Showing papers by "Florida State University published in 1977"
TL;DR: A cardioexcitatory substance from ganglia of the clam Macrocallista nimbosa, formerly designated peak C, is the tetrapeptide amide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2, which is active at about 10(-8)M when assayed on molluscan muscle.
Abstract: A cardioexcitatory substance from ganglia of the clam Macrocallista nimbosa, formerly designated peak C, is the tetrapeptide amide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. Its structure was determined by the combined use of Edman dansyl degradation and tryptic digestion. The structure was confirmed by synthesis. This neuropeptide is active at about 10(-8)M when assayed on molluscan muscle.
1,026 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a history of geodynamic evolution of the Mediterranean leading to the salinity crisis is outlined, based on the 'desiccated deep-basin model' and an accurate portrayal of the crisis is presented.
Abstract: A history of geodynamic evolution of the Mediterranean leading to the salinity crisis is outlined, based on the ‘desiccated deep-basin model’. An accurate portrayal of the crisis is presented, based on data from new drilling and studies of on-land geology.
1,026 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the marginalization and conditionality arguments is presented from a Bayesian point of view and the contents of marginalization arguments are reexamined from the Bayesian perspective.
Abstract: Eliminating nuisance parameters from a model is universally recognized as a major problem of statistics. A surprisingly large number of elimination methods have been proposed by various writers on the topic. In this article we propose to critically review two such elimination methods. We shall be concerned with some particular cases of the marginalizing and the conditioning methods. The origin of these methods may be traced to the work of Sir Ronald A. Fisher. The contents of the marginalization and the conditionality arguments are then reexamined from the Bayesian point of view. This article should be regarded as a sequel to the author's three-part essay (Basu 1975) on statistical information and likelihood.
258 citations
176 citations
TL;DR: The temporal coincidence of biochemical and morphological observations suggests they are manifestations of the same process, and is consistent with the idea that the olfactory chemoreceptor neurons are perhaps unique in being able to be replaced from undifferentiated stem cells.
175 citations
TL;DR: N-terminal analysis, one round of Edman-dansyl degradation, and tryptic digesting are consistent with the identification of Macrocallista peak C as a tetrapeptide amide: Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide).
Abstract: We have purified a cardioexcitatory substance, previously designated peak C, from ganglia of the Sunray Venus clam, Macrocallista nimbosa Low concentrations (10−9 -10−8M) of this substance not only excite the isolated clam heart, but also produce tonic contractions of the isolated radula protractor muscle of the whelk, Busycon contrarium These two muscle preparations have therefore been used as a parallel bioassay for peak C Peak C is inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, has an isoelectric point greater than pH 10 and has an ultraviolet absorption spectrum similar to that of phenylalanine On thin layer chromatograms, peak C separates into two components; one of these is probably a partially oxidized form produced during purification Both components react with ninhydrin and with the Sakaguchi reagent for guanidino groups The amino acid composition of peak C is Phe200 Met081 Arg112 N-terminal analysis, one round of Edman-dansyl degradation, and tryptic digestion are consistent with the ide
171 citations
TL;DR: The results support the hypothesis that the suprachiasmatic nuclei may serve as a central neural pacemaker responsible for the generation and entrainment of a number of circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior, and that the regulation of rhythmic functions is mediated by neural efferents from the su PRS nuclei.
171 citations
TL;DR: One type of sexual selection, frequency-dependent mate selection (i.e. rare male advantage), will be considered since it has direct bearing on the present study and it only remains to establish the role of the female in choosing among competing males.
Abstract: Female choice of competing males is implicit in any discussion of sexual selection (Darwin, 1871). It is relatively easy to find evidence, either morphological or behavioral, of intermale competition, but establishing that female choice, and hence sexual selection, is operating, is usually a more difficult matter. Because females generally invest more in brood production, they are more conservative in mating, with males competing among themselves to mate with as many females as possible (Trivers, 1972). Among species, the greater the disparity in parental investment, the higher the tendency for males to be promiscuous. Hence, in species where males contribute very little to production and rearing of offspring, intermale competition and sexual selection become more intense, and behavioral and morphological manifestations of intrasexual competition are more apparent. It only remains to establish the role of the female in choosing among competing males. The number of species in which sexual selection has been shown or implicated is too great to be reviewed adequately here. The recent volume edited by Campbell (1972) will serve to acquaint the reader with examples from many taxonomic groups. One type of sexual selection, frequency-dependent mate selection (i.e. rare male advantage), will be considered since it has direct bearing on the present study. In frequency-dependent selection, females
161 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relative and cumulative impact of perceived informal as well as formal sanctions upon self-reported marijuana use for 321 randomly chosen university students and found that the strength of deterrence relationships is the same for males and females.
