org/
TL;DR: In this article, a simple theory model that allows for productivity spillovers between the booming resource sector and other domestic sectors is proposed, and the model allows for resource movements and spending effects through a large panel of variables, while also identifying disturbances to other shocks.
Abstract: Traditional studies of the Dutch disease do not account for productivity spillovers between the booming resource sector and other domestic sectors. We put forward a simple theory model that allows for such spillovers. We then identify and quantify these spillovers using a Bayesian dynamic factor model. The model allows for resource movements and spending effects through a large panel of variables, while also identifying disturbances to other shocks. Using Australia and Norway as representative cases studies, we find that a booming resource sector has substantial productivity spillovers on non-resource sectors, effects that have not been captured in previous analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the scope of the user-market relationship is broader than developing offers and uses, and conceptualize market shaping as five interrelated subprocesses in which users may be involved as agents: qualifying goods, fashioning modes of exchange, configuring actors, establishing market norms and generating market representations.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to elaborate conceptually on the user–market relationship. Existing research reports a limited user–market relationship, which simultaneously exaggerates and underplays user influence on markets. Assuming a constructivist market studies (CMS) perspective, we argue that the scope of the user–market relationship is broader than developing offers and uses. We conceptualize market shaping as five interrelated subprocesses in which users may be involved as agents: qualifying goods, fashioning modes of exchange, configuring actors, establishing market norms and generating market representations. The extent of user influence in these subprocesses is likely to vary both within a specific market and across markets. By identifying conditions conducive to user involvement in each subprocess, we lay the foundation for empirical research into how users shape markets.
TL;DR: In this article, a general-purpose framework for the governance of projects is presented, which is structured by the concepts of governmentality and governance of project, in the context of different levels of projectification in organizations.