Showing papers by "Bowling Green State University published in 1968"
TL;DR: The relationship of selected vocal characteristics to personality perception was studied in this paper, where it was shown that vocal characteristics are correlated with personality perception and with the degree of self-confidence.
Abstract: (1968). The relationship of selected vocal characteristics to personality perception. Speech Monographs: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 492-503.
200 citations
01 Jan 1968
43 citations
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: For the greater part of the history of this species, which now can be authentically timed as beginning at least 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, dogs were probably not subject to the conscious selection practised by dog breeders within the last century.
Abstract: We ordinarily think of the dog as an animal whose biological history has been determined by artificial selection enforced by human masters, whereas evolution is usually considered a process which takes place without human direction. However, for the greater part of the history of this species, which now can be authentically timed as beginning at least 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, dogs were probably not subject to the conscious selection practised by dog breeders within the last century. Even within this latter period the direction of selection has changed many times. Furthermore, most of the main varieties of dogs were not produced by scientific breeding, but had their origin in the remote historical past as local varieties. It seems most likely that most of these local strains were produced largely by accident and were only later recognized as having valuable special characteristics, after which the variety would be spread over a larger area by travellers and traders.
43 citations
36 citations
TL;DR: Treating staphylococci with DMSO was found to result in a greater rate of oxygen and lactose uptake, while the rate of glycine transport was reduced, and some possible mechanisms for the mode of action of this compound are discussed.
23 citations
17 citations
TL;DR: The parallel processing hypothesis predicts no difference in hit rate (HR) for identical forms presented simultaneously or successively as discussed by the authors, and the major finding was a lack of HR increase for four simultaneous Cs over one C. Results call into question the level at which parallel processing occurs.
Abstract: The parallel processing hypothesis predicts no difference in hit rate (HR) for identical forms presented simultaneously or successively. This was tested in two experiments differing only in the number of features distinguishing stimulus forms: (1) one feature (Landolt Cs); (2) multiple features (the graphemes A, T, U). Each experiment had three conditions: (1) single form, (2) four simultaneous forms, (3) four successive forms. The major finding was a lack of HR increase for four simultaneous Cs over one C. HRs for successive Cs and both multiple letter conditions sharply increased over the one form condition. Results call into question the level at which parallel processing occurs. Three decision models, all assuming perceptual independence, were tested. None fit all the data.
16 citations
TL;DR: The failure of the Literary Digest to predict the 1936 presidential election led to an extensive examination of the techniques employed by the magazine and three major sources of error were identified as discussed by the authors, including the use of mailed questionnaires, which are not returned in the same proportion by upper and lower socioeconomic groups, and the data were collected early in the campaign and did not catch later shifts in political alignments made by certain categories of voters.
Abstract: The grounds for this view stem largely from the failure of the Literary Digest to predict the 1936 presidential election. This failure, after a prior series of remarkably accurate predictions, led to an extensive examination of the techniques employed by the magazine. Three major sources of error were identified. First, the data were collected through the use of mailed questionnaires, which are not returned in the same proportion by upper and lower socioeconomic groups. Second, the data were collected early in the campaign and did not catch later shifts in political alignments made by certain categories of voters. And finally, the sample was drawn from telephone directories and automobile registration lists, which underrepresent persons in lower socioeconomic categories.2 The Literary Digest's 1936 failure thus involved more than the use of a biased sample source. All three of the errors described above are considered important problems to take into account in conducting survey research, and all are the subject of a large body of literature. Had the Literary Digest not made any one of the three errors, its 1936 prediction might have been much better. Yet discussion of the case in methodology textbooks focuses almost entirely on the use of telephone directories as a sample source. The requirements for drawing a simple random sample are well known, but there are many pragmatic problems associated with
12 citations
TL;DR: Observation showed that practice in reversing Necker cubes yielded a reversal rate on the last 15% cube nearly equal to that of the 100% cube, and the theory remained tenable.
Abstract: The theory of Ammons (1954) in conjunction with that of Ammons, Ulrich, and Ammons (1959) is that practice (perceptual learning) in reversing Necker cubes reduces the latency of form recognition. I...
11 citations
TL;DR: Hick's law was generalized to the case of absolute judgment by measuring S's judgment time (JT) to unidimensionally varying, visitai stimuli as discussed by the authors, and the linear component of the regression of JT on transmitted information was highly significant, and was the only significant component.
Abstract: Hick’s law was generalized to the case of absolute judgment by measuring S’s judgment time (JT) to unidimensionally varying, visitai stimuli. The linear component of the regression of JT on transmitted information was highly significant, and was the only significant component, thus confirming Hick’s law. Discriminability alone was found to be incapable of accounting for JT variance, although the results verified that, in the range manipulated, discriminability does affect performance. Further analyses revealed that stimulus-onset uncertainty does not, as Hick supposed, have the effect of adding one more state of the alternatives, and that Hick’s law does not hold when applied to JTs to individual stimuli.
TL;DR: It often is difficult to recognize the changes that take place over a period of time until someone compiles a description of each important milepost along the way, and Thomas W. Bohn prepared a description as part of his work toward the Ph.D. in the University of Wisconsin.
Abstract: It often is difficult to recognize the changes that take place over a period of time until someone compiles a description of each important milepost along the way. Thomas W. Bohn, on the faculty of the Department of Speech at Bowling Green State University, prepared such a description as part of his work toward the Ph.D. in the University of Wisconsin.
