Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information

About: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information is a facility organization based out in Daejeon, South Korea. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Gravitational wave & LIGO. The organization has 1152 authors who have published 2319 publications receiving 93849 citations. The organization is also known as: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information & KISTI.

Searches for transverse momentum dependent flow vector fluctuations in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at the LHC

Abstract: The measurement of azimuthal correlations of charged particles is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $ TeV and p-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $ TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. These correlations are measured for the second, third and fourth order flow vector in the pseudorapidity region |η| < 0.8 as a function of centrality and transverse momentum p$_{T}$ using two observables, to search for evidence of p$_{T}$-dependent flow vector fluctuations. For Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV, the measurements indicate that p$_{T}$-dependent fluctuations are only present for the second order flow vector. Similar results have been found for p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV. These measurements are compared to hydrodynamic model calculations with event-by-event geometry fluctuations in the initial state to constrain the initial conditions and transport properties of the matter created in Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions.

Overlapping two self-avoiding polymers in a closed cylindrical pore: Implications for chromosome segregation in a bacterial cell.

Abstract: We study the spatial organization and segregation of two self-avoiding polymers trapped inside a closed cylindrical pore. Using molecular-dynamics simulations, we show how confinement shapes the chains, especially their mutual (entropic) force, chain miscibility, and segregation dynamics. Under strong confinement, the chains are shown to repel more strongly and thus segregate better if they are shorter and the confining space is more asymmetric, in contrast to the spherically confined case, where nonlinear chain topology is required for chain partitioning in equilibrium. When applied to bacterial chromosomes, our results imply that chromosome miscibility depends on how they are compacted and structured inside the cell (by proteins and supercoiling). Finally, longitudinal confinement is shown to have nontrivial effects on segregation dynamics by randomizing and thus slowing down the segregation process, which would otherwise be assisted with entropic forces.

Integrative Brain Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Region-Specific and Broad Molecular Changes in Shank3-Overexpressing Mice.

Abstract: Variants of the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domain 3 (SHANK3) gene, encoding excitatory postsynaptic core scaffolding proteins, are causally associated with numerous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia (SCZ) Although detailed synaptic changes of various Shank3 mutant mice have been well characterized, broader downstream molecular changes, including direct and indirect changes, remain largely unknown To address this issue, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult Shank3-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice, using an RNA-sequencing approach We also re-analyzed previously reported RNA-sequencing results of the striatum of adult Shank3 TG mice and of the prefrontal cortex of juvenile Shank3+/ΔC mice with a 50-70% reduction of Shank3 proteins We found that several myelin-related genes were significantly downregulated specifically in the mPFC, but not in the striatum or hippocampus, of adult Shank3 TG mice by comparing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the analyses side by side Moreover, we also found nine common DEGs between the mPFC and striatum of Shank3 TG mice, among which we further characterized ASD- and SCZ-associated G protein-coupled receptor 85 (Gpr85), encoding an orphan Gpr interacting with PSD-95 Unlike the mPFC-specific decrease of myelin-related genes, we found that the mRNA levels of Gpr85 increased in multiple brain regions of adult Shank3 TG mice, whereas the mRNA levels of its family members, Gpr27 and Gpr173, decreased in the cortex and striatum Intriguingly, in cultured neurons, the mRNA levels of Gpr27, Gpr85, and Gpr173 were modulated by the neuronal activity Furthermore, exogenously expressed GPR85 was co-localized with PSD-95 and Shank3 in cultured neurons and negatively regulated the number of excitatory synapses, suggesting its potential role in homeostatic regulation of excitatory synapses in Shank3 TG neurons Finally, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis of the RNA-sequencing results, which suggested that Shank3 could affect the directional expression pattern of numerous ribosome-related genes in a dosage-dependent manner To sum up, these results reveal previously unidentified brain region-specific and broad molecular changes in Shank3-overexpressing mice, further elucidating the complexity of the molecular pathophysiology of SHANK3-associated brain disorders

Search for B0 →π-τ+ντ with hadronic tagging at Belle

Abstract: We search for the process B-0 -> pi(-) tau(+)nu(tau) using the full Belle data set of 711 fb(-1), corresponding to 772 x 10(6)B (B) over bar pairs, collected at the gamma (4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We reconstruct one B meson in a hadronic decay and search for the B-0 -> pi(-)tau(+)nu(tau) process in the remainder of the event. No significant signal is observed and an upper limit of B(B-0 -> pi(-) tau(+)nu(tau)) < 2.5 x 10(-4) is obtained at the 90% confidence level.

Low-Light Image Enhancement Based on Maximal Diffusion Values

Abstract: A vast amount of pictures are taken every day by using cameras mounted on various mobile devices. Even though the clarity of such acquired images has been significantly improved due to the advance of the image sensor technology, the visual quality is hardly guaranteed under varying illumination conditions. In this paper, a novel yet simple method for low-light image enhancement is proposed via the maximal diffusion value. The key idea of the proposed method is to estimate the illumination component, which is likely to appear as the bright pixel even under the low-light condition, by exploring multiple diffusion spaces. Specifically, the illumination component can be accurately separated from the scene reflectance by selecting the maximal value at each pixel position of those diffusion spaces, and thus independently adjusted for the visual quality enhancement. That is, we propose to adopt the maximal value among diffused intensities at each pixel position, so-called maximal diffusion value, as the illumination component since illumination components buried in the dark tend to be revealed with bright intensities through the iterative diffusion process. In contrast to previous approaches that still pose difficulties to balance between over-saturated and conservative restorations, the proposed method improves the image quality without any significant distortion while successfully suppressing the problem of noise amplification. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method compared to previous approaches introduced in literature.