Showing papers by "Iowa State University published in 1985"
TL;DR: Etude meta-analytique faisant le point sur la question des relations entre la satisfaction vis-a-vis du travail and la performance professionnelle as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Etude meta-analytique faisant le point sur la question des relations entre la satisfaction vis-a-vis du travail et la performance professionnelle
1,414 citations
TL;DR: The weighted least squares (WLS) method as mentioned in this paper was shown to be an appropriate way of fitting variogram models, which automatically gives most weight to early lags and down-weights those lags with a small number of pairs.
Abstract: The method of weighted least squares is shown to be an appropriate way of fitting variogram models. The weighting scheme automatically gives most weight to early lags and down-weights those lags with a small number of pairs. Although weights are derived assuming the data are Gaussian (normal), they are shown to be still appropriate in the setting where data are a (smooth) transform of the Gaussian case. The method of (iterated) generalized least squares, which takes into account correlation between variogram estimators at different lags, offer more statistical efficiency at the price of more complexity. Weighted least squares for the robust estimator, based on square root differences, is less of a compromise.
988 citations
TL;DR: The new genus and species, Oxalobacter formigenes, are inhabitants of the rumen and also of the large bowel of man and other animals where their actions in destruction of oxalic acid may be of considerable importance to the host.
Abstract: This report describes a new group of anaerobic bacteria that degrade oxalic acid. The new genus and species, Oxalobacter formigenes, are inhabitants of the rumen and also of the large bowel of man and other animals where their actions in destruction of oxalic acid may be of considerable importance to the host. Isolates from the rumen of a sheep, the cecum of a pig, and from human feces were all similar Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic rods, but differences between isolates in cellular fatty acid composition and in serologic reaction were noted. Measurements made with type strain OxB indicated that 1 mol of protons was consumed per mol of oxalate degraded to produce approximately 1 mol of CO2 and 0.9 mol of formate. Substances that replaced oxalate as a growth substrate were not found.
394 citations
TL;DR: By a process of cross‐screening of the positives from the two libraries and by molecular analysis of the En‐positive clones it was possible to identify clones in both libraries carrying all or part of the a1 gene.
Abstract: The a1 locus of Zea mays has been cloned using transposable elements as gene tags. The strategy was to make genomic libraries from maize stocks with a1 mutations induced either by En(Spm) or by Robertson's Mutator-system. These libraries were then screened with either Spm-I8 and En1, for the En-containing mutant, or with Mu1 for the Mu-induced mutation. There are many En and Mu1 hybridizing sequences present in the maize genome, however, by a process of cross-screening of the positives from the two libraries and by molecular analysis of the En-positive clones it was possible to identify clones in both libraries carrying all or part of the a1 gene.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of the major feruloyl compound was identified as O -(5- O -feruloyls-α- l -arabinofuranosyl)-(1→3)- O -β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1→4)- d -opyranose on the basis of 13 C-n.m.r.
206 citations
TL;DR: Magnetic-susceptibility results indicate that the electronic structure of the icosahedral phase is very different from its glassy and crystalline (U${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$) counterparts.
Abstract: We observe for the first time the transformation of glassy alloys (${\mathrm{Pd}}_{100\ensuremath{-}x\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{U}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{y}$, $x\ensuremath{\simeq}y\ensuremath{\simeq}20$ at.%) into a metastable icosahedral phase with quasicrystalline order upon annealing. The icosahedral symmetry of the latter phase is confirmed by x-ray and electron diffraction. This phase can be formed only within a very narrow compositional range ( 2 at.%) of U and Si, suggestive of a strong chemical ordering in it. The icosahedral and glassy phases have similar electrical transport properties. However, magnetic-susceptibility results indicate that the electronic structure of the icosahedral phase is very different from its glassy and crystalline (U${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$) counterparts.
