Showing papers by "Medical University of South Carolina published in 1974"
TL;DR: The procedure is a simple, rapid staining technique suitable for photomicrography and tissue orientation for electron microscopy, and considerable variation was found in methylene blue-azure II staining times for different embedding media.
Abstract: One micron-thick sections of tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde, or in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide, and embedded in a variety of plastic resins were stained in a methylene blue-azure II solution at 65 C, then counterstained in 0.05% basic fuchsin in 2.5% ethanol at room temperature (24 C). Considerable variation was found in methylene blue-azure II staining times for different embedding media. Aged Epon-812 required less staining time than freshly polymerized blocks of Epon-812. The procedure is a simple, rapid staining technique suitable for photomicrography and tissue orientation for electron microscopy.
499 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modified least square estimation procedure is introduced to determine whether the near singularity has predictive value and examine alternate prediction equations in which the effect of the near singrtlarity has been removed from the estimates of the regression coefficients.
Abstract: Least squares estimates of parameters of a multiple linear regression model are known to be highly variable when the matrix of independent variables is near singular. Using the latent roots and latent vectors of the “correlation matrix” of the dependent and independent variables a modified least squares estimation procedure is introduced. This technique enables one to determine whether the near singularity has predictive value and examine alternate prediction equations in which the effect of the near singrtlarity has been removed from the estimates of the regression coefficients. In addition a method for performing backward elimination of variables using standard least squares or the modified procedure is presented.
176 citations
TL;DR: The high resolving ability of isoelectric focusing indicated the presence of M allele-like products in FZ, SS, and ZZ Pi types, and the potential resolving power of this method appears sufficient to identify also the untested remaining alleles.
Abstract: Phenotyping methods for alpha-1-antitrypsin were developed utilizing isoelectric focusing on 1 mm. acrylamide gel slabs. Alpha-1-antitrypsin proteins have isoelectric points in the pH region from 4.2 to 4.65. Utilizing ampholines with a pH range of 3.5–5 or 3–6, the proteinase inhibitor (Pi) phenotypes containing the more common M, A, S, F alleles were found to be readily identifiable and may be studied both qualitatively and quantitatively by this method. Protein distributions of the various Pi allele products as illustrated by densitometric traces show patterns similar to those found in the conventional two-dimensional acid starch gel—crossing antigen-antibody electrophoresis. The high resolving ability of isoelectric focusing indicated the presence of M allele-like products in FZ, SS, and ZZ Pi types. The total procedure time was reduced from VA days to 4 hours. The potential resolving power of this method appears sufficient to identify also the untested remaining alleles.
164 citations
TL;DR: Spleens and lymph nodes fixed lightly for optimal immunocytochemistry or processed routinely for surgical diagnosis disclosed strong selective immunostaining for IgG in numerous immunocytes in tumor-free areas and in Reed-Sternberg cells and faint to strong staining in Hodgkin cells as well.
Abstract: Spleens and lymph nodes fixed lightly for optimal immunocytochemistry or processed routinely for surgical diagnosis disclosed strong selective immunostaining for IgG in numerous immunocytes in tumor-free areas. Areas involved by Hodgkin's disease revealed, in addition, strong immunostaining for IgG but not IgM in Reed-Sternberg cells and faint to strong staining in Hodgkin cells as well. Ultrastructurally the Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells displayed abundant polyribosomes and sparse granular reticulum and appeared to form unexportable IgG on unbound ribosomes.
138 citations
128 citations
TL;DR: Determinations of picogram amounts of Oxprenolol and its four major urinary metabolites demonstrate the general applicability of the GLC method to all 0-blocking drugs and most of their metabolites, and accurate plasma determinations could be made in patients receiving numerous other drugs.
119 citations
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that GABA may play a role in controlling the discharge of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor in male rats.
Abstract: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) injected into the third ventricle of male rats promotes the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) but not follicle-stimulating hormone. When GABA was injected directly into the pituitary it was ineffective in promoting LH release. This evidence suggests that GABA may play a role in controlling the discharge of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor.
115 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The ultrastructural demonstration of intracytoplasmic lamellae and lamellar-lipid profiles in adrenal striated cells, testicular interstitial cells, Schwann cells and brain macrophages from patients with ALD provides further morphologic evidence for a systemic metabolic defect common to the nervous and endocrine systems.
