Showing papers by "Geelong Football Club published in 2000"
TL;DR: This paper explored the association between "multi-type maltreatment" and adjustment and found that a large degree of overlap was reported in the experience of the five types of maltreatment and that greater adjustment problems were associated with reports of a larger number of different maltreatment types.
Abstract: Multi-type maltreatment refers to the experience of more than one form of child maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect and witnessing family violence). Researchers have largely ignored the presence of other types of child abuse and neglect when examining the adjustment problems associated with a particular form of maltreatment. The association between "multi-type maltreatment" and adjustment was explored in the current study. Retrospective data were obtained on (a) the degree to which maltreatment types co-occurred, (b) childhood family characteristics and (c) adjustment problems in adulthood in an Australian self-selected community sample (N=175). As hypothesized, a large degree of overlap was reported in the experience of the five types of maltreatment. Family characteristics - particularly family cohesion and adaptability - discriminated between respondents reporting single-type and multi-type maltreatment. Greater adjustment problems were associated with reports of a larger number of different maltreatment types. Multi-type maltreatment should be recognized as a crucial aspect of the nature and impact of child maltreatment and considered in the development of programmes for the prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Child Abuse Review, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by John Wiley and Sons) Child Abuse Victim Child Sexual Abuse Victim Child Victim Childhood Experience Childhood Victimization Child Abuse Effects Sexual Assault Effects Sexual Assault Victim Child Sexual Abuse Effects Psychological Victimization Effects Long-Term Effects Child Physical Abuse Effects Child Physical Abuse Victim Adult Survivor Adult Adjustment Victim Adjustment Emotional Adjustment Child Emotional Abuse Victim Child Emotional Abuse Effects Child Neglect Victim Child Neglect Effects Child Witness Witnessing Spouse Abuse Witnessing Violence Effects Spouse Abuse Effects Partner Violence Violence Against Women Children of Battered Women Interparental Violence 08-00
256 citations
TL;DR: Transplacental infection as a possible mode of transmission of the HeV virus in fruit bats and other animals was investigated, indicated by positive immunostaining in two placentas and confirmed by isolation of virus from one of the associated fetuses.
161 citations
TL;DR: A multiplex PCR of IS900 loci (MPIL) typing method was developed which was able to discriminate 10 different types of M. paratuberculosis from the panel of 81 isolates with consistent differences between those of bovine and ovine origin.
Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a pathogen that causes chronic inflammation of the intestine in many animals, including primates, and is implicated in Crohn’s disease in humans. It differs from other members of the M. avium complex in having 14–18 copies of IS900 inserted into conserved loci in its genome. In the present study, genomic DNA flanking 14 of these insertions was characterized and homologues in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium genomes were identified. These included regions encoding a sigma factor (sigJ) at locus 3, a nitrate reductase (nirA) at locus 4, a transcription regulator (tetR) and polyketide synthase at locus 6, and a 6-O-methylguanine methyltransferase at locus 9. In addition, locus numbers were assigned to 9 of 15 RFLP bands previously described. IS900 insertion at 7 of the 14 characterized loci was into the RBS of a gene substituting an RBS encoded by IS900 sited two bases closer to the initiation codon. IS900 insertion at five loci interrupted an ORF at the target site, one of which encoded a homologue of the immunodominant mycobacterial DesA1 protein. Eleven of eighty-one M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates lacked the insertion site at locus 6 together with flanking genomic DNA. This region was also absent from seven reference strains of M. avium subsp. avium, from one M. avium subsp. silvaticum and from six other mycobacterial species. A multiplex PCR of IS900 loci (MPIL) typing method was developed which was able to discriminate 10 different types of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from the panel of 81 isolates with consistent differences between those of bovine and ovine origin. Nine MPIL types corresponded with a single PstI/BstEII RFLP type, suggesting that this method may be applicable to typing of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis directly from a sample without the need for culture. The remaining MPIL type corresponded with seven PstI/BstEII RFLP types. Further resolution of these may come from sequencing the remaining four uncharacterized IS900 loci.
138 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that wobble board training can improve discrimination of discrete ankle inversion movements, an effect interpreted as enabling greater accuracy in the making of inverted movements in foot preparation prior to ground contact.
