Innlandet Hospital Trust

About: Innlandet Hospital Trust is a healthcare organization based out in Brumunddal, Norway. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Dementia. The organization has 387 authors who have published 1302 publications receiving 37753 citations.

Comparison between the standard and a new alternative format of the Summary-of-Findings tables in Cochrane review users: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract: Systematic reviews represent one of the most important tools for knowledge translation but users often struggle with understanding and interpreting their results. GRADE Summary-of-Findings tables have been developed to display results of systematic reviews in a concise and transparent manner. The current format of the Summary-of-Findings tables for presenting risks and quality of evidence improves understanding and assists users with finding key information from the systematic review. However, it has been suggested that additional methods to present risks and display results in the Summary-of-Findings tables are needed.

Adipotropic effects of heavy metals and their potential role in obesity.

Abstract: Epidemiological studies demonstrated an association between heavy metal exposure and the incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the particular effects of metal toxicity on adipose tissue functioning are unclear. Therefore, recent findings of direct influence of heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, and lead) and metalloid (arsenic) on adipose tissue physiology are discussed while considering existing gaps and contradictions. Here, we provide a literature review addressing adipose tissue as a potential target of heavy metal toxicity. Experimental in vivo studies demonstrated a significant influence of mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic exposure on body adiposity. In turn, in vitro experiments revealed both up- and downregulation of adipogenesis associated with aberrant expression of key adipogenic pathways, namely CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Comparison of the existing studies on the basis of dose and route of exposure demonstrated that the effects of heavy metal exposure on adipose tissue may be dose-dependent, varying from increased adipogenesis at low-dose exposure to inhibition of adipose tissue differentiation at higher doses. However, direct dose-response data are available in a single study only for arsenic. Nonetheless, both types of these effects, irrespective of their directionality, contribute significantly to metabolic disturbances due to dysregulated adipogenesis. Particularly, inhibition of adipocyte differentiation is known to reduce lipid-storage capacity of adipose tissue, leading to ectopic lipid accumulation. In contrast, metal-associated stimulation of adipogenesis may result in increased adipose tissue accumulation and obesity. However, further studies are required to reveal the particular dose- and species-dependent effects of heavy metal exposure on adipogenesis and adipose tissue functioning.

Long-term outcome of palliative treatment with self-expanding metal stents for malignant obstructions of the GI tract

Abstract: Background. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are commonly used in the palliative treatment of malignant gastrointestinal (GI) obstructions with favorable short-term outcome. Data on long-term outcome are scarce, however. Aim. To evaluate long-term outcome after palliative stent treatment of malignant GI obstruction. Method. Between October 2006 and April 2008, nine Norwegian hospitals included patients treated with SEMS for malignant esophageal, gastroduodenal, biliary, and colonic obstructions. Patients were followed for at least 6 months with respect to stent patency, reinterventions, and readmissions. Results. Stent placement was technically successful in 229 of 231 (99%) and clinically successful after 1 week in 220 of 229 (96%) patients. Long-term follow-up was available for 219 patients. Of those, 72 (33%) needed reinterventions. Stent occlusions or migrations (92%) were the most common reasons. Esophageal stents required reinterventions most frequently (41%), and had a significantly (p =...