Abstract: Striated adrenal cells in the zona reticularis and inner fasciculata apparently constitute the initial adrenolytic lesion in patients with adreno-leukodystrophy (ALD). Cytoplasmic ballooning and macrovacuolization develop after the striations, and probably represent exaggerated responses to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Intracytoplasmic lamellae and lamellar-lipid profiles, containing a free 3beta-hydroxysterol, are the ultrastructural correlates of the striations seen with the light microscope. The ultrastructural demonstration of intracytoplasmic lamellae and lamellar-lipid profiles in adrenal striated cells, testicular interstitial cells, Schwann cells and brain macrophages from patients with ALD provides further morphologic evidence for a systemic metabolic defect common to the nervous and endocrine systems. In our experience, adrenal biopsy has proven to be the most effective procedure for the diagnosis of adreno-leukodystrophy. An hypothesis proposing a membrane abnormality affecting its stability and turnover might explain the concomitant destruction of adrenal cortex and brain in these patients.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an ultrastructural study of the central nervous system of four male patients with adreno-leukodystrophy was performed and the authors found that membrane-like cytoplasmic inclusions similar to those described in adrenal cortex, testis, and peripheral nerve were present in macrophages.
Abstract: An ultrastructural study of the central nervous system of four male patients with adreno-leukodystrophy has been performed. Membrane-like cytoplasmic inclusions similar to those described in adrenal cortex, testis, and peripheral nerve were present in macrophages. These changes in widely scattered organs are probably the structural representation of a generalized metabolic disorder and are consistent with our previous hypothesis of a membrane-stability defect in these organs.
66 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the R9 mutation leads to increased functional stability of T4 "early" messengers.
Abstract: R9 was isolated as one of several mutations that enhanced the growth of a leaky amber ( am ) mutant of bacteriophage T4 gene 62 (product required for phage DNA synthesis) under conditions of partial suppression by ribosomal ambiguity. R9 also enhanced the growth of leaky am mutants of some, but not all, other T4 “early” gene functions. R9 mapped between mutations in genes 43 and 62. By using assays involving polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, we observed the following. (i) R9 resulted in an overproduction of many T4 “early” proteins in infected cells. The most pronounced effects of R9 were observed when phage DNA synthesis and/or the functions of maturation genes 55 and 33 were not expressed. (ii) In rifampintreated infected cells, the capacity to synthesize T4 “early” proteins decayed more slowly in the presence of the R9 mutation than in the presence of the wild-type counterpart of R9. R9 appeared to have no effect on the rates of RNA synthesis either during early or late times after infection. The results suggest that the R9 mutation leads to increased functional stability of T4 “early” messengers. Images
60 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of the substrate profile with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of various β-lactamase antibiotics suggests that the β- lactamases plays an important role in the antibiotic resistance of this organism.
Abstract: The specific activity, substrate profile, response to inhibitors, inducibility, and cellular localization of the beta-lactamase produced by an ampicillin-resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae type B were investigated. In these properties the enzyme resembles β-lactamases produced by other gram-negative bacilli more closely than those produced by gram-positive organisms. It is quite similar to an enzyme found in strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and differs significantly from those described in other gram-negative bacilli. Comparison of the substrate profile with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of various β-lactamase antibiotics suggests that the β-lactamase plays an important role in the antibiotic resistance of this organism.
TL;DR: There was no evidence of tissue penetration by ingested mineral fibers in rats, supported by the findings in coal and hard-rock miners who swallow, during their lifetime, nearly 100 times the amount of dust that is stored in their lungs.
Abstract: Three different laboratories independently investigated the ability of ingested mineral fibers to penetrate tissues in rats. All concluded that there was no evidence of tissue penetration by ingested mineral fibers. These experimental observations are supported by the findings in coal and hard-rock miners who swallow, during their lifetime, nearly 100 times the amount of dust that is stored in their lungs. The intestinal wall or mesenteric lymph nodes of these people show no evidence of storage of the ingested dust particles. Animals fed asbestos over much of their lifetime and allowed to live to the age of cancer production, failed to provide evidence of a cancerogenic effect.
TL;DR: The maternal surface exhibited essentially no reactivity for acid phosphatase but showed strong alkalineosphatase activity with a periodic staining pattern, suggesting that functionally different zones may be identified cytochemically.
Abstract: Light microscopic studies using a battery of basic dye stains combined with sialidase and hyaluronidase digestions indicated that the extensive basophilia of the maternal surface of the placental syncytium largely results from the presence of a non-sulfated mucosubstance specifically identified as hyaluronic acid. Ultrastructural examination of dialyzed iron (DI) stained specimens revealed that DI-positive filaments observed along the syncytial surface were removed by hyaluronidase digestion. Staining with the lectins, Concanavalin A or lentil bean hemagglutinin produced an intense and periodic pattern of staining that was not enzyme labile. Incubation of tissue sections in the enzyme solutions or control buffers allowed the lectins to penetrate the syncytial plasma membrane and stain material within the endoplasmic reticulum presumed to be human chorionic gonadotropin. The maternal surface exhibited essentially no reactivity for acid phosphatase but showed strong alkaline phosphatase activity with a periodic staining pattern. With each of the techniques used there was variability in the intensity of staining in different regions along the maternal surface, suggesting that functionally different zones may be identified cytochemically. Only minor differences were observed in the cytochemical reactivity of early compared with term placenta.