192 citations
TL;DR: Evidence exists to classify intramuscular and brisket fat depots as late-developing ones and cell number/gram of intramuuscular adipose tissue was a better predictor of marbling score than was fat cell diameter.
Abstract: Forty crossbred steers of similar birth date and fed the same growing-finishing diet were used to study adipocyte changes in six fat depots during growth from 11 to 19 mo of age. Steers were slaughtered at 2-mo intervals. Adipose tissue samples were obtained from kidney, mesenteric and brisket fat and subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular fat from the 10th to 12th rib section. The osmium tetroxide fixation technique was used for determination of cell size and number. Except for three brisket fat samples, distributions of adipocyte diameters from six different fat depots were monophasic during the age range considered in this study. At 17 mo of age, the mean adipocyte diameter, in decreasing order, was: kidney fat greater than mesenteric greater than subcutaneous greater than intermuscular greater than intramuscular greater than brisket fat. Fat deposition during growth to 19 mo of age occurred mainly by hypertrophy of adipocytes. An apparent cell hyperplasia occurred in the intramuscular fat depot from 11 to 15 mo and in the brisket fat depot after 15 mo of age. Based on cellularity characteristics, evidence exists to classify intramuscular and brisket fat depots as late-developing ones. Cell number/gram of intramuscular adipose tissue was a better predictor of marbling score than was fat cell diameter.
191 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an estimation procedure is presented for the parameters of the model and asymptotic properties of the estimator are investigated, assuming that additional information is available in the form of observations on instrumental variables.
186 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that mammosomatotropes, cells that secrete both GH and PRL, may exist in pituitaries of normal rats.
Abstract: Sequential application of reverse hemolytic plaque assays for GH and PRL revealed the presence of individual pituitary cells that released both hormones. These dual cells accounted for approximately one third of all GH and/or PRL secretors in 24-h pituitary cultures derived from male rats. Additional studies in which a different version of the plaque assay and double-staining immunocytochemistry were applied separately to dispersed pituitary cells from males yielded results that were virtually identical. These results suggest that mammosomatotropes, cells that secrete both GH and PRL, may exist in pituitaries of normal rats. (Endocrinology 116: 734-737,1985)
178 citations
TL;DR: Two germinal and 16 somatic reversion events induced by the Enhancer (En) transposable element system at the wx‐8::Spm‐I8 allele of Zea mays were cloned and studied by sequence analysis.
Abstract: Two germinal and 16 somatic reversion events induced by the Enhancer (En) transposable element system at the wx-8::Spm-I8 allele of Zea mays were cloned and studied by sequence analysis. Excision of the Spm-I8 receptor element from the wx gene results in various mutant DNA sequences. This leads to altered gene products, some of which are still capable of restoring the wild-type phenotype. Possible `footprint' sequences that may have arisen by the excision of transposable elements were observed when intron sequences of the wild-type (wx+) and the mutant (wx-m8) alleles of the wx gene were compared. The sequence divergence generated by visitation of a locus by plant transposable elements is discussed with respect to the molecular evolution of new gene functions.
175 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that mammosomatotropes, cells that release both GH and PRL, appear early in the neonatal development of both sexes and raise the possibility that PRL-secreting cells arise from GH-secREting cells.
Abstract: Reverse hemolytic plaque assays and immunocytochemistry were used to monitor the ontogeny of individual hormone-secreting and hormone-containing cells in rats. Monodispersed anterior pituitary cells from fetal rats (sex unspecified) and neonatal rats of each sex were cultured for 24 h and then subjected to immunocytochemistry or plaque assays for PRL or GH. PRL secretors first appeared in appreciable numbers in cultures from 4-day-old animals, and by day 5, they accounted for 8–12% of all cells in culture. The percentage of GH secretors rose to a peak on day 5 (comprising ∼40% of all cells), when the values were slightly higher than those observed previously in adults. The percentage of cultured cells from 4- to 5-day-olds that released PRL or GH was not influenced by the sex of the donor animal and was consistent with immunocytochemical estimates. Using a sequential plaque assay that enabled the detection of both GH and PRL release from the same cells, we found that of every 100 pituitary cells from 5-da...