Abstract: A major limitation of deterrence research has been its almost exclusive concern with objectively measured formal sanctions. This paper examines the relative and cumulative impact of perceived informal as well as formal sanctions upon self-reported marijuana use for 321 randomly chosen university students. Both types of sanction are strongly and independently related to marijuana use, with the relative impact of several perceived informal sanctions proving slightly stronger than that of perceived certainty and severity of punishment. The cumulative impact of perceived informal sanctions and one type of formal sanction (perceived certainty) is found to be greater than that of either separately. We find that the strength of deterrence relationships is the same for males and females. We also discuss the need for more complex paradigms for deterrence research.
154 citations
TL;DR: The Mediterranean Sea became isolated from the world ocean in the late Miocene and underwent a ‘crisis of salinity’ during which vast deposits of evaporites were laid down in pre-existing depressions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea became isolated from the world ocean in the late Miocene and underwent a ‘crisis of salinity’ during which vast deposits of evaporites were laid down in pre-existing depressions The final connection with the Atlantic is believed now to have been the Betic Strait entering into the Mediterranean from Andalusia, Spain Although the closing of this connection, known as the Iberian Portal, is related to largescale plate movements which brought Africa into direct contact with southern Europe, its final severing may have resulted from glacial-eustatic lowering of the global ocean Further stratigraphic resolution of late Miocene sea-level and ice-volume changes is sought to verify the eustatic-fall hypothesis
149 citations
TL;DR: The demonstration that directed motor action in the pigeon is susceptible to second-order conditioning suggests a new interpretation of conditioned reinforcement in instrumental learning and indicates that S-S associations are formed in this version of the second- order conditioning experiment.
Abstract: Pigeons learned to peck a keylight (S2) when it was paired with a stimulus (S1) that already evoked keypecking. Control procedures showed that S2 acquired control over responding because it was paired with S1 and because S1 had a conditioning history, thereby supporting the claim that S2 was a second-order conditioned stimulus. Second-order conditioning occurred as rapidly when S1 was a keylight as when it was a tone. Test procedures showed that after second-order conditioning, responding to S2 was markedly debilitated by the extinction of responding to S1, indicating that the ability of S2 to evoke a response importantly depends upon the continued ability of S1 to do so. Our demonstration that directed motor action in the pigeon is susceptible to second-order conditioning suggests a new interpretation of conditioned reinforcement in instrumental learning. Our demonstration that the effectiveness of S2 depends upon the continued effectiveness of S1 indicates that S-S associations are formed in this version of the second-order conditioning experiment.
TL;DR: In this paper, a composite three dimensional structure of the monsoon depression has been constructed using five cases of 1973, where the parameters considered for compositing are wind components, temperature, relative humidity, surface pressure, cloud cover and precipitation.
Abstract: A composite three dimensional structure of the monsoon depression has been constructed using five monsoon depression cases of 1973. The parameters considered for compositing are wind components, temperature, relative humidity, surface pressure, cloud cover and precipitation. The distributions of these parameters are obtained with respect to the depression center as origin. The results indicate that the depression is an intense low pressure system with a central pressure of 990 mb. The associated circulation is very vigorous. Strongest winds of about 50 kts are noted in the southwest. The analyses of the pressure and wind fields suggest that the horizontal scale of the depression is about 1500 km. The field of temperature anomaly clearly brings out the cold core structure of the depression. The precipitation pattern shows that the rainfall rates exceeding 120 mm in 24 hrs occur to the west of the depression. The vertical cross-sections through the center of the depression of horizontal wind components indicate that the depression is confined to the lower troposphere from the surface up to 400 mb. The region ahead of the depression is characterized by strong cyclonic vorticity, convergence and upward motion. Relatively weak anticyclonic vorticity, divergence and subsidence are noted behind the depression. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1977.tb00706.x
TL;DR: Biochemicals from several sites on the body of female house mice (Mus musculus) were found to elicit 70-kHz ultrasonic calls from male mice, and it was suggested that female vaginal odours also elicit calls.
TL;DR: Origins used for replication are widely distributed at or near the beginning of S phase, but usable origins increase continuously for many hours when FdU is used to block the synthesis of thymidylate.