TL;DR: Experimental results suggest that (1) rubrocerebellar axons arise from both caudal and rostral areas of the nucleus, (2) some large-medium neurons project only to the contralateral brain stem and/or cerebellum, and (3) the ipsilateral rubrobulbar bundle arises from large- medium neurons which are located within the rostrals red nucleus.
TL;DR: A classification of patients with COPD is presented, based upon measurement of arterial Po 2 and Pco 2 during air breathing which serves as a guideline for oxygen therapy directed toward the correction of tissue hypoxia.
TL;DR: A variety of fixation and staining procedures have been utilized for electron microscopy of rat parotid gland tissue in untreated and isoproterenol-injected animals as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The results substantiate and extnd those of Brodal, Destombes, Lacerda and Angaut ('72) concerning the existence of cerebellopontine projections and provide evidence for a hitherto unreported fastigial projection to the basilar pons.
Abstract: The origin, course and distribution of cerebellopontine fibers was studied in the opossum by employing the Nauta-Gygax and Fink-Heimer techniques. Our results substantiate and extnd those of Brodal, Destombes, Lacerda and Angaut ('72) concerning the existence of cerebellopontine projections and provide evidence for a hitherto unreported fastigial projection to the basilar pons. Destruction of the caudal, medial division of the fastigial nucleus elicits bilateral degeneration in a restricted area of the medial pontine nucleus. This small terminal field is located in the angle between the medial lemniscus and the pyramidal tract and is found throughout the caudal three-fifths of the pons. The degenerating fibers do not course within the descending brachium conjunctivum, but reach the pons by filtering through the reticular formation from the uncinate fasciculus. Lesions that involve either the interpositus anterior or the dentate nucleus produce degeneration within the contralateral descending brachium conjunctivum and basilar pons. Terminal fields are located within the median, medial (paramedian nucleus of cat), peduncular, ventral and lateral nuclei. The heaviest degeneration is in the medial nucleus.
Although cerebellar and cortical projections have different targets in the basilar pons, there is some overlap. Fastigial and preorbital fibers have partial overlap in the dorsal part of the medial nucleus, whereas the peduncular and lateral nuclei are the areas of overlap between the interpositus anterior and dentate projections with those from forelimb (and probably face) cortical areas. This overlap is particularly obvious in the caudal part of the lateral nucleus and occurs between fibers from limb motor-sensory cortex and those arising mainly within the anterior interpositus nucleus. There is no pontine overlap between cerebellar and visual or auditory cortical projections.
TL;DR: The results of these experiments demonstrate that d-amphetamine sulfate administered to mice during the last third of pregnancy produce transient alterations in CA concentrations and long-lasting changes in behavior.
Abstract: Offspring of C57BL/6J mice injected with d-amphetamine sulfate during the last third of pregnancy had slightly reduced body weight at birth, altered concentrations of catecholamines (CA's) in their brains during development, and increased activity after they had matured. Norepinephrine concentrations were depressed at birth, returned to control values by Day 3, and were elevated at 21 and 30 days after birth. Dopamine values were elevated at 30 days after birth. At 75 days of age, animals prenatally exposed to the drug had CA concentrations similar to controls, but had heightened activity levels compared to controls tested in the open field. The results of these experiments demonstrate that d-amphetamine sulfate administered to mice during the last third of pregnancy produce transient alterations in CA concentrations and long-lasting changes in behavior.
TL;DR: Although neither AMT or PCPA affected SEA, PCPA decreased the latency of frog attack, and had a negligible effect on frog attack frequency, while both drugs increased the frequency of mouse attack.
Abstract: Separate groups of rats were treated with alpha-methyl-tyrosine (AMT), para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), or saline. Subsequently, inter-species attack and shock elicited aggression (SEA) were assessed. Although neither AMT or PCPA affected SEA, PCPA decreased the latency of frog attack, and had a negligible effect on frog attack frequency. Both drugs increased the frequency of mouse attack. These results suggest a different neurochemical basis for different kinds of aggression.
TL;DR: The expression of the electrophoretic mobilities as a function of the proteins' effective hydrodynamic sizes, thereby taking into account the extent of constraint by disulfide bonds, allowed a comparison of disulfides cross-linked and linear forms of the protein polypeptides.
TL;DR: This regimen has been modified by us with the addition of direct injection of triamcinolone into the stricture with satisfactory results with no serious complications to date.