TL;DR: A FORTRAN program was written that calculates composite linkage disequilibrium coefficients from genotypic data and output obtained from analysis of allozyme data collected from natural subpopulations of the house fly are included to illustrate features of the program.
Abstract: A FORTRAN program was written that calculates composite linkage disequilibrium coefficients from genotypic data. Chi-square tests determine whether coefficients calculated for allele and locus pairs are significantly greater than zero. A subroutine is provided that partitions the variance in linkage disequilibrium into within- and between-subpopulation components. Output obtained from analysis of allozyme data collected from natural subpopulations of the house fly (Musca domestica L.) are included to illustrate features of the program.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative humidity, temperature and wind fields generated by the First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE) III-b analysis of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are used to examine the global precipitable water distribution, and the water vapor transport and maintenance for two extreme seasons of atmospheric circulation, i.e., December-February and June-August 1979.
Abstract: The relative humidity, temperature and wind fields generated by the First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE) III-b analysis of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are used to examine the global precipitable water distribution, and the water vapor transport and maintenance for two extreme seasons of atmospheric circulation, i.e., December–February and June–August 1979. It has been observed that the major water vapor content exists in tropical areas, especially over three regions: equatorial Africa, the northern part of South America, and equatorial western Pacific in December-February; equatorial Africa, Central America and the northern part of South America, and monsoon areas in June-August. The water vapor transport was analyzed to explore how the high water vapor content of these areas is maintained by the large-scale atmospheric circulation. It is concluded that 1) the nondivergent stationary mode describes most of the atmospheric water vapor transport; 2) the stationary divergent mode...
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that qualitative and quantitative traits may be the result of different types of variation of genic DNA at the loci involved, and modern molecular genetic techniques, involving transposable DNA mutagenesis and other procedures available today, will permit the isolation of some of the quantitative genes for many traits.
TL;DR: It is proposed that this half-unit staggering of protofilaments is a fundamental feature of intermediate filament structure and assembly, and that it could account for the 20 to 22 nm axial repeat seen in all intermediate filaments examined so far.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dimensionality of the New Environmental Paradigm Scale (NEP) was examined in three different settings to assess its stability using confirmatory factor analysis, and it was shown that the dimension of the NEP scale can be confirmed using nine items from the original scale.
Abstract: To examine and measure the paradigmatic shifts in the public's orientation toward the physical environment, Dunlap and Van Liere developed the New Environmental Paradigm Scale. This study examines the dimensionality of the NEP scale. The scale was tested in three different settings to assess its stability. Using confirmatory factor analysis we were unable to confirm any of the previous configurations of the scale's dimensionality. We were, however, able to confirm the dimensionality of a three-factor model using nine of the items from the original scale. Further, the extracted factor pattern for our model closely resembles the findings reported by Albrecht et al.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared disturbed and undisturbed Mourning Dove nests for differences in daily survival probabilities and discrepancies in the relationships between nest-site features and nesting outcome.
