DST Systems

About: DST Systems is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 1341 authors who have published 1336 publications receiving 25018 citations.

Overview of selected infectious disease risks for the corporate traveler.

Abstract: International business travel to under-developed and developing countries has increased considerably over the past two decades. Most of these destinations are endemic to a variety of infectious diseases, many of which are associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, or both and the nonimmune, unprepared corporate traveler is at risk. Comprehensive pretravel consultation is essential to prevent travel-related illness. This review addresses some of the infectious diseases that can be acquired during international travel, including regions of endemicity, assessment of risk, and available means of prevention. In addition, we discuss data concerning current practices and attitudes of travelers, along with some of the issues surrounding the counseling of corporate travelers.

Using occupancy models to assess the effectiveness of underwater cameras to detect rare stream fishes

Abstract: Many conservation efforts for freshwater fishes have been undertaken; however, continuing the monitoring of both the distribution and the abundance of species to determine the effectiveness of these actions can be difficult. As species increase in rarity, they are more difficult to detect in the field, making inferences on occupancy less reliable. Conventional sampling methods, such as electrofishing and seining, require the physical handling of rare fishes, which may cause stress and mortality and, consequently, compromise conservation goals and limit monitoring programmes. Non‐invasive surveillance methods, including underwater video, are playing an increasingly important role. In this study, occupancy models were used to estimate the detection probability of underwater cameras as an alternative to the conventional sampling methods for rare stream fishes. Redside dace (Clinostomus elongatus), a small minnow listed as Endangered, was used as a model organism for rarity. A total of 69 historical redside dace sites were sampled using three sampling methods to determine the effect of gear type on detecting and identifying the habitat preferences of this rare minnow. On average, using multiple underwater cameras is as effective at detecting a rare minnow as conventional sampling methods (backpack electrofisher and seine) and causes no harm. The detection probability of both underwater cameras and backpack electrofishing were adversely affected by turbidity, whereas seining was positively affected by stream velocity. The probability of occupancy of redside dace is driven by open channels and sediment size, and this provides a strong basis for informing stream restoration projects. The use of multiple underwater cameras over conventional sampling methods is recommended when sampling for rare and endangered minnows in systems with low turbidity.

Desafios operacionais persistentes determinam a não redução da transmissão materno-infantil do HIV

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Determinar os obstaculos a efetiva reducao da transmissao materno-infantil do HIV em Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ). METODOS: Estudo de coorte, com acompanhamento medico de gestantes com diagnostico confirmado de infeccao pelo HIV e de seus bebes, atendidos no Servico Municipal de Atendimento Especializado de Doencas Sexualmente Transmissiveis e AIDS, no periodo de janeiro de 2004 a abril de 2007; coleta de informacoes relativas as variaveis de exposicao e desfecho a partir dos prontuarios; determinacao de frequencias das variaveis e analise bivariada entre os fatores de exposicao e o desfecho; calculo de riscos relativos de transmissao materno-infantil do HIV associados as variaveis de exposicao, com intervalo de confianca de 95%; e avaliacao de significância estatistica de associacoes de risco. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 78 binomios, sendo de 7,7% a taxa de transmissao materno-infantil do HIV. As variaveis que mostraram associacoes estatisticamente significantes com a transmissao materno-infantil do HIV foram: a nao utilizacao de antirretrovirais para profilaxia ou tratamento na gestacao (RR = 21,00; IC95% 2,64-166,74, p = 0,001); e o diagnostico materno apos a gestacao (RR = 6,80; IC95% 1,59-29,17, p = 0,025). Novas gestacoes em mulheres com outros filhos ja expostos ao HIV ocorreram em 19,12% dos casos. CONCLUSOES: Nao houve reducao da taxa de transmissao materno-infantil do HIV no periodo de 2004-2007 em relacao ao trienio anterior. Foram caracterizados como obstaculos determinantes desta nao reducao: a baixa cobertura pela testagem anti-HIV no pre-natal, impossibilitando tratamento ou profilaxia materna eficiente; e o uso incorreto do teste rapido na admissao para o parto.