68 citations
TL;DR: Exposure to oral contraceptives may be associated with higher lumbar spine bone mineral density, and this association was associated with increased duration of exposure, with a mean increase associated with the first 5 years and a further 0.2% with >/=5 years of exposure.
59 citations
TL;DR: Observations suggest that avipox vectors co-expressing IFNgamma should be further evaluated as therapeutic or preventive HIV-1 vaccines.
45 citations
TL;DR: This report demonstrates that DNA vaccination with the gene encoding gp55 can provide protective immunity with inoculation of two doses of 25 microg DNA or a single shot of 200 microg.
39 citations
TL;DR: Chickens treated with rFAV-ChIFN-gamma showed increased weight gains compared to controls and suffered reduced weight loss when challenged with the coccidial parasite Eimeria acervulina.
Abstract: A fowl adenovirus serotype 8 (FAV-8) recombinant was constructed by inserting an expression cassette consisting of the FAV major late promoter/splice leader sequences (MLP/SL), the chicken interferon-gamma (ChIFN-gamma) gene and SV40 polyA into sites in the right hand end of the FAV-8 genome. One recombinant (A3-13) was constructed by an insertion of ChIFN-gamma into a 1.3 kilobase pair (kbp) deletion which removed a putative open reading frame (ORF) with identity to the CELO (FAV serotype 1) 36 kDa homologue. A second recombinant (S4) removed a further 0.9 kbp and a third recombinant (AA1) was constructed in a small 50 base pair (bp) SpeI deletion. The recombinants displayed differing growth characteristics in CK monolayers. A3-13 grew slowly and only attained a titre of 10(5) pfu/ml, S4 had intermediate growth and AA1 showed wild type growth kinetics. These differing growth properties indicated that removal of the 36 kDa homologue had an effect on growth in vitro. Supernatants from CK monolayers infected with the recombinant virus were assayed for the production of ChIFN-gamma. Detectable levels of ChIFN-gamma were observed in supernatants as early as 24 h post infection (p.i.), peaked at 48 h p.i. and this level was maintained for at least 10 days. The level of production of ChIFN-gamma correlated with each recombinant's growth characteristics in vitro. Chickens treated with rFAV-ChIFN-gamma showed increased weight gains compared to controls and suffered reduced weight loss when challenged with the coccidial parasite Eimeria acervulina.
38 citations
TL;DR: The chimeric antigen detected eight more positives than NS4N alone and gave increased immunoreactivity with others when used to screen 35 individual HCV‐positive sera by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Abstract: A novel method for cloning DNase I fragments into bacteriophage display vector fUSE2 was used to create libraries expressing hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein fragments on the phage surface. Selection by panning with a mixture of sera from five HCV-seropositive individuals enabled identification of antigenic determinants in NS3 (amino acids 1,383-1,415), NS4 (amino acids 1, 930-1,938), and NS5 (amino acids 2,088-2,104). The NS3 result is the most accurate location to date of a major conformational determinant that cannot be mimicked by short peptides. Any expressed sequence from the phage library can be excised with Bgl II and cloned directly into the Bgl II site of an appropriate plasmid for bacterial expression. This enables production of chimeric proteins containing multiple antigenic determinants, illustrated by co-expression of the NS4P (amino acids 1,930-1,938) epitope with an NS4N fragment (amino acids 1,644-1,812) containing at least three linear HCV epitopes. When used to screen 35 individual HCV-positive sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the chimeric antigen detected eight more positives than NS4N alone and gave increased immunoreactivity with others. This approach of identifying antigenic regions by phage display and then co-expressing them as chimeric proteins may be generally applicable to the production of improved diagnostic antigens and recombinant vaccines.
37 citations
TL;DR: Both social epidemiology and quality of life measures need to be gendered and differentiated to fully capture the diversity of women's and men's health experiences.
Abstract: The addition of social indicators and quality of life measures to the raft of traditional health indicators used to assess health and well-being has certainly provided a much-needed contextual understanding of health outcomes. However, most quality of life measures remain undifferentiated by gender. Outcomes can be disaggregated along age, class, ethnic, racial and gender dimensions but few quality of life measures (or social indicators for that matter) are sensitive to the subtle effects of gender socialization on health and well-being. Both social epidemiology and quality of life measures need to be gendered and differentiated to fully capture the diversity of women’s and men’s health experiences.