Abstract: CHO cells were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine after synchronization and blockage at the beginning of S phase for various intervals. The distribution of initiation sites for DNA replication and rates of chain growth were measured in autoradiographs prepared from these cells. Origins used for replication are widely distributed at or near the beginning of S phase, but usable origins increase continuously for many hours when FdU is used to block the synthesis of thymidylate. Potential origins are located about four microns apart, but in normal replication in these fibroblasts only one in 15 to 20 potential origins are used for initiation. On the other hand, when cells are held at the beginning of S phase for 12–14 h, about one-half of the potential origins are activated in part of the DNA and utilized when the cell is released from the block by supplying 3H-thymidine (10−6M). Chain growth during a short pulse decreases with time of the blockage at what appears to be a linear rate. However, cells can replicate long continuous stretches of their DNA with only 2×10−8M thymidine available in the medium for several hours when synthesis is blocked by FdU. The total amount of DNA replicated is, however, much less than when a concentration of 10−6 M thymidine is supplied for the same period. The origins which are finally used under any experimental condition appear to be a random sample of the total potential origins which are distributed in a regular repeating sequence along the DNA at about 12 kilobase intervals.
TL;DR: In this article, a general distorted-wave formalism for ionization is presented for two coordinate systems, one with the $z$ axis parallel to the direction of the incident electron and the other parallel to momentum transfer direction, and cross sections in the scattering plane are compared with experimental results and with other theoretical calculations.
Abstract: Triple-differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of helium are calculated in the distorted-wave approximation A general distorted-wave formalism for ionization is presented for two coordinate systems---one with the $z$ axis parallel to the direction of the incident electron and one with the $z$ axis parallel to the momentum-transfer direction Cross sections in the scattering plane are compared with experimental results and with other theoretical calculations Cross sections out of the scattering plane are presented and spatial symmetries are discussed
TL;DR: The stability constants for the formation of complexes between the trivalent lanthanide series of cations and a series of aminocarboxylic acid ligands are reported in this article.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the chronic high density explored in the present field study differs from temporarily crowded conditions produced in laboratory research on human crowding.
Abstract: This study investigated the relation of population size, amount of personal space, and population density to the incidence of disruptive behavior over a 3-year period in a correctional institution for male youthful offenders. Population size was significantly correlated with the number but not the rate of disciplinary violations. The total amount of personal space and the index of population density were significantly correlated with both the number and the rate of violations. A post hoc analysis showed that the incidence of uncomfortably hot days had no relation to disruptive behavior. These results are contrasted with laboratory data on human crowding reporting no relation between population density and behavior pathology. It is suggested that the chronic high density explored in the present field study differs from temporarily crowded conditions produced in laboratory research on human crowding.
TL;DR: These lipids were reproducibly fractionated into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid classes, and distinguished differences between the active microflora of oak leaves, sweet gum leaves, and pine needles were evidenced both in the rate of lipid synthesis and in the proportions of neutral lipids, Glycolipids, and phosphorus.
Abstract: Earlier studies have shown that the activity of the estuarine detrital microflora measured by various enzyme activities, muramic acid and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) content, heterotrophic potentials, and respiratory activities correlates with the incorporation of 14C and 32P into the microbial lipids. In this study, these lipids were reproducibly fractionated into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid classes. Distinct differences between the active microflora of oak leaves, sweet gum leaves, and pine needles were evidenced both in the rate of lipid synthesis and in the proportions of neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. Successional changes in the microflora of leaves incubated in a semitropical estuary, previously suggested by ATP-to-muramic acid ratios and scanning electron micrography, were reflected in changes in the proportions of 14C in major lipid classes when analyzed from the same type of detritus. Short incubation times with 14C gave lipid compositions rich in phospholipids that are typical for the faster-growing bacterial populations; longer incubation with 14C gave lipid compositions richer in neutral and glycolipids, more characteristic of slower-growing eukaryotes or morphologically more complex prokaryotes. The metabolism of the lipids of the estuarine detrital microflora was examined by a pulse-chase experiment with 14C. Glycolipids lost 14C at a rate equal to the loss of 14C of the slow component of muramic acid. Individual phospholipids lost 14C from their backbone glycerol esters at different rates.
TL;DR: It is suggested that T3 is the significant hormone in bullfrog tadpole metamorphosis since it increases significantly and has a more specific binding protein(s) in the plasma.
TL;DR: Assertion training has come into prominence as a clinical technique as mentioned in this paper, however, research has not kept pace with the growing popularity of assertion training and has not yet addressed its application in normal and psychiatric populations.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: The sensation of smell, which is elicited when odorous substances contact the receptor membranes, is perceived by the animal as a unitary experience affecting his behavior in one of two ways: attraction or withdrawal.
