Showing papers by "Birla Institute of Technology and Science published in 2007"
TL;DR: The effectiveness of green tea polyphenols (GTP) and its constituent Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in tumor regression using both in-vitro cell culture models and in vivo athymic nude mice models of breast cancer supports contention that GTP and EGCG have anti-tumor properties.
266 citations
TL;DR: Differential evolution (DE) and its various strategies are applied for the optimal design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers in this paper, where the main objective is the estimation of the minimum heat transfer area required for a given heat duty, as it governs the overall cost of the heat exchanger.
225 citations
TL;DR: An epidemic transmission model SEIRS of malicious objects in the computer network is formulated, with death rate other than attack of malicious object is constant and an excess death rate constant for infective nodes.
216 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanosized magnesium oxide catalyzed three-component condensation reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, and α-naphthol was conducted in water-pEG to afford corresponding 2-amino-2-chromenes.
208 citations
TL;DR: Two series of pharmacophoric hybrids of phthalimide-GABA-anilides/hydrazones were designed and synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties and most of the compounds were found to be effective in the scSTY and ipPIC models and very few compounds showed protection in thescPTZ model.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental and computational study on the behavior of circular concentrically loaded concrete-filled steel tube columns till failure is presented, where the effect of the diameter and D/t ratio of a steel tube on the load carrying capacity of the concrete filled tubular columns are investigated.
174 citations
TL;DR: Both classification and location algorithms can be used as effective tools for real-time digital relaying purpose and are immune from effects of faults inception angle, impedance and distance.
162 citations
TL;DR: It has been observed that the endemic equilibrium for this model may be unstable thus giving an example of a generalization which leads to new possibilities for the behavior of the model.
134 citations
TL;DR: Two atom efficient, green protocol for the synthesis of fifteen 2-amino-6-methyl-4-aryl-8-[(E)-arylmethylidene]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitriles and isoniazid was found to be the most potent compound against MTB and MDR-TB.
129 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Analytical method validation is the systematic process of establishing that an analytical method is acceptable for its intended purpose as mentioned in this paper, which has a direct impact on the quality of the above data, such validated analytical methods for qualitative or quantitative testing of drug molecules assume greater importance when they are employed to generate quality and safety compliance data during development and postapproval of drug products.
Abstract: Analytical method validation is the systematic process of establishing that an analytical method is acceptable for its intended purpose In general the developer or user of the method generates evidence on specificity, linearity range, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, ruggedness and robustness of the method for regulatory submissions or in-house application The iterative process of method development and validation has a direct impact on the quality of the above data Such validated analytical methods for qualitative or quantitative testing of drug molecules assume greater importance when they are employed to generate quality and safety compliance data during development and post-approval of drug products The present paper aims to discuss salient points of the analytical method development and validation cycle It also attempts to compare and summarize guidelines issued by different agencies for validation of analytical methods used for analysis of drug substances in the pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations
120 citations
TL;DR: This paper deals with the application and evaluation of a modified version of differential evolution called trigonometric differential evolution (TDE) algorithm for solving dynamic optimization problems encountered in chemical engineering which provides enhanced convergence speed.
TL;DR: In this article, meshless element free Galerkin (EFG) method has been extended to obtain the numerical solution of nonlinear, unsteady heat transfer problems with temperature dependent material properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, an Interactive Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (IFMOLP) model for water quality management in a river basin is presented, which incorporates the aspirations and conflicting objectives of the decision maker (DM) by taking into consideration the aspects relevant for pollution control boards as well as dischargers responsible for generating wastewater.
Abstract: This paper presents an Interactive Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (IFMOLP) model for water quality management in a river basin. The IFMOLP model formulated will first evaluate dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations or DO deficits at a point in different reaches depending on the overall Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration present in the respective drain. Subsequently, the model incorporates the aspirations and conflicting objectives of the decision maker (DM) by taking into consideration the aspects relevant for pollution control boards as well as dischargers responsible for generating wastewater. The uncertainty associated with specifying the water quality criteria (based on DO concentration or DO deficit) and treatment cost to remove pollution level is incorporated by interacting the decision maker. In this process DM is asked to specify the reference aspiration levels of achievement for the values of all membership functions generated with respect to each objective. This provides flexibility for the pollution control authorities and dischargers to specify their aspirations. IFMOLP model developed herein is then used in a case study for the evaluation of optimal BOD removal in different drains located across the river Yamuna at New Delhi, India. The presented model will simulate the allocation of waste load efficiencies with satisfactory results which will indicate usefulness of the model in managing more complex river basins along with better flexible policies of water management.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the operating variables on the oxirane oxygen content, as well as on the Oxirane ring stability and the iodine value of the epoxidised karanja oil, were determined.
