Kanazawa Medical University

About: Kanazawa Medical University is a education organization based out in Kanazawa, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 3103 authors who have published 6322 publications receiving 144592 citations. The organization is also known as: Kanazawa ika daigaku.

Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Is Women Empowerment a Reducing Factor? A Study from a National Bangladeshi Sample

Abstract: This article explores how women empowerment affects Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Bangladesh using a cross-sectional investigation of currently married women (n = 4,181) sampled via the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), 2007. About one-fourth (24%) of currently married Bangladeshi women experienced both physical and/or sexual IPV in the past year. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence was 19.4% and 10.5%, respectively. Younger generation (age 15–24), illiterate, rural, and the poorest household wealth categorized women were much victimized. Current employment status predicted intimate partner violence. Household decision-making pattern also emerged as a predictor of IPV. Likelihood of all forms of IPV increases with increase of number of participation in household decision-making. Promoting women empowerment in the household without men’s support may put women at more risk of IPV.

Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma in Japan

Abstract: Background Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS), known to have a more favorable prognosis than ordinary gastric carcinoma, has been suggested to be closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, there are many clinicopathologic problems that remain unsolved. Methods In 21 patients, 26 GCLS lesions and 4 non-GCLS intramucosal adenocarcinomas that developed synchronously or metachronously with GCLS were examined for EBV involvement by in situ hybridization (ISH) and were analyzed clinicopathologically. In addition, nine patients who had advanced gastric carcinoma with massive liver metastases, who showed good response to chemotherapy and had prolonged survival, were examined for the presence or absence of EBV-associated GCLS. Results On ISH with EBV-encoded small RNAs, diffuse hybridization signals were noted in 22 (84.6%) of 26 GCLS. Hybridization signals were also noted in all four non-GCLS adenocarcinomas accompanying GCLS. As a result, hybridization signals were noted in nine of ten cancerous lesions in four cases of synchronous multiple cancers and in all five cancerous lesions in two cases of metachronous multiple cancers. Long term survivors with liver metastases included two patients with EBV-associated GCLS. Conclusion Approximately 84.6% of GCLS were related to EBV. EBV-associated GCLS constitutes one-half of the EBV-infected stomach cancers in our institution. The complete response and long term survival after conventional chemotherapy of two patients with Stage IV GCLS suggests that this form of gastric carcinoma may be especially sensitive to this treatment. The identification of EBV-associated synchronous multicentric cancers of both GCLS and non-GCLS type suggests that EBV infection may be an early event in the induction process of these tumors.

Linagliptin and its effects on hyperglycaemia and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal dysfunction: the randomized MARLINA-T2D trial.

Abstract: Aims The MARLINA-T2D study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01792518) was designed to investigate the glycaemic and renal effects of linagliptin added to standard-of-care in individuals with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Methods A total of 360 individuals with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c 6.5% to 10.0% (48–86 mmol/mol), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 30–3000 mg/g despite single agent renin-angiotensin-system blockade were randomized to double-blind linagliptin (n = 182) or placebo (n = 178) for 24 weeks. The primary and key secondary endpoints were change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24 and time-weighted average of percentage change from baseline in UACR over 24 weeks, respectively. Results Baseline mean HbA1c and geometric mean (gMean) UACR were 7.8% ± 0.9% (62.2 ± 9.6 mmol/mol) and 126 mg/g, respectively; 73.7% and 20.3% of participants had microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria, respectively. After 24 weeks, the placebo-adjusted mean change in HbA1c from baseline was −0.60% (−6.6 mmol/mol) (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.78 to −0.43 [−8.5 to −4.7 mmol/mol]; P < .0001). The placebo-adjusted gMean for time-weighted average of percentage change in UACR from baseline was −6.0% (95% CI, −15.0 to 3.0; P = .1954). The adverse-event profile, including renal safety and change in eGFR, was similar between the linagliptin and placebo groups. Conclusions In individuals at early stages of diabetic kidney disease, linagliptin significantly improved glycaemic control but did not significantly lower albuminuria. There was no significant change in placebo-adjusted eGFR. Detection of clinically relevant renal effects of linagliptin may require longer treatment, as its main experimental effects in animal studies have been to reduce interstitial fibrosis rather than alter glomerular haemodynamics.

IgG4-related disease: a novel lymphoproliferative disorder discovered and established in Japan in the 21st century

Abstract: IgG4-related disease is a novel lymphoproliferative disorder that shows hyper-IgG4-γ-globulinemia and IgG4-producing plasma cell expansion in affected organs with fibrotic or sclerotic changes. Patients show systemic inflammatory conditions and various symptoms depending on the affected organ. Since the first report of patients with elevated serum IgG4 in sclerosing pancreatitis in 2001, various systemic disorders described by many names have been reported. Despite similarities in the organs involved in IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease and Sjogren's syndrome, there are marked clinical and pathological differences between these conditions. Most patients diagnosed with autoimmune pancreatitis in Japan have IgG4-related pancreatitis [Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP)], a disease distinct from some of the western type [Type 2 AIP, idiopathic duct-centric chronic pancreatitis (IDCP), autoimmune pancreatitis with granulocytic epithelial lesions (GEL)]. Diagnosis of IgG4-related disease is characterized by both elevated serum IgG4 (>135 mg/dL) and histopathological features including lymphocyte and IgG4(+) plasma cell infiltration (IgG4(+) plasma cells/IgG(+) plasma cells>40%). Differential diagnosis from other distinct disorders, such as sarcoidosis, Castleman's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphoma, cancer, and other existing conditions associated with high serum IgG4 level or abundant IgG4-bearing plasma cells in tissues is necessary. We have begun a clinical prospective study to establish a treatment strategy (Phase II prospective treatment study for IgG4-multiorgan lymphoproliferative syndrome: UMIN R000002311).