Showing papers in "Vaccine in 2000"

TL;DR: According to the remodeling theory of aging, the current data on human immunosenescence depicts a complex scenario where clonotypical immunity deteriorates, while ancestral innate/natural immunity is largely conserved or even up-regulated with age.

TL;DR: These results provide the first demonstration of a DNA vaccine inducing protective antibody titers and both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans.

TL;DR: China is now the only country in Asia where HBV endemicity is high, and future vaccination programmes must take into account the mode of transmission of HBV, the healthcare infrastructure to deliver vaccination, and the socioeconomic and political factors in each individual country to determine the most cost-effective way of infection control.

TL;DR: The incidence and severity of OM may diminish with introduction of new bacterial and viral vaccines, and selection and spread of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens arising from extensive use of antimicrobial agents for OM is a problem for management of all diseases due to the pathogens.

TL;DR: Analysis of mucosal induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IgA-producing plasma cells in the gut, as well as systemic antibody responses against a parenterally administered antigen suggests that rational Lactobacillus strain selection provides a strategy to influence cytokine expression and thereby influence immune responses.

TL;DR: In 1998, the minutes and recommendations of a meeting of experts to discuss these issues, jointly sponsored by the World Health Organization and the Children's Vaccine Initiative in Bangkok, Thailand, 13-15 October, 1998, are presented as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: According to the data, the adjuvant combination CpG DNA+alum had the greatest potential to augment immune responses with minimal side effects at the injection site.

TL;DR: The role of influenza A virus-induced inflammatory response in relation to otitis media is being discussed.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the increase in the number of "classical" mature NK and NK/T cells in aging is associated with a defective functional capacity of NK cells, supporting the role ofNK cells in the defense against infections in the elderly.

TL;DR: Despite induction of excellent CTL responses, intramuscular DNA vaccination via needle injection failed to induce detectable antigen-specific antibodies in any of the volunteers.

TL;DR: The postmarketing safety profile of varicella vaccine was evaluated by analyzing selected adverse experience reports temporally associated with the administration of the vaccine as discussed by the authors, which were 7963 reports voluntarily submitted to Merck for an overall reporting rate of 5.0 per 10000 doses of vaccine distributed.

TL;DR: The Mahidol live attenuated dengue 2 virus was tested in American volunteers and resulted in good immune response indistinguishable from those induced in Thai volunteers, found to be safe and immunogenic in both adults and children.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that priming of humans by natural exposure to S. pneumoniae contributes to the breadth of the cross-reactivity of antibody to PspA, which is found on all strains of pneumococci.

TL;DR: The isolation of the Bm95 gene from the B. microplus strain A, which was cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris producing a glycosylated and particulated recombinant protein, was effective against different tick strains in a pen trial, suggesting that Bm 95 could be a more universal antigen to protect cattle against infestations by B.microplus strains from different geographical areas.

TL;DR: The preliminary results suggest that doubling the number of hepatitis B vaccinations in HIV-infected patients might significantly improve anti-HBs response rate; however, close monitoring of anti- HBs is necessary because of its short-lived persistence.

TL;DR: Hilleman et al. as discussed by the authors presented a personal history of vaccine development from the venue of personal experience and attainment by the author, which was presented as a lecture given on August 30, 1999 and recounts, by invitation, more than five-and-half decades of vaccine research.

TL;DR: This is the first demonstration of CpG DNA in a great ape and the results have important implications for the vaccination of humans against HBV and other diseases.

TL;DR: The economic results show that in healthy adults, inactivated vaccines appear the best buy, and when safety and quality of life considerations are included, parenteral vaccines have such low effectiveness and high incidence of trivial local adverse effects that the trade-off is unfavourable.

TL;DR: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of one dose of CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine was performed in Indonesia from 1993 to 1997, finding a suggestion of protection was observed among persons with blood group O and short-term protection from a single-dose and long- term protection from two doses have yet to be studied.

TL;DR: The complete protection achieved with active immunization with VRP, as well as the unique characteristics of the VEE replicon vector, warrant further testing of the safety and efficacy of NP-VRP and GP-VRp in primates as candidate vaccines against Ebola hemorrhagic fever.

TL;DR: New knowledge is presented that allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of long-term protection following hepatitis B vaccination and the use of highly immunogenic HB vaccines in order to provide long-lasting protection against HB disease.

TL;DR: Bacterial DNA differs from vertebrate DNA in having a much higher content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, in particular, base contexts that are termed 'CpG motifs', which trigger protective immune responses which are strongly Th1-biased.

TL;DR: New semi-synthetic analogs were developed that have the adjuvanticity of quillaja saponins, yet with less toxicity and greater stability in aqueous solutions, as well as CTL production against exogenous antigens.

TL;DR: Changes in the B-cell repertoire during aging include a shift in antibody specificities from foreign to autologous antigens associated with a decline in the activity of conventional B2 compared to B1 lymphocytes and the generation of a diverse B- cell repertoire from bone marrow B- Cell precursors.

TL;DR: There has been a shift from high to medium endemicity of HAV infection throughout Latin America, which may result in more clinical cases in adolescents and adults and a greater potential for outbreaks, and the vaccination strategy for hepatitis A should be reviewed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that with mucosal delivery, there is a Th2 immunostimulatory effect associated with the phosphorothioate ODN backbone, and that the presence of CpG motifs shifts this towards a Th1 response.

TL;DR: Evidence of immunological senescence in the institutionally confined frail elderly is demonstrated by failure to induce herd immunity after vaccination, and the most convincing evidence is in rodents where dietary caloric restriction has been shown to enhance viral immunity.

TL;DR: A recombinant fowlpox vaccine with an H5 hemagglutinin gene insert protected chickens against clinical signs and death following challenge by nine different highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses and frequent optimizing of the hemag GLUTinin insert to overcome genetic drift in the vaccine may not be necessary to provide adequate field protection.

TL;DR: It is concluded that immunization with HPV6b L1 VLPs without adjuvant induces immunity to the L1 protein epitopes recognised during natural infection, and may accelerate regression of warts.

TL;DR: The ability of these adjuvants to stimulate significant responses with a poorly immunogenic recombinant protein suggests that they may have potential in developing vaccines based on synthetic peptides and subunit antigens.