Abstract: Karanja oil with an iodine value of 89 g/100 g was epoxidised in situ with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in the presence of Amberlite IR-120 acidic ion exchange resin as catalyst. The effect of the operating variables on the oxirane oxygen content, as well as on the oxirane ring stability and the iodine value of the epoxidised karanja oil, were determined. The variables studied were stirring speed, hydrogen peroxide-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio, acetic acid-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst loading. The effects of these parameters on the conversion to the epoxidised oil were studied and the optimum conditions for the maximum oxirane content were established. The proposed kinetic model takes into consideration the two side reactions, namely, epoxy ring opening involving the formation of hydroxy acetate and hydroxyl groups, and the reaction between the peroxyacid and the epoxy group. The kinetic and adsorption constants of the rate equations were estimated by the best fit using Marquardt's algorithm. Good agreement between experimental and predicted data validates the proposed kinetic model. From the estimated kinetic constants, the apparent activation energy for the epoxidation reaction was found to be 11 kcal/mol.
TL;DR: The comparison of results in terms of interval of confidence for LOLP indicates that levelized risk method adequately incorporates the stochastic nature of power system as compared with levelized reserve method.
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to develop mathematical models on computer viruses infecting the system under different conditions to find the probability that at any time t how many software components are infected by virus.
TL;DR: The developed controlled release matrix tablets of lamivudine, with good initial release (20%–25% in first hour) and extension of release up to 16 to 20 hours, can overcome the disadvantages of conventional tablets of lamevudine.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to design oral controlled release matrix tablets of lamivudine using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the retardant polymer and to study the effect of various formulation factors such as polymer proportion, polymer viscosity, and compression force on the in vitro release of drug. In vitro release studies were performed using US Pharmacopeia type 1 apparatus (basket method) in 900 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at 100 rpm. The release kinetics were analyzed using the zero-order model equation, Higuchi’s square-root equation, and the Ritger-Peppas empirical equation. Compatibility of the drug with various excipients was studied. In vitro release studies revealed that the release rate decreased with increase in polymer proportion and viscosity grade. Increase in compression force was found to decrease the rate of drug release. Matrix tablets containing 60% HPMC 4000 cps were found to show good initial release (26% in first hour) and extended the release up to 16 hours. Matrix tablets containing 80% HPMC 4000 cps and 60% HPMC 15 000 cps showed a first-hour release of 22% but extended the release up to 20 hours. Methematical analysis of the release kinetics indicated that the nature of drug release from the matrix tablets was dependent on drug diffusion and polymer relaxation and therefore followed non-Fickian or anomalous release. No incompatibility was observed between the drug and excipients used in the formulation of matrix tablets. The developed controlled release matrix tablets of lamivudine, with good initial release (20%–25% in first hour) and extension of release up to 16 to 20 hours, can overcome the disadvantages of conventional tablets of lamivudine.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the study of these photoprocesses in photoexcited molecules in different confined liquid environments is presented, where the local polarity, viscosity and pH induced by the confined environments have a significant role in modifying the photoprograms.
Abstract: The photoprocesses like excited state proton transfer (ESPT), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), fluorescence energy transfer (FET), occurring in the excited molecules find ample applications in the chemical and biochemical fields. These photoprocesses are markedly affected by the introduction of biomimicking liquid confining environments like micelles, reverse micelles, cyclodextrins, proteins, etc. The local polarity, viscosity and pH, induced by the confined environments have a significant role in modifying the photoprocesses. In this review we have presented a comprehensive report of the recent progress in the study of these photoprocesses in photoexcited molecules in different confined liquid environments. Mostly, recent works have been reviewed in this article to acquire information about progress in the photophysical and photochemical reactions in different confined environments.