Abstract: --Disturbed and undisturbed Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) nests were compared for differences in daily survival probabilities and discrepancies in the relationships between nest-site features and nesting outcome. At 3-day intervals, attending adults were flushed from disturbed nests (n = 51), whereas undisturbed nests (n = 50) were checked from a distance so that adults did not flush. Disturbed nests had significantly (P < 0.1) lower daily survival probabilities; this trend was evident during both the incubation and nestling stages, but was significant only during the former. For disturbed nests, two nest-site features (nestbowl depth and nest support) were related to success (P < 0.1). In contrast, success of undisturbed nests was related to four variables (substrate height above nest level, relative light intensity above the nest, nest concealment, and nest width). These results indicate that standard nest-checking procedures influence nesting success and confound interpretation of relationships between nest-site features and nesting outcome. Received 10 December 1984, accepted 30 April 1985. MANY studies of the relationship between nesting success and nest-site features have resuited in conflicting findings. For example, some authors (Meanley and Webb 1963, Holcomb and Twist 1968) have reported that nesting success for Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) is positively related to nest height, whereas others have found a negative relationship (Goddard and Board 1967, Ortego and Hamilton 1978) or none at all (Francis 1971, Lenington 1980). Similar contradictory results have been reported for Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla; Best 1978, Evans 1978) and Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura; Nice 1923, Schroeder 1970). Although researchers have studied several bird species in diverse settings, most have found no relationship between nest concealment and nesting success (Roseberry and Klimstra 1970, Caccamise 1977, Best 1978, Gottfried and Thompson 1978, Best and Stauffer 1980, Lenington 1980; but see Nolan 1978, Wray and Whitmore 1979, Murphy 1983). Because predation often is the major cause of nest failure in avian communities (Nolan 1963, Best and Stauffer 1980), one would expect concealment to have a direct causal effect on nesting out-
TL;DR: The authors used a regression analysis to compare the effectiveness of two ESL lessons on participle formation for subjects at various points along the field independent/dependent continuum and found a significant interaction between field independence and lesson, with field-independent subjects performing better with the deductive lesson and fielddependent subjects better with an example lesson.
Abstract: The cognitive style of field independence (the tendency to differentiate objects from their surroundings) has been shown in a number of studies to be related to success in second language classrooms in which deductive teaching dominates. The purpose of the study reported in this article was to discover whether less rule-oriented teaching might prove more beneficial for field-dependent students. A pretest/post-test design was used to compare the effectiveness of two ESL lessons on participle formation for subjects at various points along the field independent/dependent continuum. One lesson was based on a traditional deductive approach; the other provided no rules but directed attention to many examples of participles in context. A regression analysis showed a significant interaction between field independence and lesson, with field-independent subjects performing better with the deductive lesson and fielddependent subjects better with the example lesson. Examination of individual items on pre- and post-tests provided evidence that the majority of subjects in both lessons had engaged in step-by-step rule building. Implications for teaching and further research are discussed. The interest of both teachers and researchers in the field of second language learning has increasingly focused on the learner--including the strategies which an individual uses in learning and communicating and the individual differences that may affect both strategy use and success. One learner characteristic that appears to be related to a number of second language performance measures is the cognitive style of field independence. The field independence/dependence continuum is described by Messick (1976:14) as follows:
TL;DR: Structural evidence is presented indicating that a receptor component (Inhibitor) can arise by internal deletion of an autonomous En element in the Waxy (Wx) gene.
Abstract: A newly isolated, unstable mutation wx-844::En-1 of Zea mays was proven to be caused by the insertion of the autonomous transposable element En into the Waxy (Wx) gene. Molecular analysis revealed that En-1 is 8.4 kb long, has a 13-bp long perfect inverted repeat at its termini and generates a 3-bp target site duplication. En-1 is integrated into an intron located approximately in the middle of the transcribed region of the Wx gene. Structural evidence is presented indicating that a receptor component (Inhibitor) can arise by internal deletion of an autonomous En element.
TL;DR: The results indicated that although the psychiatric patients generally felt worse when self-aware, they were also more accurate in their self-reports, including descriptions of their problems.
Abstract: Research in the area of self-awareness theory has indicated that self-focused attention consistently produces both an increase in perceived intensity of affect and enhanced accuracy of self-reports. The present studies consider these effects in relation to the technique of self-confrontation as used in psychotherapy. In the first study, members of two different clinical populations (alcoholics and general psychiatric patients) either were or were not made self-aware and then were asked to self-report on their psychiatric problems and their mood states. Results indicated that self-awareness did increase the negative mood states for the psychiatric patients, and it also apparently increased the accuracy with which both patient groups reported on their history of hospitalization. In the second study self-awareness once again exacerbated the reported negative affect of a group of depressed psychiatric patients and enhanced the accuracy with which they reported on their hospitalizations. Additional analyses indicated that although the psychiatric patients generally felt worse when self-aware, they were also more accurate in their self-reports, including descriptions of their problems. The effects of self-awareness on members of clinical population are discussed and related to self-confrontation techniques.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the dynamics of the pattern formation for the cases in which an initially unstable planar interface reorganizes into a stable cellular or dendritic shape, and two different mechanisms of pattern formation have been shown to exist.