37 citations
TL;DR: Methodologies were developed for investigation in situ in water of both the surface topography and the characteristics of the lipid layer, and longitudinal surface texturing was resolved in images of wool fibre surfaces in air and after exposure to water.
TL;DR: A rolling process has been developed to produce ultrafine ferrite in the surface layers of steel strip Microscopic examination of the rolled steel revealed that the ultrafine Ferrite formed by mea
Abstract: A rolling process has been developed to produce ultrafine ferrite in the surface layers of steel strip Microscopic examination of the rolled steel revealed that the ultrafine ferrite formed by mea
TL;DR: The fibroblast and epithelial cell lines exhibited significant inhibitory activity on E. tenella replication after pre-treatment with recombinant chicken IFN-gamma, but were less sensitive than when treated with REV supernatant.
TL;DR: From atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APcI) tandem mass spectral identifications and collision induced studies, dynamic changes in product-ion equilibria in the IMS drift region compensated by differences in collision cross sections were suggested as the governing causes of the unusual mobility effect.
Abstract: The ion mobility (IMS) spectra of the alkanolamines, monoethanolamine (MEA), 3-amino-1-propanol (PRA), 4-amino-1-butanol (BUA), and 5-amino-1-pentanol (PEA) with acetone and 4-heptanone reagent gases have been measured using a hand-held spectrometer. Monomer and dimer peak patterns were observed for all the alkanolamines with acetone reagent gas. Drift times of monomer and dimer ion clusters for each alkanolamine increased linearly in order of size of alkyl group. Ammonia, Freon 22, and F76 diesel vapors, having similar or coincident mobilities, caused severe interference. Replacement of acetone with 4-heptanone reagent gas resulted in good separation by the altering drift times of product ions. The limit of detection was 0.005 ppm having a linear range of 0.005-0.7 ppm, and signal saturation occurred above 0.88 ppm. Detection was reversible, with a response time of 4 min and a slower recovery time of > 60 min, at vapor levels of 0.7 ppm and ambient nozzle and drift-region temperatures. In contrast to acetone chemistry, single-peak patterns were observed for the alkanolamines with the 4-heptanone reagent. Further, drift times unexpectedly remained stagnant with increasing alkyl-group size. From atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APcI) tandem mass spectral identifications and collision induced studies, dynamic changes in product-ion equilibria in the IMS drift region compensated by differences in collision cross sections were suggested as the governing causes of the unusual mobility effect.
TL;DR: Within many Anglophone nation states, there is a significant debate about the future of public education and its ongoing capacity to provide quality education as discussed by the authors, and the new knowledge economy not only challenges the position of educators as the primary producers, disseminators and authorizers of what is valued knowledge, but also requires them to prepare students for new ways of working with that knowledge.
Abstract: Within many Anglophone nation states there is significant debate about the future of public education and its ongoing capacity to provide quality education. The new knowledge economy not only challenges the position of educators as the primary producers, disseminators and authorizers of what is valued knowledge, but also requires them to prepare students for new ways of working with that knowledge. In the service economies of post-industrial Western nations, 'knowledge work' is critical to national productivity and international competitiveness. At the same time, the globalization logic suggests that the nation state is under threat, and therefore its role as provider of universal services such as education is also threatened.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the application of this research method in an unstructured form is where greater insights and more current knowledge of administrative practice can be gained, and when administrative practice is conceptualised as an iceberg it becomes clear that much of this knowledge was derived through the application in the research method structured observational studies.
Abstract: Understandings of administrative practice do not seem to reflect the current status of administrative practice, and when administrative practice is conceptualised as an iceberg it becomes clear that much of this knowledge was derived through the application of the research method structured observational studies. However, argues that the application of this research method in an unstructured form is where greater insights and more current knowledge of administrative practice can be gained.
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that, using a polyoma virus-based system of replication, 10-fold less DNA expressing the haemagglutinin gene of influenza virus, was required to stimulate a humoral immune response, compared to an equivalent non-replicating vaccine, suggesting that the use of replicating DNA vaccines in some delivery systems may enhance the effectiveness of immune responses.
TL;DR: The results indicate that six of the ENQ subsets are reliable when evaluated by therapists and parents, and three of the subsets did not achieve the necessary levels of agreement amongst therapists or between therapists andParents.