TL;DR: In this article, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was proposed for fault location in transmission line faults. And the proposed ANFIS approach has superiority over FIS for location of transmission line fault and thus can be used as an effective tool for real-time digital relaying purposes.
Abstract: The proposed algorithm for fault location, different from conventional algorithms that are based on deterministic computations on a well-defined model to be protected, employs wavelet transform together with fuzzy inference system (FIS) and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to incorporate expert evaluation so as to extract important features from wavelet multi-resolution analysis (MRA) coefficients for obtaining coherent conclusions regarding fault location. Simulation results indicate that both the classification and localization algorithms are immune to the effects of fault inception angle, impedance and distance. The most significant contribution of this article is that the proposed ANFIS approach has superiority over FIS for location of transmission line faults and thus can be used as an effective tool for real-time digital relaying purposes.
TL;DR: 15 new 1-(5-cyclobutyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-3-(2'-trifluoromethyl)phenylthiourea compounds were synthesized and found to be the most active, with an in vitro MIC of 0.14 microM and was 80 times more active than isoniazid against MTB and MDR-TB, respectively.
Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this work was to synthesize 15 new 1-(5-cyclobutyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-3-(sub)phenyl/pyridylthiourea compounds and evaluate their in vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activities. Methods: 5-Cyclobutyloxazol-2-amine was reacted with 1,1 0 -thiocarbonyldiimidazole, followed by various substituted anilines and 2-amino pyridines to yield the 15 compounds, which were subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) and a clinical isolate of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Results: Among the 15 compounds screened, 7 compounds inhibited both MTB and MDR-TB in vitro with MICs of 1307. In the in vivo animal model, compound 8 decreased the mycobacterium load in lung and spleen tissues with 2.8 and 3.94 log10 reductions, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have developed and validated performance measures for world class manufacturing in Indian context that could be used by managers/ practitioners in assessing and improving their manufacturing performance using a thorough synthesis of the world-class manufacturing literature.
Abstract: This paper aims to develop and validate performance measures for world class manufacturing (WCM) in Indian context that could be used by managers/ practitioners in assessing and improving their manufacturing performance. Using a thorough synthesis of the world class manufacturing literature, sixteen performance measures — top management commitment, knowledge management, employee training, innovation and technology, employee empowerment, environmental health and safety, supplier management, production planning and control, quality, flexibility, speed, cost, customer involvement, customer satisfaction, customer services and company growth — of world class manufacturing and their 89 variables have been developed. Using the data obtained from a survey of manufacturing industries in India, the identified performance measures were subjected to appropriate statistical tests to establish reliability and validity. Statistical computing package SPSS 11.5 for Windows was used for reliability and validity analysis. The validated instrument of world class manufacturing measures developed here may be used by manufacturing organizations to prioritise their management efforts to assess and implement WCM. The validated results are in Indian context, however, the instrument developed can be used in global context.
TL;DR: During extensive computational experiment, it is found that the performance of the AIS algorithm on a well known data set of resource-constrained project scheduling problem is superior as compared to GA, fuzzy-GA, LFT, GRU, SIO, MINSLK, RSM, RAN, and MJP based approaches.
Abstract: In this paper, resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) is discussed with an objective of minimizing the makespan of a project. Due to its universality, it has a variety of applications as in manufacturing, production planning, project management and elsewhere. It is a well known computationally complex problem, thus warrants the application of heuristics techniques or AI based optimization tools to achieve optimal or near optimal solution in real time. In this research, the artificial immune system (AIS) approach is proposed to solve the aforementioned problem. It exploits the beauty of learning and memory acquisition to ensure the convergence with faster rate. During extensive computational experiment, it is found that the performance of the AIS algorithm on a well known data set of resource-constrained project scheduling problem is superior as compared to GA, fuzzy-GA, LFT, GRU, SIO, MINSLK, RSM, RAN, and MJP based approaches.
TL;DR: A significant association was observed between the 118G allele and no association was seen with C17T polymorphism and opioid dependence, while the frequency of these variants in the subjects of Indian origin was delineated.
