Showing papers by "Boston College published in 1976"
TL;DR: In this article, it has been suggested that when the variance assumptions of a repeated measures ANOVA are not met, the df of the mean square ratio should be adjusted by the sample estimate of the Box correction.
Abstract: It has been suggested that when the variance assumptions of a repeated measures ANOVA are not met, the df of the mean square ratio should be adjusted by the sample estimate of the Box correction fa...
1,649 citations
Journal Article•
274 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the relationship between posture sharing and self-report indications of rapport in a group situation-college seminar classrooms and found that the greater the amount of mirroring and congruent postures evidenced by students vis-a-vis the teacher, the higher the ratings of involvement.
Abstract: Systematic observation and a questionnaire format were used to investigate the relationship between posture sharing and self-report indications of rapport in a group situation-college seminar classrooms. A pattern of significant positive correlations revealed that the greater the amount of mirroring and congruent postures evidenced by students vis-a-vis the teacher, the higher the ratings of involvement. Conversely, a significant negative relationship was found between amount of incongruent posture display and reports of interest. Implications of the findings for group dynamics and environmental design are discussed.
202 citations
TL;DR: The authors analyzed the reported coping behavior of 92 women diagnosed as having rape trauma, finding that most of the women used verbal, physical, or cognitive strategies when threatened, although 34 were physically or psychologically paralyzed.
Abstract: The coping behavior of rape victims can be analyzed in three distinct phases--the threat of attack, the attack itself, and the period immediately thereafter The authors analyzed the reported coping behavior of 92 women diagnosed as having rape trauma Most of the women used verbal, physical, or cognitive strategies when threatened, although 34 were physically or psychologically paralyzed The actual rape prompted coping behaviors in all but 1 victim Escaping the situation or the assailant is the primary task immediately after the attack In counseling the rape victim, it is important to understand her individual style of coping, to be supportive of it, and to suggest alternatives for future stressful situations
165 citations
122 citations
TL;DR: ATS 5 particle spectrograms and simultaneous meridian-scanning photometer data obtained at the base of the ATS field line have revealed systematic relationships between temporal and spatial auroral morphology and particle-injection events.
Abstract: Analysis of ATS 5 particle spectrograms and simultaneous meridian-scanning photometer data obtained at the base of the ATS field line has revealed systematic relationships between temporal and spatial auroral morphology and particle-injection events. The details of these relationships depend on previous injection events, the local time of the observatory with respect to current-injection events, and the extent and magnitude of current injections. A persistent zone of weak aurora is related to steady plasma-sheet drizzle, and the equatorward edge of this aurora delineates field lines threading the inner edge of the plasma sheet. Auroras associated with injection events superimpose on this preexisting pattern, with the lowest latitude of new precipitation depending on local time. In general, plasma energization is not required between the equatorial plane and the ionosphere to account for observed auroral intensities. The data indicate occasional occurrence of enhanced loss-cone fluxes, suggesting low-altitude field-aligned acceleration. A summary figure shows how various characteristic auroral-precipitation regions are related to the shape, extent, and orientation of the substorm injection boundary and to the subsequent drift paths of injected plasma.
113 citations
TL;DR: The kind of mastery score problem often encountered in educational and psychological testing may be roughly described as follows: given that a certain unit of instruction must be mastered by a subject, a test is administered at the end of this unit and, on the basis of the observed score or an estimate of the true score, a decision is made about the grant of the mastery status.
Abstract: The kind of mastery score problem often encountered in educational and psychological testing may be roughly described as follows: given that a certain unit of instruction must be mastered by a subject, a test is administered at the end of this unit and, on the basis of the observed score or an estimate of the true score, a decision is made about the grant of the mastery status. If the subject is declared master of the unit, he will be allowed to proceed to the next unit of instruction. Otherwise, remedial work will be given. Given relevant consequences of misclassification, the problem is to determine an optimum decision rule.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the use of simulation games in the business world and examine their success and suggest that developers of these computer simulation methods need to pay greater attention to the design, administration and testing of these games in order for them to gain any measurable credibility.
Abstract: The author discusses the use of simulation games in the business world and examines their success. He notes that while these methods are being touted as an educational innovation, there is no real evidence to back up that actual success of these games. He suggests that developers of these computer simulation methods need to pay greater attention to the design, administration and testing of these games in order for them to gain any measurable credibility. He contends that users should gain knowledge of principals when they play these games as well as knowledge of how these principals operate in the real world. This would require a grasp on the social dynamics of the business world and would help prepare students for the decision making processes they will encounter in the field.
