Showing papers by "Moscow State University published in 1973"
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: The comparison of records of normal subjects and of patients with a delusional form of schizophrenia subjected to special tasks is discussed, discussing the changes that develop in the frontal lobes of the brain during mental exercise.
Abstract: Publisher Summary
The frontal lobes play a most important role in human mental activity. Frontal lobe lesions lead to disturbances of conscious behavior. The formal intellect of those patients may remain relatively intact, but they are unable to properly interact with their cultural environment. The delicate components of their mental activity are lost, their critical faculties are violated, and they become spontaneous. Their ability to work out programs of proper behavior, as it were, becomes lost. Specific features of activity of the human frontal lobes may best be investigated under conditions where the patient must fulfill some special task. It is important to study the changes that develop in the frontal lobes of the brain during mental exercise. Electrophysiological methods have been used, along with other methods, to determine the exact nature of that difficulty in mental activity. This chapter discusses the comparison of records of normal subjects and of patients with a delusional form of schizophrenia subjected to special tasks. Mental strain is of particular importance there. When the frontal lobes become nonfunctional, mental activity markedly slows down. The functional state of the cortical frontal lobes and their participation in mental activity are to a considerable degree determined by the corticosubcortical correlations and, above all, by influences exerted by the reticular formation of the midbrain.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electron hopping in presence of both an electric field and a temperature gradient is considered, and the transport coefficients are obtained and the temperature dependence of the hopping thermopower is discussed for different temperature regions.
Abstract: The electron hopping in presence of both an electric field and a temperature gradient is considered. Expressions for the transport coefficients are obtained, and the temperature dependence of the hopping thermopower is discussed for different temperature regions.
145 citations
TL;DR: The action spectrum of this process is similar to the absorption spectrum of the visual pigment rhodopsin and the spectral sensitivity curve of frog retina, indicating that the photosensitive pigment participates in the induction of lipid photooxidation.
140 citations
TL;DR: A positive correlation between the G + C and 5-methylcytosine contents in the DNA of animals belonging to one class is observed and it is believed that the tissue differences with regard to the 5- methylcytose content in theDNA of the organism are due to the various levels and specific character of DNA methylation.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors dealt with the electro-filtrational fields formed near the drainage structures and the main laws of deformation of these fields above vertical and horizontal drains.
Abstract: The paper deals with the electro-filtrational fields formed near the drainage structures Main laws of deformation of these fields above vertical and horizontal drains are considered and practical examples supplied
109 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-mode strip double-heterostructure laser is investigated with a high-time resolution (10-10s) spectrometer apparatus, and the properties of a laser with such a cavity are described.
Abstract: Single-mode (SM) laser radiation from a GaAs diode is obtained using a composite cavity which can be tuned to select a desired spectral mode. The properties of a laser with such a cavity are described. The kinetics of the spectra of the single-mode strip double-heterostructure laser is investigated with a high time resolution (10-10s) spectrometer apparatus. At sufficiently high currents above threshold a transition from SM to multimode operation occurs with breaks in the stable SM oscillation. Such an event is accompanied by a frequency self-modulation of the oscillation with a self-induced intensity pulsation at the same microwave frequency. Multimode oscillation appears simultaneously with the pulsation of the radiation, and the SM output power is limited due to such pulsations.
62 citations
TL;DR: The ionic equilibria for poly-4-vinyl pyridine (P4VP) and poly-2-vinyl pyridis (P2VP) were studied by physico-chemical techniques such as potentiometry, viscosity and NMR-1 H as discussed by the authors.
59 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: The NMR 13 C (CMR) spectrum of high molecular weight (M = 20,000) branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) obtained by polymerization of EI in aqueous and alcoholic solutions at 50° with 1,3-dichloropropanol as initiator, contains 8 lines.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model is proposed for the description of stripping to a resonant state, based on the peripheral model of binary direct reactions which was developed recently within the framework of the dispersion theory of direct interactions.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Fokker-Planck kinetic equation is derived for charged particle scattering in planar channeling, and the main factors that affect dechanneling are examined. But the importance of nuclear scattering due to discreteness of the atomic plane is demonstrated.
