Showing papers by "Makerere University published in 1974"
TL;DR: Ricin, the extremely toxic protein of castor oil seeds (Ricinus communis, Euphorbiaceae), has wide-ranging biological effects on higher organisms and the number of articles published on it shows a steeply rising curve.
172 citations
TL;DR: Diabetes mellitus death-rates are reviewed in age and sex groups from 1920-22 until 1970 and a comprehensive survey of food supplies pre-war up to 1966 permits an examination of all absorbed dietary factors that may have influenced the death- rates.
54 citations
TL;DR: The results of a further randomized trial designed to test the efficacy of the three‐drug combination consisting of actinomycin‐D, vincristine and imidazole carboxamide are reported.
Abstract: Previous trials at our Institute revealed the effectiveness of actinomycin-D and vincristine in the treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma. We herein report the results of a further randomized trial designed to test the efficacy of the three-drug combination consisting of actinomycin-D, vincristine and imidazole carboxamide and to compare the results with those obtained by combining actinomycin-D and vincristine only for all forms of Kaposi's Sarcoma. Of the 40 patients treated with two drugs, 22 (55%) achieved complete tumour regression, 13 (32.5%) had partial response and 5 (12.5%) did not respond. On the other hand, 30 out of 32(94%) of those receiving three drugs had complete tumour regression, one had partial and one had no response. There is a significantly higher complete response rate (p<0.002) in the group receiving three drugs than in that receiving two drugs. The side effects encountered were comparable.
44 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that fiber deficiency may help to cause not only diverticulosis but also ischemic heart disease, which is very closely associated geographically.
Abstract: Diverticular disease (DD) of the colon is common in populations where the intake of cereal fiber in the diet has been reduced dramatically for several decades. Also it has been shown that the addition of fiber in the form of wheat bran relieves the symptoms of the uncomplicated forms of the disease. Both diverticular and ischemic heart disease (IHD) have become major problems of the industrial nations of the Western world in this dentury. Consequently, it has been suggested that a deficiency of dietary fiber may play a part in the causation of IHD. The historical emergence and the geopraphical distribution of both DD and IHD are discussed and are shown to support this contention. New data regarding their prevalence in rural Africa and Asia have been obtained from over 170 hosptals, together with details of the radiological incidence of diverticulosis in India and South Africa. Admittedly the incidence of both diseases is known in very few countries with any degree of accuracy, but it is still crystal clear that DD and IHD appeared on the clinical scene together and that they are very closely associated geographically. Frequently they are found together in the same patient. This paper proposes that fiber deficiency may help to cause not only diverticulosis but also IHD.
38 citations
TL;DR: Qualitative serum alpha‐fetoprotein determinations were done on sera from 184 Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and the results correlated with clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features of the disease.
Abstract: Serum specimens obtained from 184 Ugandan patients clinically suspected of having hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) between 1969 and 1972 were qualitatively tested for alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Of the entire study population 121 (65%) were AFP positive. 39 were women 23 (59%) of whom were AFP positive. 145 (79%) of the 184 were men and 98 (68%) were AFP positive. There was a downward trend in AFP frequency with increasing age among both sexes and was most marked at age range extremes: 30/34 (88%) under age 30 were AFP positive whereas only 8/26 (31%) over age 60 (P < .001) were. Heptatitis B antigen (HBAg) determinations were available in 154/184 and 82 (53%) were HBAg positive. There was a significant tendancy (P < .02) for HBAg positive subjects also to be AFP positive when compared with HBAg negative patients. There were no differences in AFP frequency between patients with or without antibody to HBAg. Men and patients with poorly differentiated tumors tended to be positive more frequently than women or patients with well differentiated tumors. No correlations with AFP elevation were found for duration of symtoms before diagnosis disease stage patient survival standard liver function tests serum proline hydroxylase or serum chroionic gonadotropin elevations or the presence of concomitant cirrhosis.
37 citations
36 citations
26 citations
TL;DR: Animals receiving intraluminal injections of 25 or 50 ug prostaglandin/kg showed a reduced incidence and severity of gastric and oesophageal ulceration when compared to controls and the mean acid content of the stomach at sacrifice was lower in treated animals.
26 citations
TL;DR: On the ventral side of the African fruit bat web 12 × 50 mm areas of epidermis were removed by adhesive tape strippings as mentioned in this paper, and the regenerative reaction close to the wound was studied on both sides of the web by the Colcemid method and by counting cells.
Abstract: On the ventral side of the African fruit bat web 12 × 50 mm areas of epidermis were removed by adhesive tape strippings. The regenerative reaction close to the wound was studied on both sides of the web by the Colcemid method and by counting cells.
