Showing papers by "Fu Jen Catholic University published in 1995"

Predictive Equations for Basal Metabolic Rate in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Validation Study

Abstract: Objective To develop predictive equations for basal metabolic rate (BMR) in healthy Chinese adults and to evaluate factors that may influence BMR. Design Measuring the BMR of Chinese adults by indirect calorimetry. Selected subjects were randomly assigned to a validation sample and a cross-validation sample. The validation sample was used to develop predictive equations that were cross-validated using the other sample. Subjects Two hundred twenty-three healthy Chinese adults (102 men and 121 women) participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 20 to 78 years old (mean=43.8±14.3 years). Measures BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. Body composition was assessed by skinfold fat thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and urinary creatinine excretion. Statistical analyses performed Student's t test, Pearson correlation coefficients, linear regression analyses, and the best subset were used for statistical analyses. Results The better-fitting equation for predicting BMR in Chinese adults is BMR=13.88 × weight (kg) + 4.16 × height (cm) − 3.43 × age (years) − 112.40 × sex (men=0; women=1) + 54.34. Men had higher BMR values than women because men had greater fat-free mass, body cell mass, and muscle mass. BMR correlated best with body composition, which correlated highly with anthropometric measurements. Therefore, accurate determination of body weight and body height are beneficial in predicting a person's BMR. All of the currently available predictive equations overestimated BMR ( P =.0001) for healthy Chinese adults. The equations developed in this study predict BMR more accurately for Chinese adults. Applications The equations developed in this study are recommended for clinical use in healthy Chinese adults who are within normal limits for body weight. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:1403-1408.

The asymptotic distribution of the process capability index Cpmk

Abstract: The main result of this paper is that under some regularity conditions, the distribution of an estimator of the process capability index Cpmk is asymptotically normal.

Simultaneous determination of preservatives, sweeteners and antioxidants in foods by paired-ion liquid chromatography

Abstract: A paired-ion, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sweeteners (dulcin, saccharin-Na and acesulfame-K), preservatives (sodium dehydroacetate, sorbic acid, salicyclic acid, benzoic acid, succinic acid, methyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, ethylpara-hydroxybenzoic acid, n-propyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, isopropyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, n-butyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, and isobutyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid), and antioxidants (3-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and tertiary-butyl-hydroquinone). A mobile phase of acetonitrile-50 mM aqueous α-hydroxy-isobutyric acid solution (pH 4.5) (2.2 ∶ 3.4 or 2.4 ∶ 3.6, v/v) containing 2.5 mM hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and a C18 column with a flow rate at 1.0 mL/min and detection at 233 nm were used. This method was found to be very reproducible with detection limits ranged from 0.15 to 3.00 μg. The retention factor (k) of each additive could be affected by concentrations of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, and pH and ratio of mobile phase. The presence of additives in some food samples was determined.

Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of 4-Formyl-4'-N,N-dimethylamino-1,1'-biphenyl: The unusual red edge effect and efficient laser generation.

Abstract: The synthesis and photophysics of 4-formyl-4′-N,N-dimethylamino-1,1′-biphenyl are reported. The emission spectrum in various solvent polarities demonstrates solvatochromism, indicating that the fluorescence originates from an electronically excited species with a strong charge transfer character. The change in Δ $$\tilde v$$ [ $$\tilde v$$ max(absorption) − $$\tilde v$$ max(emission)] varies from ∼1500 cm−1 inn-heptane to as much as ∼7500 cm−1 in acetonitrile. In protic solvents, the unusual excitation energy-dependent steady-state emission (red edge effect), resulting from solvent dielectric relaxation, was observed in media with a low viscosity. The large Stokes-shifted and high-yield fluorescence led to the observation of the efficient lasing action. The frequency tunability of the laser output is strongly solvent dependent, generating a new charge transfer laser dye in the blue-green region.

Shaft torsional oscillation of induction machine including saturation and hysteresis of magnetizing branch with an inertia load

Abstract: This paper describes the torsional oscillation phenomenon occurring in a multiple winding induction machine. It includes the effects of nonlinearity and component interactions between driver and inertia load through mass spring coupling system under starting transient disturbance. The model fidelity is evaluated from the foreseen torsional torque of the motor driving system by several excitation sources. Steady state and transient analysis are presented to show the significant influence of the magnetizing branch nonlinearity on the torque oscillation for an induction machine with sinusoidal or pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter excitation to drive inertia load. Simulation results and fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) analysis demonstrate that not only can the torsional oscillation amplitude be reduced, but the system dynamic performance is also improved through a multiple terminal inverter feeding with proper displacement angle between stator winding sets. In addition, starting process analysis shows that the torsional oscillation components can be substantially reduced by the selected starting methods with proper switching coordination. The risk of premature component failure due to the excess of the designed limit for dynamic torsional stresses can also be diminished.