Abstract: The sensation of smell, which is elicited when odorous substances contact the receptor membranes, is perceived by the animal as a unitary experience affecting his behavior in one of two ways: attraction or withdrawal. However, if we study the anatomical substrate to this unitary experience which gives rise to specific behavioral responses, we find that more than one channel of sensory input is involved. The olfactory nerve itself is but one of these several channels. Each of the systems involved in odor perception is morphologically distinct having both its own peripheral distribution and discrete central projection.
TL;DR: A review and critique of previous field experimental studies of movie violence in a naturalistic setting is presented in this article, where adolescent boys are exposed to several full-length unedited commercial films in their usual environment and observed interpersonal aggression formed the basis for the dependent indices.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Few recent topics in social psychology have generated as much controversy as the impact of exposure to film and television violence on the behavior of observers Although a large number of laboratory investigations have demonstrated that viewing aggression can increase subsequent viewer aggression, skeptics have seriously questioned the generalizability of these laboratory- derived results to real-life situations The chapter reviews studies that provide a more adequate test of the effects of exposure to movie violence in a naturalistic setting Three field experiments are described in which adolescent boys are exposed to several full-length unedited commercial films in their usual environment Observations of interpersonal aggression formed the basis for the dependent indices The purpose of this approach was to overcome some of the usual problems of generalizability A brief examination of these problems and a review and critique of previous field experimental studies of movie violence are presented in the chapter
TL;DR: It is proposed that the varying physiological characteristics underlie the well-known relationship that species abundance declines from both freshwater and full seawater to a minimum between 3 and 5‰ S, which is related to physical-chemical discontinuities in the ionic composition of seawater which are, again, reflected in the physiological mechanisms of the molluscs.
Abstract: The relationship between the osmotic pressures of the blood and the ambient medium was determined for 4 species of bivalve molluscs whose habitats represent distinct salinity regimes within the range from fresh to full seawater. These organisms included 3 corbiculids: Corbicula manilensis (freshwater); Polymesoda caroliniana (brackish-water); Pseudocyrena floridana (marine) and 1 unionid: Elliptio lanceolata. On the basis of the data and similar measurements from the literature, we have placed the molluscs into 5 categories: marine stenohaline, marine euryhaline, oligohaline, fresh-water euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline. Marine stenohaline and euryhaline species are osmoconformers. They differ only in the size of the free amino acid pool available for intracellular volume regulation, and thus in the range of salinities that they tolerate. Oligohaline species tolerate salinities from seawater down to freshwater; they not only possess a large capacity for volume regulation, but can also osmoregulate below 3‰ S. Freshwater species also osmoregulate below 3‰ S, but they are usually limited to salinities below 2‰. Presumably, in evolving from the marine to the freshwater habit, they have lost the ability to volume-regulate in response to hyperosmotic stress. We propose that the varying physiological characteristics underlie the well-known relationship that species abundance declines from both freshwater and full seawater to a minimum between 3 and 5‰ S. We have related this species minimum to physical-chemical discontinuities in the ionic composition of seawater which are, again, reflected in the physiological mechanisms of the molluscs.
TL;DR: In this article, the free energy, enthalpy and entropy of aminocarboxylate ligands are reported for a series of amINOCarboxyates.
TL;DR: Effects of supervisor approval on staff- resident interactions were investigated in a state retardation center for multihandicapped persons and showed that when the unit supervisor commended and attended to staff members for interacting with residents, staff-resident interactions increased 25 to 50% above baseline rates.
TL;DR: The results suggest that drinking rhythms are controlled by neural efferents from the suprachiasmatic nuclei that appear to be anatomically different from those regulating hormonal rhythms of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system.
TL;DR: Estimates of the microbial mass and the rates of phospholipid synthesis suggest that the detrital microflora has a relatively slow growth rate compared to its growth potential.
Abstract: Changes in hydrolytic, respiratory,catabolic and lipid biosynthetic activities depend at least in part on successional changes in the microfloral populations of allochthonous plant litter incubated in a semi-tropical estuary. Initial colonization is by populations which have a high content of muramic acid relative to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and which are progressively displaced by a microflora with a lower ratio of muramic acid to ATP. Scanning electron micrography of the plant-litter microflora shows a succession of forms, with an initial bacterial colonization and its progressive displacement by more complex forms. Estimates of the microbial mass and the rates of phospholipid synthesis suggest that the detrital microflora has a relatively slow growth rate compared to its growth potential.