26 citations
20 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that 5-fluorocytosine is a useful drug in this condition as it can be given on an outpatient basis and has minimal side effects in prolonged high dosage.
Abstract: A case of chromomycosis of the skin due to Cladosporium trichoides is reported. Chromomycosis caused by this fungus has not previously been described. Treatment with 5-fluorocytosine for 36 weeks was successful. It is concluded that 5-fluorocytosine is a useful drug in this condition as it can be given on an outpatient basis and has minimal side effects in prolonged high dosage.
TL;DR: A study of the breeding season of the polymorphic equatorial land snail Limicolaria martensiana Smith shows that the snail breeds continuously throughout the year but has bimodal peaks in its breeding which occurs during the dry seasons, while during the rainy seasons breeding is low.
Abstract: A study of the breeding season of the polymorphic equatorial land snail Limicolaria martensiana Smith (Achatinidae: Pulmonata) lasting six years and six months in populations in the Kampala District (lat. 0 20′) and the Equator line shows that the snail breeds continuously throughout the year but has bimodal peaks in its breeding which occurs during the dry seasons, while during the rainy seasons breeding is low. It is the decrease in the amount of rainfall which induces peak breeding and as a result there is an inverse relationship between the amount of rainfall and the breeding intensity. The evolution of ovoviviparity with the ability to retain eggs and/or young in utero during aestivation is the phenomenon that enables L. martensiana to have peak breeding during the dry seasons. Moisture which enables young to feed and thus grow is an ultimate factor in determining breeding in L. martensiana. The gestation period is 10 to 14 days during the rainy seasons but the snail retains its eggs and/or young in utero during the dry seasons and only deposits them when rain returns. The eggs take 18.6±5.43 days (N= 130) to hatch after they are laid. Hatching in utero and outside occurs by the young eating the egg shells. Oogenesis in the snails occurs at all times. L. martensiana stores viable allosperms which it can use for further reproduction.
TL;DR: Sulphur deficiency drastically reduced the synthesis of sulphur amino acids, concomitantly raising the aspartic acid/asparagine content of the leaves up to 45 per cent of their total N content.
Abstract: The effect of N and S fertilizers on yield, protein content and amino acid composition of the tropical cereal finger millet was studied in field and sand culture experiments. In the field the grain yield measured from 2400 to 4100 kg/ha, and the seed crude protein from 7 to 13% with rates of N up to 150 kg/ha. Seed crude protein was high in methionine and cystine, but contained less sulphur amino acids when the seed was high in protein. Supplies in excess failed to increase the lower methionine and cystine contents of the crude protein. Sulphur deficiency drastically reduced the synthesis of sulphur amino acids, concomitantly raising the aspartic acid/asparagine content of the leaves up to 45 per cent of their total N content. An S:N weight ratio of 1:10 in the seeds and 1:15 in the leaves indicates adequate supply of sulphur. The importance of finger millet for human nutrition is considered in relation to increasing substitution with other crops, use of nitrogen fertilizers, and the actual sulphur status of soils in East Africa.
TL;DR: It is suggested that under physiological conditions, adrenaline may exert an inhibitory action on the gravid uterus and be responsible for the termination of pregnancy with this compound.
TL;DR: In this paper, production characteristics of Friesian and Jersey dairy cows on privately owned farms in Kenya were investigated and compared with those of cows raised on farms with commercial farms in the UK.
Abstract: (1974). Production Characteristics of Friesian and Jersey Dairy Cattle on Privately Owned Farms in Kenya. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 289-297.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Human foetal small and large intestine responded to prostaglandins E2 and F2α, the gestational age of the tissue being between 14 and 26 weeks, and the predominant response was a contraction of each region of the intestine studied.
Abstract: Human foetal small and large intestine responded to prostaglandins E2 and F2α, the gestational age of the tissue being between 14 and 26 weeks. The predominant response to both prostaglandins was a contraction of each region of the intestine studied. The response to both prostaglandins was antagonized selectively by poly.phloretin phosphate.
01 Mar 1974
TL;DR: It is postulated that these erratic results and unpredictable shoot fly behaviour observed by other workers are due to the presence of at least five species of Atherigona, particularly the sorghum shoot fly.
Abstract: Sorghum is an important food crop in Uganda; in some areas it is the staple food grain. Low yields of sorghum are attributed to damage caused by insects, particularly the sorghum shoot fly, and to the weather. Chemical and cultural control measures against sorghum shoot fly in Uganda have given erratic results. It is postulated that these erratic results and unpredictable shoot fly behaviour observed by other workers are due to the presence of at least five species of Atherigona.
TL;DR: It is confirmed that BL is a separate clinical entity and can in the majority of cases be clearly distinguished from other types of lymphoma on morphological grounds alone and in individual cases where difficulty in making a diagnosis arises, there is no final arbiter.