65 citations
61 citations
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of cleanliness as well as race as a determinant of preference was investigated in black children in grades 2, 3, and 4 of a non-segregated New York City public school.
Abstract: The classic studies of doll preference conducted by Clark and Clark have stimulated more than 25 years of research investigating self-acceptance and self-rejection in black children. These studies, however, have failed to consider the importance of nonracial factors as determinants of preference. In an investigation of the importance of cleanliness as well as race as a determinant of preference, 60 white and 56 black children of both sexes in grades 2, 3, and 4 of a nonsegregated New York City public school indicated their relative preferences for four photographs varying in cleanliness and race. Results indicate that cleanliness is a more potent determinant of preferences than is the race of the stimulus person.
TL;DR: In the covert modeling (CM) procedure as mentioned in this paper, a client is asked to imagine he is observing a model behaving in various situations, which is a covert conditioning procedure analogous to overt modeling.
TL;DR: A modified soybean (Glycine max) tissue culture bioassay for cytokinins should prove to have several advantages over the conventional soybean callus bioassays including convenience, lower variability between tissue samples, and improved resolution.
Abstract: This paper describes a modified soybean (Glycine max) tissue culture bioassay for cytokinins. Soybean hypocotyls were grown under sterile conditions and sliced into 1-mm sections. Sections were cultured for 5,9,13, or 22 days on a callus medium with zeatin or other cytokinins. The fresh weight of sections increased with the cytokinin concentration from 0.0005 to 1 mum zeatin; 2-fold concentration differences were readily distinguishable at 9 days. The assay should prove to have several advantages over the conventional soybean callus bioassay including convenience, lower variability between tissue samples, and improved resolution. Its specificity is comparable to that of the soybean callus bioassay.
TL;DR: The results of testing of the two compounds for carcinogenic activity support the recent hypotheses that metabolic activation and binding of the parent hydrocarbon occur on the lateral rings rather than the K regions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction of (h5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2 with triphenylmethyl tetrafluoroborate in the presence of alkenes is discussed.
TL;DR: In both experiments, lithium significantly reduced rearing behavior in the stressed, but not the unstressed, rats, and lithium also reduced horizontal locomotion in both stressed and unstressed rats.
Abstract: Rats were tested for 3 min per day, for 4 successive days, in an open field apparatus, 20 min after injection of either lithium chloride (2 mEq/kg) or physiological saline. In the first experiment, the open field was illuminated with moderate white light for some rats (stress condition) and dim red light for others (non-stress condition). In the second experiment, some rats received an electric foot shock 5 h before each open field test (stress condition) and others received no foot shock (non-stress condition). In both experiments, lithium significantly reduced rearing behavior in the stressed, but not the unstressed, rats. Lithium also reduced horizontal locomotion, but this effect appeared in both stressed and unstressed rats. In the second experiment, defecation was measured, and it was found that lithium-treated rats defecated less than saline-treated rats in the first session, but not in subsequent sessions, due to habituation which occurred for the saline rats.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the technique of covert response cost, which involves having the client imagine a behavioral response which he wishes to reduce in frequency paired with the imagined loss of a reinforcer.
Abstract: The paper introduces the technique of covert response cost, which involves having the client imagine a behavioral response which he wishes to reduce in frequency paired with the imagined loss of a reinforcer. Methodological considerations, research and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of this procedure, and suggestions for further research are discussed.
TL;DR: A unified formalism appropriate for calculating the electromagnetic response of both an electron gas and the vacuum in an arbitrarily strong magnetic field is developed in this paper, where the particular case of propagation parallel to the magnetic field in vacuum is discussed in detail.
Abstract: A unified formalism appropriate for calculating the electromagnetic response of both an electron gas and the vacuum in an arbitrarily strong magnetic field is developed The particular case of propagation parallel to the magnetic field in vacuum is discussed in detail in this paper and the full expression for the corresponding Pi/sub mu//sub nu/(k, omega) is obtained The pole structures of the dynamical polarizabilities related to Pi/sub mu//sub nu/(0, omega) are examined and the existence of a singlet longitudinal massive photon inferred The static, k-dependent, electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the vacuum are evaluated from Pi/sub mu//sub nu/(k, 0) (AIP)
TL;DR: A straightforward diagnostic test procedure that provides numerical indexes whose magnitudes signify the presence of one or more near dependencies among columns of a data matrix X that provides a means for determining, within the linear regression model, the extent to which each such near dependency is degrading the least- squares estimation of each regression coefficient.