23 Aug 1985
TL;DR: The generalized linear scheme is used to provide a hierarchical threshold scheme which allows multiple thresholds necessary in a hierarchical environment.
Abstract: A generalized linear threshold scheme is introduced The new scheme generalizes the existing linear threshold schemes The basic principles involved in the construction of linear threshold schemes are laid out and the relationships between the existing schemes are completely established The generalized linear scheme is used to provide a hierarchical threshold scheme which allows multiple thresholds necessary in a hierarchical environment
TL;DR: A model of the structure of vertebrate Z-lines and Z-line analogs is introduced and supported by evidence from electron microscope studies of wide Z- lines, as well as basket-weave and diagonal-square net forms seen in cross-sections, which could be caused by movements of thin filaments less than 10 nm in any direction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problems of some quasilinear parabolic equations, namely, nonlinear heat equations and the porous medium equation in the fast-diffusion case.
Abstract: In this paper, we study the well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problems of some quasilinear parabolic equations, namely, nonlinear heat equations and the porous medium equation in the fast-diffusion case. We establish nonunique- ness (local in time) and/or nonregularizing effect of these equations in some critical cases. The key which leads to the resolution of these problems is to study some singular solutions of the elliptic counterparts of these parabolic problems (the so-called M-solutions of the Lane-Emden equations in astrophysics). Introduction. In this article we are concerned first of all with the existence or nonexistence of singular solutions of certain semilinear elliptic boundary value problems, and secondly with the application of these results to the study of some related parabolic problems. To begin with, consider the problem
TL;DR: The criteria and transformation are useful for transforming denotational definitions into compilers and interpreters for imperative machines, for optimizing applicative programs, and for judging the suitability of semantic notations for describing imperative languages.
Abstract: Sufficient criteria are given for replacing all occurrences of the store argument in a Scott-Strachey denotational definition of a programming language by a single global variable. The criteria and transformation are useful for transforming denotational definitions into compilers and interpreters for imperative machines, for optimizing applicative programs, and for judging the suitability of semantic notations for describing imperative languages. An example transformation of a semantics of a repeat-loop language to one which uses a global store variable is given to illustrate the technique.
TL;DR: The Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OOT) as mentioned in this paper has been used for assessment and evaluation in Counseling and Development (CDD) since 1985 and has been widely used.
Abstract: (1985). Otis-Lennon School Ability Test. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 226-229.
TL;DR: The oestrogenic activity of genistin and daidzin was investigated in the B6D2F1 strain of mouse and analysis of the blood obtained from the mice failed to reveal any free genistein or daidzein in the plasma.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the problem of predicting the value of an unobservable random variable w from the values of an observable random vector y under four states of knowledge about the joint distribution of w and y, ranging from complete knowledge to no knowledge.
Abstract: The problem considered is that of predicting the value of an unobservable random variable w from the value of an observable random vector y. This problem is considered under each of four states of knowledge about the joint distribution of w and y, ranging from complete knowledge to “no” knowledge. A (point) predictor or predictors are presented for each case. Prediction error is decomposed so that each component reflects an absence of information. Under certain conditions, these components are uncorrelated and have zero means. An exact or approximate expression is given for the variance of each component.
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of dendritic interfaces is investigated in succinonitrile-acetone system and a hysteresis effect is observed in the interface restabilization process and different mechanisms operate during the increase and decrease in velocity.