Least squares order-recursive lattice smoothers

Abstract: Conventional least squares order-recursive lattice (LSORL) filters use present and past data values to estimate the present value of a signal. This paper introduces LSORL smoothers which use past, present and future data for that purpose. Except for an overall delay needed for physical realization, LSORL smoothers can substantially outperform LSORL filters while retaining all the advantages of an order-recursive structure. >

Stereoselective Synthesis and Diels‐Alder Reactions of (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,2‐bis(Phenylthio)‐1,3‐Butadiene

Abstract: Bromination of 3-phenylthio-2-sulfolene (2) with N-bromosuccinimide gave 2-bromo-3-phenylthio-2-sulfolene (3) which was converted mainly to 2,3-bis(phenylthio)-2-sulfolene (4) by treatment with sodium phenylthiolate. Thermal desulfonylation of 4 at different temperatures in the presence of a base (DBU) yielded stereoselectively the (Z)- and (E)-1,2-bis(phenylthio)-1,3-butadiene (6). These two geometric isomers could be thermally interconverted. The Diels-Alder reactions of 6 were also investigated. Only the (Z)-diene 6a could undergo the Diels-Alder reaction; the (E)-diene 6b was in situ converted to the Z isomer before undergoing (he Diels-Alder reaction. The reaction of 6a with N-phenylmaleimide gave the cycloaddition product 7 with complete endo selectivity, but under daylight or during chromatography it readily underwent a thioallylic rearrangement to yield 8 with inversion of configuration. The cycloaddition of 6a with methyl acrylate proceeded regiospecifically, but generating a mixture of endo and exo isomers. The endo/exo ratio could be increased by using ZnCl2 as the catalyst.

Study of the optical properties of In0.52(AlxGa1−x)0.48As by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry

Abstract: The optical properties of In0.52(AlxGa1−x)0.48As epilayers with various x values were systematically studied using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry in the wavelength range of 310–1700 nm. The refractive indexes were determined and could be given as n(x)=0.12x2–0.51x+3.6 at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. The measured thickness of the epilayers agrees within 5.2% of the nominal thickness. The energies and broadening parameters of the E1 and E1+Δ1 transitions as a function of Al composition were also examined based on the second‐derivative spectra of the dielectric function. The comparison between the results and the reported data is presented.

Scheduling dependent real-time multimedia tasks on distributed systems

Abstract: Complex real-time multimedia systems are usually distributed. In this paper, scheduling periodic dependent real-time multimedia tasks on distributed systems is considered. The aim is to find a schedule to guarantee the Quality Of Services (QOS) of the application. Multimedia Task Graph (MTG) model is used to capture characteristics of multimedia applications. Based on the MTG representation and scheduling schemes, different deadlines and synchronization methods are investigated. Multimedia task allocating and scheduling algorithms are developed. Five algorithms are compared on the system reward value, the number of processors required, the average response time, and the execution time of the algorithm.

Separation of Chinese characters from graphics

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a robust algorithm to separate Chinese characters from line drawings. This approach is based on the clustering of all feature points in the images. Using our algorithm, all Chinese characters can be completely separated from graphics without regard to the size, orientation and location of Chinese characters even if the characters touching or overlapping line problem occurs. Experiments show that our algorithm can be applied to both geographical information systems and forms processing.

Temperature dependent Raman scattering in CsTiOAsO4 single crystal

Abstract: The longitudinal (LO) and transverse (TO) A 1 vibrational modes have been measured between 30-1200 cm −1 as a function of temperature (30–1240 K) for CsTiOAsO 4 (CTA). The frequencies for all corresponding Raman components shifted to lower frequencies on increasing the temperature, however, there is no typical soft-mode like behavior observed in the measured frequency range. The relative intensities of the low frequency bands increase dramatically with increasing temperature due to high mobility of Cs + ion. A higher symmetry structure taking place above 940K has been confirmed by changes in the phonon spectra.