TL;DR: In this article, two experiments were reported in which distress vocalizations to shock (UR) were studied while varying signaled (CS) and unsignaled shock (US), strains, and seven different CS-US intervals (ISI) from 100 msec to 6 sec.
Abstract: Two experiments are reported in which distress vocalizations to shock (UR) were studied while varying signaled (CS) and unsignaled shock (US), strains, and seven different CS-US intervals (ISI) from 100 msec to 6 sec. Measures analyzed were total vocalizations, vocalizations on Trial 1, and distribution of vocalizations over the 2 sec shock. ISIs of 300 msec or less did not suppress vocalizations while ISIs from.5 to 6 sec did (p <.001), but not differentially. CS suppression of the UR occurred on Trial 1 (p <.001) and continued for all trials. Albinos vocalized more than hoods (p <.01). A non-associative interpretation was supported.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the need for social approval and sex role identification was investigated and the results indicated independence between sex role identity and the need to seek social approval, irrespective of biological sex.
Abstract: Summary The relationship between the need for social approval and sex role identification was investigated. The Mariowe-Crowne social desirability scale, the Ed wards social desirability scale and the masculinity scale of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey were given 184 college students. The results indicate independence between sex role identification and need for social approval, irrespective of biological sex. Thus, this research aids in defining the properties of the construct. The relationships found provide evidence for Crowne and Marlowe's argument that the Edwards scale is, in part, a measure of willingness to admit to weakness and pathology while the Marlowe-Crowne scale is independent of such willingness.
TL;DR: The authors summarized over 1,200 correlations reported in 38 studies appearing in the period 1954-1967 are summarized for 10 predictor categories and 11 vocational program areas for each predictor-program combination along with median correlation along with total number of students involved, number of correlations located, and an index to the relevant studies.
Abstract: Over 1,200 correlations reported in 38 studies appearing in the period 1954–1967 are summarized for 10 predictor categories and 11 vocational program areas. For each predictor-program combination the distribution of correlations is given along with median correlation (r), total number of students involved, number of correlations located, and an index to the relevant studies. Main trends include (a) substantial variation in results from study to study; (b) differences in level of predictor-criterion r among vocational areas and between males and females; (c) evidence of differential predictability; and (d) poor performance of dexterity tests.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a need in academic management for further utilization of decision theory techniques, subjective probability, and mathematical model building for decision-making tools in higher education management.
Abstract: Systematic decision making tools have been generally overlooked by college and university decision makers. There is a noteworthy need in academic management for further utilization of decision theory techniques, subjective probability, and mathematical model building.
TL;DR: The results appear to agree with prior research that has suggested an inverse relationship between stressfulness and weight gain and are consistent with the hypothesis that the availability of a coping response may partially mitigate the deleterious effects of shock induced stress.
Abstract: Rats were exposed to 23½ h of either escapable, inescapable, or nonshock conditions. Weight loss was significantly greater for inescapable Ss when compared to either escape or nonshocked Ss. These results appear to agree with prior research that has suggested an inverse relationship between stressfulness and weight gain. The data is also consistent with the hypothesis that the availability of a coping response may partially mitigate the deleterious effects of shock induced stress.
TL;DR: The termites, Lepidoptera (larvae and adults), and ants which were collected from shelf fungi (Polyporaceae and Thelephoraceae) in the area indicated are listed.
Abstract: The termites, Lepidoptera (larvae and adults), and ants which were collected from shelf fungi (Polyporaceae and Thelephoraceae) in the area indicated are listed. To the authors'knowledge, the termites are the first recorded from woody fungi in North America. The larvae of Tinea and Metalectra (Lepidoptera) are definitely associated with fungi. The ants are general foragers and are not particularly associated with fungi.
TL;DR: Underwood and Schult as mentioned in this paper reported correlations as high as nineties between measures of verbal learning and pronounceability, p', ratings of the learned items, and concluded that an astonishingly large proportion of the variance is accounted for by the pronounceability dimension.
Abstract: Underwood and Schult (1960) report correlations as high as nineties between measures of verbal learning and pronounceability, p', ratings of the learned items. They comment (p. ;47) "Clearly an astonishingly large proportion of the variance is accounted for by the pronounceability dimension." Since the potential usefulness of p' in assessing verbal items for learning experiments is in part a function of the reliability of the ratings, one purpose of this st~~dy was to obtain three different reliability estimates of p'. Underwood and Schulz (1960) also report a correlation of .78 between mean p' ratings of some nonsense syllables and corresponding m' values of Noble, Stockwell, and Pryer ( 1957). Badia, Rosenberg, and Langer ( 1965) report p' ratings to be as effective as m' values in accounting for differences in mean trials to criterion on a serial learning task involving high and low m' CVCs. A second purpose, therefore, was to obtain two independent estimates of the correlation of m' and p' so as to have a be:ter basis for estimating the degree of correlation. METHOD
TL;DR: Can the FTC gain greater compliance with existing provisions of the Robinson-Patman Amendment through education, guidance, and advice? as discussed by the authors describes how the Commission seeks to gain voluntariness through education and guidance.
Abstract: Can the FTC gain greater compliance with existing provisions of the Robinson-Patman Amendment through education, guidance, and advice? This article describes how the Commission seeks to gain volunt...