Showing papers by "École Normale Supérieure published in 1976"
TL;DR: In this paper, an action containing only vierbein and Rarita-Schwinger fields is presented together with supersymmetry transformations for these fields, and the action is explicitly shown to be invariant.
Abstract: As a new approach to supergravity, an action containing only vierbein and Rarita-Schwinger fields (${V}_{a\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$) is presented together with supersymmetry transformations for these fields. The action is explicitly shown to be invariant except for a ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{5}$ term in its variation. This term may also vanish, depending on a complicated calculation. (Added note: This term has now been shown to vanish by a computer calculation, so that the action presented here does possess full local supersymmetry.)
809 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a possible way to construct supersymmetric theories which could be considered as realistic, excepted that the problem of mass generation for electron, muon and quarks remains.
450 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new algebra combining supersymmetry and internal symmetry is presented, combining a massless vector hypermultiplet with an isodoublet of left-handed Dirac spinors and a complex scalar.
365 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the (infinite-dimensional) supersymmetry algebra in 1 + 1 space-time dimension is extended in order to incorporate, in a non-trivial way, an internal symmetry.
357 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the n -point amplitudes of the U(1) string model with a U (1) colour symmetry were analyzed in detail and it was shown that the critical dimension of this model is D = 2.
312 citations
TL;DR: A rotatable support with a plurality of successive, continguous molds arranged thereon, for rotation therewith, has been used for molding hollow bodies from plastic material by blow extrusion as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Apparatus for molding hollow bodies from plastic material by blow extrusion has a rotatable support with a plurality of successive, continguous molds arranged thereon, for rotation therewith. Each of the molds has a blowing device and an ejector associated therewith and arranged in the bottom portion of the mold preceeding the associated mold.
291 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a new procedure for non-linear estimation is proposed, which is better than the usual best linear estimation, and necessitates less prerequisites than the conditional expectation.
Abstract: In this paper, a new procedure for non linear estimation is proposed: it is better than the usual best linear estimation, and necessitates less prerequisites than the conditional expectation.
287 citations
TL;DR: Three active molecular forms of AChE from rat muscle are solubilized and the presence of one of these forms (EP form, apparent sedimentation coefficient: 16 s) is confirmed uniquely at the motor end‐plate regions of several skeletal muscles.
Abstract: – We have solubilized three active molecular forms of AChE from rat muscle and have confirmed the presence of one of these forms (EP form, apparent sedimentation coefficient: 16 s) uniquely at the motor end-plate regions of several skeletal muscles. This form was never detected in smooth muscle extracts. In sternocleidomastoidian muscle it disappeared after denervation and reappeared after re-innervation in the region where nerve and muscle had come in contact. During the embryonic development of hind leg muscles the EP form appeared on the 14th or 15th day of gestation.
The EP form of muscle AchE appears to be an excellent biochemical marker of the neuromuscular junction.
230 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a more precise definition of path integrals is presented, which leads to additional potential terms in the action as compared to the formal treatment, and the consequences of these results on the path integral collective coordinate method on the one-soliton sector example are investigated.
226 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an exact vortex solution for the Abelian Higgs model is found when a particular relation between the coupling constants is satisfied, and power-series expansions and asymptotic expressions for the solution are obtained.
Abstract: An exact vortex solution for the Abelian Higgs model is found when a particular relation between the coupling constants is satisfied. For this case (in which the masses of the scalar and vector bosons are the same), we decouple the classical field equations and solve them. We obtain power-series expansions and asymptotic expressions for the solution. The values of the fields are explicitly calculated for a one-quantum-of-flux solution, and bounds are established for the $n$-quanta case. Finally, we discuss the field form factors.
217 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, it is known that the simple and appealing model: variable = deterministic drift + random fluctuation stumbles on the problem of identification of the underlying covariance or variogram.
Abstract: The major difficulty with non stationary phenomena is the estimation of parameters. It is known that the simple and appealing model: variable = deterministic drift + random fluctuation stumbles on the problem of identification of the underlying covariance or variogram.
TL;DR: The spinor dual model is locally supersymmetric not only in the two-dimensional surface spanned by the string, but also with respect to the embedding space-time.
TL;DR: Two active molecular forms of AChE from rat brain and compared them to the molecular forms solubilized from rat muscle are compared, finding the molecular form in brain which seems to be specific to the muscle endplate region.