TL;DR: If the patient with an electrical injury survives the initial shock, he will usually have more tissue damage than is generally expected and should be treated accordingly.
Abstract: Summary If the patient with an electrical injury survives the initial shock, he will usually have more tissue damage than is generally expected. Too frequently he is treated for burn injury, although his injury is more like a crush injury and should be treated accordingly.
TL;DR: Determination of lead content of deciduous teeth may provide a useful index to previous lead exposure.
Abstract: Determination of lead content of deciduous teeth may provide a useful index to previous lead exposure.
TL;DR: Clinical data and biochemical findings in this case strongly suggest the use of MCT diet as an important adjunct of the management of neonatal chylothorax as well as the treatment of conditions which have a compromised lymphatic drainage.
Abstract: A neonate with transposition of the great arteries developed chylothorax following ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus. At first, multiple thoracenteses and chest drainage were employed without significant diminution of pleural fluid production. Administration of a formula containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT) was associated with a marked decrease of pleural fluid accumulation within a few days. Total lipid concentration of pleural fluid prior to the diet was 890 mg/100 ml and diminished to 40 mg/100 ml after eight days of administration of the diet. Cholesterol and cholesterol esters decreased from 101 mg/100 ml to 24 mg/100 ml and from 83 mg/100 ml to 9 mg/100 ml, respectively. Total triglyceride concentration fell from 111 mg/100 ml to 2 mg/100 ml. Only negligible amounts of fatty acids with a chain length lower than capric (C10:0) were recovered from the analyses of the samples. Thereafter, x-ray films revealed no pleural effusion and at the third-month follow-up visit the chest remained clear. The marked diminution in Volume of the pleural effusion in this case is thought to be associated with MCT feedings. MCT passes directly into the portal system, bypassing the lymphatic pathways and still provides adequate caloric intake. Thus, it seems ideal for the treatment of conditions which have a compromised lymphatic drainage. Both clinical data and biochemical findings in this case strongly suggest the use of MCT diet as an important adjunct of the management of neonatal chylothorax.
TL;DR: A reproducible procedure for the isolation from human placenta of a cathepsin B1 in a homogeneous state, demonstrated by electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal and enzymic criteria, was carried out.
Abstract: A reproducible procedure for the isolation, from human placenta, of a cathepsin B1 in a homogeneous state, demonstrated by electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal and enzymic criteria, was carried out. The pH optimum was near pH5.5. The placental enzyme catalysed the release of acid-soluble u.v.-dense products from haemoglobin and myoglobin. It was inhibited by heavy metals and several compounds which react with the thiol groups. The optimum temperature was between 37 degrees and 42 degrees C. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be 24250.
TL;DR: A statistically significant linear relationship was found between blood lead concentration and log e PROTO concentration and the hematocrit may be used to compensate for concurrent anemia when screening for increased lead absorption.
TL;DR: In this paper, 13 women members of the National Organization of Women (NOW) were administered the scale, which purports to measure attitudes towards the rights and roles of women in contemporary society, and the attitudes of the NOW members were significantly more feministic, suggesting that the scale is a valid measure of such attitudes.
Abstract: In order to evaluate the validity of the Spence-Helmreich Attitudes Towards Women Scale, 13 women members of the National Organization of Women (NOW) were administered the scale, which purports to measure attitudes towards the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. In comparison with normative data for female college students and mothers of college students reported by Spence and Helmreich, the attitudes of the NOW members were significantly more feministic, suggesting that the scale is a valid measure of such attitudes.
TL;DR: MMPI changes following hospitalization were characterized by decreases in scale scores on almost every clinical scale with higher elevations on scales reflecting ego strength and personal guardedness, while scores on Scales Hs and Hy were particularly sensitive to changes in circumstance.
Abstract: The present investigation examined test-retest MMPI profile patterns for two highly similar groups of hardcore heroin addicts: 30 clients admitted to 6-mo. hospitalization in the NIMH Clinical Research Center, Fort Worth and 28 addicts confined approximately 6 wk. in an inpatient hospital setting. MMPI changes following hospitalization were characterized by decreases in scale scores on almost every clinical scale with higher elevations on scales reflecting ego strength and personal guardedness. Elevations on Scales Pd and Ma remained relatively constant over intake and discharge conditions, while scores on Scales Hs and Hy were particularly sensitive to changes in circumstance. Although both conditions produced diagnostic signs of general improvement, changes in personality functioning appeared to be most dramatic in the shorter, more intensive treatment condition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed that topical antibacterial therapy should be reserved only for that group of patients in whom burn wound sepsis is a significant threat to survival or functional disability.