Abstract: The opioidergic hypothesis suggests an association between genetic variations at the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) gene locus and opiate addiction. The OPRM1 gene, which encodes for mu opioid receptor, contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon I. Two of these, C17T and A118G, have been reported to be associated with substance abuse. The present study aims to delineate the frequency of these variants in the subjects of Indian origin and study their association with the phenotype of opioid dependence. A118G (rs 1799971) and C17T (rs 1799972) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. For 118G allele, the control subjects (n = 156) showed a frequency of 0.12 while the opioid dependents (n = 126) had a, ~2.5-fold higher frequency of 0.31 (Odds Ratio 3.501; CI95% 2.212–5.555; p < 0.0001). For C17T polymorphism, the controls (n = 57) showed a frequency of 0.89 for C allele versus 0.83 seen in dependents (n = 123; odds ratio of 0.555; CI95% 0.264–1.147; p = 0.121). A significant association was observed between the 118G allele and no association was seen with C17T polymorphism and opioid dependence.
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the dynamics of a predator-prey model, where the habitat is divided into two zones, namely free zone and reserved zone.
Abstract: In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analysed to study the dynamics of a prey-predator model. It is assumed that the habitat is divided into two zones, namely free zone and reserved zone. Predators are not allowed to enter into the reserved zone. Criteria for the coexistence of predator-prey are obtained. The role of reserved zone is investigated and it is shown that the reserve zone has a stabilizing effect on predator-prey interactions.
TL;DR: An analysis of quality management using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria (MBNQA) criteria in a 300‐bed hospital in South India reveals that quality performance of case hospital is of higher level, however among all the seven criteria, the hospital has still more opportunity to improve the quality.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of quality management using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria (MBNQA) criteria in a 300‐bed hospital in South India.Design/methodology/approach – Based on Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) criteria in‐depth interviews are conducted with the heads of the departments in the case hospital. Data is analysed and compared with the MBNQA points to evaluate the performance of the hospital in all the seven criteria's of MBNQA.Findings – The paper presents the strengths and opportunities for improvement through MBNQA criteria. The total points scored are 753 out of 1,000 points. This reveals that quality performance of case hospital is of higher level. However among all the seven criteria, the hospital has still more opportunity to improve the quality in MBNQA criteria no. 4, i.e. measure, analysis and knowledge management.Research limitations/implications – This study brings out a potential area of research about how t...
TL;DR: Several substituted-quinazolin-3(4H)-ones 8-11ad were synthesized by condensation of 2-chloro-N-(4-oxo-substituted-quin zinc-yl)-acetamides with various substituted imidazoles through one pot reaction to investigate their antitubercular, antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Abstract: Several substituted-quinazolin-3(4H)-ones 8—11ad were synthesized by condensation of 2-chloro-N-(4-oxo-substituted-quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-acetamides with various substituted imidazoles through one pot reaction. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectral data confirmed the structure of the newly synthesized compounds. Synthesized quinazolin-4-one derivatives were investigated for their antitubercular, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of the tested compounds showed good antitubercular activity. None of the synthesized compounds showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.
TL;DR: The validity of the method has been checked by applying it to study the recovery of chromium in spiked water samples and electroplating wastewater.
01 Sep 2007
TL;DR: A three-stage supply chain problem is solved using Multi-Objective Differential Evolution (MODE) algorithm in this work and Pareto optimal solutions are obtained for each case.
Abstract: Many problems in the engineering domain involve more than one objective to be optimized simultaneously. The optimal solution to a multi-objective function results in a set of equally good solutions (Pareto optimal set), rather than a unique solution. Several entities are present in a typical supply chain problem. Each of these entities has its individual objectives. When all the objectives of supply chain are combined they work towards a common goal of increasing the profitability of an organization. The supply chain model is thus multi-objective in nature which involves several conflicting objectives. A three-stage supply chain problem (involving a network of supplier, plant and customer zones) is solved using Multi-Objective Differential Evolution (MODE) algorithm in this work. Three cases of objective functions are considered in this study. Pareto optimal solutions are obtained for each case. The results are compared with those reported using NSGA-II in the literature.
TL;DR: B-spline method for solving singular two-point boundary value problems for a certain differential equation having singular coefficients and error estimates are obtained which enable a deferred correction to be made.