Abstract: — We have solubilized two active molecular forms of AChE from rat brain and compared them to the molecular forms solubilized from rat muscle. One of these forms, in muscle, as well as in brain, is easy to solubilize without detergent (ES form–apparent sedimentation coefficient without detergent: 4.6s); the other is hard to solubilize and we obtained a nearly total solubilization only in the presence of detergent (HS form–apparent sedimentation coefficient in presence of detergent: 10.3s). These two molecular forms are glycoprotein in nature. They interact with detergent (Triton X-100), as demonstrated by a comparison of their hydrodynamic parameters (determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and molecular filtration) in the presence and absence of detergent. In the absence of detergent, their molecular weights are 115,000 for the ES form and 435,000 for the HS form. We did not find the molecular form in brain which seems to be specific to the muscle endplate region. at any stage of its development (EP form–solubilized by detergent–apparent s value in presence of detergent: 16.2s).
During development or maturation of the rat brain, the relative proportion of the HS form to the ES form increases; its absolute amount also increases (by more than a factor of 7 during the first month after birth). The ES form seems to be established at its adult level at the time of birth, before the large increase in the HS form. The proportion of each form in the adult rat brain remains constant: 90% of the total activity is represented by the HS form.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that classical solutions of an Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs system exist such that space-time is the direct product of the Minkowski space by a compact internal space of constant curvature.
TL;DR: The relatively fast reversibility of the intermediate stage of the reaction and the rather slow but, in the end, complete reversal of the toxin effects suggest that the toxin acts by modifying the energy profile for the transition "inactivation gate in the open configuration to inactivation Gate in the closed configuration."
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the mechanisms of influence involved in the two functionally opposed phenomena of innovation and conformity, and found that behavioural consistency is the main factor behind the influence exerted by both majority and minority.
Abstract: This experimental study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms of influence involved in the two functionally opposed phenomena of innovation and conformity. We have been concerned for several years with the former of these two phenomena because of its intrinsic importance and the limited amount of research devoted to it.
In the present article we have attempted not only to analyse the position more thoroughly, but also to compare the effects of innovation with those of conformity. In particular, we have endeavoured to show that behavioural style acts as a general source of influence in the two phenomena under consideration, where manifest judgments are concerned. On the other hand, the latent effects of influence may be different in the two cases of innovation and conformity.
To investigate these questions, we developed an experimental design consisting of three parts. The first part was intended to study manifest influence on a quasi-physical judgment based on a cultural truism. The second part was aimed at the study of latent modifications in the perceptual-cognitive code as a result of influence. The third, in the form of a postexperimental questionnaire, was intended to provide information about various aspects, including the perception of the agent of influence by subjects. The main function of the experimental manipulations was to vary the minority or majority relationship of the agent of influence within a group, and its behavioural style, consistent or inconsistent.
Our main findings indicate that behavioural consistency is the main factor behind the influence exerted by both majority and minority. But whereas, in conformity, influence is limited to modifying manifest judgments, in innovation, it changes the perceptual-cognitive code underlying such judgments.
TL;DR: An easily prepared affinity column for acetylcholinesterase is described, which may be operated at ionic strength high enough to prevent aggregation of the asymmetric forms of the enzyme.
Abstract: An easily prepared affinity column for acetylcholinesterase is described, which may be operated at ionic strength high enough to prevent aggregation of the asymmetric forms of the enzyme. Specific elution by tetraethylammonium or decamethonium was quantitative. The performance of this column is comparable to that of the column described by Dudai and Silman.
It is shown that the hexyl “spacer arm” strongly participates in the enzyme binding and that its replacement with the more hydrophilic spermine chain lowers the affinity. The hexyl chain itself is shown to bind acetylcholinesterase, although with lower affinity and capacity than the complete column. This binding is also partly reversed by inhibitors. Such hydrophobic columns bind the native asymmetric forms of the enzyme more strongly than the lytic globular ones.
The aromatic quaternary ligand inhibits Electrophorus but not Torpedo acetylcholinesterase; therefore the column does not retain the Torpedo enzyme. Differences in Km between acetylcholinesterases of the two species also point to differences in their active sites.
TL;DR: In this article, dual string models with non-Abelian colour and flavour symmetries are investigated, and it is shown that the particles of the spectrum, which are colour singlets, are classified according to representations of a flavour group SU(2), and the model turns out to contain ghosts independently of the value of the space-time dimension.
TL;DR: In the dual spinor model, a four-dimensional formalism is obtained by compactifying six of the directions, implying the existence of an SU(4) symmetry as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the crystalline field on the Kondo effect of compounds with cerium is studied in the framework of an effective Hamiltonian which describes the resonant scattering character of cerium and which takes into account combined spin and orbit exchange scattering.