Abstract: One-hundred seventy-two Ugandan children with lymphoma have been studied with a view to determining the value of morphology (histology and cytology) as a means of predicting clinical behavior and response to treatment. In the group where a morphological diagnosis of BL was made (147), duration of symptoms was shorter than in the other groups; 85% of patients had a tumor distribution considered to be typical of BL (jaws, orbits, intra-abdominal, epidural, meningeal, or cranial nerve tumor). In the HL group (11), no patient had a tumor distribution typical of BL, while in the LL g4roup (14), 8 patients might have been considered to be BL on clinical grounds alone. Response to cyclophosphamide therapy was complete in 92% of the BL group, 27% of the LL group, and none of the HL group. Survival was significantly better in patients with BL (65% long term remission) than in the other groups (median survival 28 weeks). Anti-VCA titers were invariably raised in the BL group, and sometimes raised in the other groups. We confirm that BL is a separate clinical entity and can in the majority of cases be clearly distinguished from other types of lymphoma on morphological grounds alone. In individual cases where difficulty in making a diagnosis arises, there is no final arbiter. We must await the development of more sophisticated techniques of biochemical, immunologic, and etiologic classification of tumors.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the real line is considered and f and K are functions defined on E x E. Let f be a function defined on F and K a function on F.
Abstract: Let E denote the real line. Let f be a function defined on E, and let K be a function defined on E x E.
TL;DR: In this paper, strong nucleophiles attack the central carbon of the allene system to give α,β-unsaturated addition products, which are obtained by a Ritter reaction with t-butyl alcohol, when N-t-butylamides are obtained.
TL;DR: It was shown from the results based on a pre-post-test questionnaire, that both methods, lecture-discussion and written materials, produced marked improvement in the people's ideas about epilepsy, showing that, even in areas where literacy rates might be relatively low, written materials can still be used with some success.
TL;DR: Nineteen African tribes living in Uganda have been studied for ABO and Rh(D)antigens, finding high incidences of group A, group B, and group O in the tribes of West Nile, Busoga‐Bukedi, and Karamoja.
Abstract: . Nineteen African tribes living in Uganda have been studied for ABO and Rh(D)antigens. High incidences of group A (41%), group B (30%), and group O (51%) were found in the tribes of West Nile, Busoga-Bukedi, and Karamoja, respectively. Genetical mixing showing a southwestward ‘cline’ is apparent. The northern, eastern and central regions have less Rh(D)-negative than the western region. The incidence of Rh(D)-negatives increases from the north (less than 2%) to the south (about 6%).
In the Kampala area, incidence is A 27%, B 20%, O 48%, AB 5%, and Rh(D)-negative 2%. It is recommended that transfusion of blood without Rh(D)typing be discouraged. The practice would be more dangerous in the western region of Uganda.
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions for observability of linear time-varying delay differential systems with time variable delays are established, and an algebraic criteria is also develeped.
Abstract: Conditions for observability of linear time-varying delay differential systems with time variable delays is established. An algebraic criteria for observability is also develeped.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The study of place-names typonymy is now well-established as a field of interest to linguists historians and geographers, as well as to the informed layman as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The study of place-names typonymy is now well-established as a field of interest to linguists historians and geographers, as well as to the informed layman. In England, for example, the English Place Name Society has published or is in the process of publishing separate volumes for every county listing the names of physical features, settlements, fields and woods, and often even individual streets, and suggesting their origins and tracing their historical development.
TL;DR: Vorversuche mit RizIn, dem toxischen Protein von Rizinussamen (Ricinus communis), ergaben einen Verküzungseffekt der Hexobarbital-Schlafzeit bei Ratten, was für einen induktiven Effekt auf das drogenabhängige metabolische Enzymsystem der Leber spricht.
Abstract: Vorversuche mit Rizin, dem toxischen Protein von Rizinussamen (Ricinus communis) ergaben einen Verkuzungseffekt der Hexobarbital-Schlafzeit bei Ratten, was fur einen induktiven Effekt auf das drogenabhangige metabolische Enzymsystem der Leber spricht.
TL;DR: During ricin intoxication the ultrastructural changes of the kidney corresponded to the laboratory finding of proteinuria in albino rats.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The in vitro destruction of target cells by sensitized lymphocytes is believed to occur as a two-step process which depends upon immunologic specificity and the extent of destruction is determined in large part by the metabolic activity of the adherent lymphocytes.
Abstract: The in vitro destruction of target cells by sensitized lymphocytes is believed to occur as a two-step process: 1. The lymphocytes adhere to the target cells, a step which depends upon immunologic specificity; 2. the target cells are destroyed, the extent being determined in large part by the metabolic activity of the adherent lymphocytes [5, 13].