Abstract: This paper suggests and examines a straightforward diagnostic test procedure that 1) provides numerical indexes whose magnitudes signify the presence of one or more near dependencies among columns of a data matrix X, and 2) provides a means for determining, within the linear regression model, the extent to which each such near dependency is degrading the least- squares estimation of each regression coefficient. In most instances this latter information also enables the investigator to determine specifically which columns of the data matrix are involved in each near dependency. The diagnostic test is based on an interrelation between two analytic devices, the singular-value decomposition (closely related to eigensystems) and a matching regression-variance decomposition. Both these devices are developed in full. The test is successfully given empirical content through a set of experiments that examine its behavior when applied to several different series of data matrices having one or more known near dependencies that are weak to begin with and are made to became systematically more nearly perfectly collinear. The general diagnostic properties of the test that result from these experiments and the steps required to carry out the test are summarized, and then exemplified by application to real economic data.
TL;DR: Chinizarindichjnon (Ic) und seine Substitutions Produkte (Ia) und (Ib) konnen mit konjugierten Dienen im Sinne einer Diels-Alder-Reaktion zu (III), (IV), (V) bzw. (VI) reagieren as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of 300 White women in the Boston Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, of 50 of their husbands in a matched pairs analysis and of 25 Black women, showed that socioeconomic status is a consistently stronger predictor of the federal tax burden than is ideology.
Abstract: . Beliefs about tax burdens are frequently distorted in the direction of the believer's economic self-interest, according to a study of 300 White women in the Boston Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, of 50 of their husbands in a matched pairs analysis and of 25 Black women. Socioeconomic status is a consistently stronger predictor of the federal tax burden than is ideology, but neither is effective. The federal income tax component of the total tax burden is consistently overestimated. But there is a general tendency to underestimate the total tax burden of the poor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the fluorescence characteristics of the garnet-type crystal Yb3Al5O12 : Er3+ (YbAlG : Er 3+) and studied the energy transfer process between the two rare earth ions over a temperature range 78-297 K.
TL;DR: In this article, a 1-Methoxy-l,3-cyclohexadien reagiert mit Naphthazarin (II) zum Cycloaddukt (III), das in Gegenwart von Base mit Sauerstoff zu (IV) oxidiert wird.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a high level of electrostatic turbulence can be generated by plasma instabilities in solar flares, in general, the turbulence has both quasistatic and dynamic components.
Abstract: A high level of electrostatic turbulence can be generated by plasma instabilities in solar flares. The turbulence, in general, has both quasistatic (ionic) and dynamic (electronic) components. Hydrogenic line profiles develop distinct features under the simultaneous effect of the quasistatic and dynamic turbulent electric fields: these features are discussed and the possible inferences that can be drawn as to the nature of the turbulent electric fields through their observation are pointed out. Solar flare spectral diagnostics along these lines can provide an observational test of the existence of turbulent electric fields in the flare region. When a detailed determination of the characteristics of these fields is feasible, it would, in turn, help in identifying the underlying plasma instability mechanisms that give rise to these fields during the flare build-up and associated processes.
TL;DR: Sodium cyanoborohydride has been found to be very effective for the conversion of [( h 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 ( h 2 -alkene)] + BF 4 − complexes to the corresponding h 1 -alkyl derivatives as mentioned in this paper.
01 Dec 1976-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of selenium, sulfur, lead, and silver on the conductivity and annealability of oxygen-bearing copper ingots were studied and the resistivity ratios were measured.
Abstract: The effects of selenium, sulfur, lead, and silver on the conductivity and annealability of oxygen-bearing copper were studied. High purity materials were used to cast ingots containing ETP levels of oxygen. The alloys were homogenized, then equilibrated at 675°C, 735°C, 800°C, and 900°C. Resistivity ratios were measured. Then the specimens were drawn to wire and their half-hard temperatures were measured. The first few ppm of an element had a larger effect on annealability than subsequent equal additions. For less than 5 ppmw, sulfur had a larger effect, on the basis of dissolved ppmw than Se (12.4°C/ppmwvs 11°C/ppmw), but its total effect was limited by low solubility. There is evidence supporting the existence of a ternary eutectic in the Cu-O-Se and Cu-O-S systems below 900°C. Lead undergoes a reaction with oxygen between 735°C and 800°C. Silver has little effect on annealability. The resistivity measurements support the findings based on annealability, and provide new data on solubilities in the systems containing sulfur, selenium, lead and oxygen.