Abstract: The influence of the crystalline field on the Kondo effect of compounds with cerium is studied in the framework of an effective Hamiltonian which describes the resonant scattering character of cerium and which takes into account combined spin and orbit exchange scattering. The third-order perturbation-theory thermoelectric power is computed exactly in the case of two levels split by the crystalline field. The model is applied to the thermoelectric-power measurements of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$ and the agreement with experiment is good, especially for low cerium concentration.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the kinetics of the dissolution of a sanidine in CO2-charged water at 200°C as a function of the surface area s and of the time t.
TL;DR: In this article, the extension of Nash's bargaining solution to differential games is discussed and it is shown that a closed-loop solution verifies very stringent necessary conditions and that an openloop solution can present serious weakness from a normative point of view.
Abstract: The extension of Nash's bargaining solution to differential games is discussed. It is shown that a closed-loop solution verifies very stringent necessary conditions and that an open-loop solution can present serious weakness from a normative point of view.
TL;DR: In this paper, molecular weights for the series of six Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase forms were determined either by the sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium method or, particularly in the case of the very scarce G' and G inches forms, from their Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient values.
Abstract: Molecular weights for the series of six Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase forms have been determined either by the sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium method or, particularly in the case of the very scarce G' and G inches forms, from their Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient values. Both methods are in excellent agreement. The results provide good evidence for the model previously proposed, G inches, G' and G containing one, two and four subunits, whereas A, C and D possess, in addition to respectively one, two and three tetrameric sets of such subunits, a structural element, the tail. Although the amino acid composition of 'tailed' and globular forms did not reveal any significant feature of this element, its mass, about 100 000 daltons, could be deduced from a comparison of molecular weights for the two classes of acetylcholinesterase forms. This value is in close agreement with electron microscopic data. The tail is thought to consist of three 30 000-dalton strands.
TL;DR: In this paper, active salt deposits on glasses of albite and orthoclase composition, at normal pressure and in the temperature range 300-1000°C, were used to measure diffusion coefficients for Na, K, Rb and Cs, with activation energies ranging from 13 to 68 kcal mole−1.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Abelian and non-Abelian (Yang-Mills) spin -1 − spin 1 2 vector multiplets of global symmetry are coupled to the spin -2 − spin - 3 2 gauge multiplet of supergravity in a locally supersymmetric way.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the effects of viscosity on the decay of polystyrene in various ethylacetate-tripropionin mixtures and showed that the mean relaxation time varies according to a nonlinear law for low viscosities.
Abstract: Fluorescence anisotropy decay experiments are described for polystyrene in various ethylacetate-tripropionin mixtures. Decay curve trends agree with the proposed theoretical autocorrelation function. Study of the effects of viscosity shows that the mean relaxation time varies according to a nonlinear law for low viscosities and that the relaxation time θ, reflecting the effects of the possible departures from the motions permitted by an ideal tetrahedral lattice, obeys a law of the type: θ = α + bη. Furthermore, the effects of the direction of the fluorophore transition moment are examined.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a perturbative method for dealing with quantum fluctuations around the type of classical solution which received much attention recently, and they showed that, by going to a moving frame, we can always reduce to perturbation around a time independent classical solution, which is then analogous to the one soliton case.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the transfer function is the conditional law of blocks v inside a panel V, given the available information, and two models are proposed, which allow an approximate computation (by disjunctive kriging) of these transfer functions, and in particular of the non-conditional law of variables with non-point support.
Abstract: The transfer function is the conditional law of blocks v. inside a panel V, given the available information. Two models are proposed, which allow an approximate computation (by disjunctive kriging) of these transfer functions, and in particular of the non-conditional law of variables with non-point support (for instance, the average grade of blocks v).
TL;DR: In this article, a thermomechanical treatment such as used in TRIP steels has been applied to a high Manganese steel and tensile predeformation was carried out at 373 and 773 K. At these temperatures austenite deforms by twinning and slip, respectively.
Abstract: A thermomechanical treatment such as used in TRIP steels has been applied to a high Manganese steel. Tensile predeformation was carried out at 373 and 773 K. At these temperatures austenite deforms by twinning and slip, respectively. The mechanical behavior and the strain-induced e and α martensitic transformations have been examined. Austenite predeformation increases tensile strength and low temperature ductility. The beneficial influence of predeformation on fracture has been emphasized. It has been shown that twins or dislocation cells introduced by predeformation give rise to a higher austenite stability. The role of these defects on the growth and nucleation of e platelets has been discussed.