Morehouse College

About: Morehouse College is a education organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 453 authors who have published 673 publications receiving 11136 citations.

Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.

Abstract: These pediatric hypertension guidelines are an update to the 2004 “Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.” Significant changes in these guidelines include (1) the replacement of the term “prehypertension” with the term “elevated blood pressure,” (2) new normative pediatric blood pressure (BP) tables based on normal-weight children, (3) a simplified screening table for identifying BPs needing further evaluation, (4) a simplified BP classification in adolescents ≥13 years of age that aligns with the forthcoming American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology adult BP guidelines, (5) a more limited recommendation to perform screening BP measurements only at preventive care visits, (6) streamlined recommendations on the initial evaluation and management of abnormal BPs, (7) an expanded role for ambulatory BP monitoring in the diagnosis and management of pediatric hypertension, and (8) revised recommendations on when to perform echocardiography in the evaluation of newly diagnosed hypertensive pediatric patients (generally only before medication initiation), along with a revised definition of left ventricular hypertrophy. These guidelines include 30 Key Action Statements and 27 additional recommendations derived from a comprehensive review of almost 15 000 published articles between January 2004 and July 2016. Each Key Action Statement includes level of evidence, benefit-harm relationship, and strength of recommendation. This clinical practice guideline, endorsed by the American Heart Association, is intended to foster a patient- and family-centered approach to care, reduce unnecessary and costly medical interventions, improve patient diagnoses and outcomes, support implementation, and provide direction for future research.

Does a defect of energy metabolism in the nerve fiber underlie axonal degeneration in polyneuropathies

Abstract: A number of chemically unrelated neurotoxic compounds and several types f metabolic abnormalities cause strikingly similar patterns of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy in humans and animals. Experimental studies with laboratory species have demonstrated that many toxic polyneuropathies are associated with distal and retrograde axonal degeneration occurring in vulnerable nerve fiber tracts in the central as well as the peripheral nervous system. This has been termed central-peripheral distal axonopathy. Recent observations from the authors' laboratories regarding (1) the spatial-temporal evolution of nerve fiber degeneration in experimental toxic neuropathies and (2) the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes by chemically unrelated neurotoxic compounds point to a common metabolic basis for many distal axonopathies. It is postulated that neurotoxic compounds deplete energy supplies in the axon by inhiniting nerve fiber enzymes required for the maintenance of energy synthesis. Resupply of enzymes from the neuronal soma fails to meet the increased demand for enzyme replacement in the axon, causing the concentration of enzymes to drop in distal regions. This leads to a local blockade of energy-dependent axonal transport, which produces a series of pathological changes culminating in distal nerve fiber degeneration. The idea provides a working hypothesis with which to study the cause of inherited and acquired human and animal polyneuropathies.