Abstract: Planar channeling is discussed. The Fokker-Planck kinetic equation is derived for charged particle scattering in planar channeling. The main factors that affect dechanneling are examined. Comparison of the obtained solutions with experimental data on dechanneling shows satisfactory agrceinent. The importance of nuclear scattering due to discreteness of the atomic plane is demonstrated. The depth-dependcncc of the flux peaking effect is investigated. Also, the dependence of a channeled ion profile on direction, energy, and temperature is studied. It is inferred that the approximation of monotonic gain of the transverse energy (that is commonly used in the interpretation of experiments and that docs not include the diffusion in the transverse energy space) proves to be unsatisfactory.
01 Oct 1973
TL;DR: On the basis of the above estimation of the maximal τ 1 value, the minimal chlorophyll a molecular interaction energy is 0.02 eV, which correspond to the excition type of energy migration in Photosystem I.
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of the residual electrical resistance of disordered alloys is presented in the framework of the coherent-potential approximation, which can be applied to calculate the concentration dependence of magnetization, spin-up and spin-down resistivities, and spontaneous resistivity anisotropy of ferromagnetic alloys.
Abstract: A theory of the residual electrical resistance of ferromagnetic disordered alloys is presented in the framework of the coherent-potential approximation. It generalizes a previous calculation made for a two-band model Hamiltonian relevant for transition-metal-based alloys. This formalism can be applied to calculate the concentration dependence of magnetization, spin-up and spin-down resistivities, and spontaneous resistivity anisotropy of ferromagnetic alloys. These quantities are computed for a simple model of NiCu and are found to be in good agreement with observation.
TL;DR: An analytical version of the modified Firsov theory for the calculation of inelastic energy losses of ions traversing through crystalline and amorphous targets was derived in this paper, which describes correctly the dependence of the energy loss on the atomic number of the target atoms and incident ions.
Abstract: An analytical version is derived of the modified Firsov theory for the calculation of inelastic energy losses of ions traversing through crystalline and amorphous targets. Shell effects are included. The model describes correctly the dependence of the inelastic energy loss on the atomic number of the target atoms and incident ions and yields a fair agreement with experimental data.
[Russian Text Ignored].
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of salt concentration and pH of eluent on protein elution volumes from aminosilochrom columns is discussed, and it is possible to use the aminosILochrom for chromatographic separation of proteins.
Abstract: Adsorption and chromatography of several proteins on macroporous silica — Silochrom was investigated. Chemical modification of the Silochrom surface by means of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane eliminates irreversible protein adsorption. The effect of salt concentration and pH of eluent on protein elution volumes from “aminosilochrom” columns is discussed. It is possible to use the aminosilochrom for chromatographic separation of proteins.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Data obtained indicate the presence of a humidity regulating mechanism on the cellular level in lower plants in Cryptococcus albidus var.
Abstract: Low humidity is considered one of the main obstacles for life on Mars. Mechanisms of adaptation to extreme low humidity are investigated in asporogenic yeasts. Cryptococcus albidus var. diffluens inhabits the high mountain deserts of the Pamirs and the Tien Shan. The spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance method shows that different ways of drying do not extract all liquid water from the cells. Residual humidity of the Cryptococcus cells may reach 30%. The polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus delays the drying process noticeably and also collects moisture at low relative humidity. The considerable quantity of conserved liquid water allows Cryptococcus to adapt to the great periodic oscillations of relative humidity resulting from the great diurnal temperature changes in the high mountain deserts. Data obtained indicate the presence of a humidity regulating mechanism on the cellular level in lower plants.
TL;DR: Full neuropsychological analysis of disorders of naming will enable us to understand more adequately the nature of the syndrome of amnesic aphasia.
01 Mar 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the coefficients of the virial equation of the adsorption isotherms in the exponential form were determined from the experimental X-zeolites of rare gases, methane, ethane and ethylene adsorbed on graphitized thermal carbon black and by X-ZEolites.
Abstract: The coefficients of the virial equation of the adsorption isotherms in the exponential form were determined from the experimental isotherms of rare gases, methane, ethane and ethylene adsorbed on graphitized thermal carbon black and by X-zeolites. The obtained dependences of these coefficients on temperature made it possible to calculate the adsorption amount at different pressures and temperatures and the heat of adsorption, at small and moderate coverages. This method allows calculating the adsorption isotherms both with and without the inflection point for nonporous and microporous adsorbents. This method allows also determining Henry's constants and heats of adsorption at zero coverage and, less reliably, the second virial coefficients from experimental data. The values of these two (first and second) coefficients are independent of both the number of experimental points used in the fit and the number of the virial coefficients taken into account (from three to six).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have shown that radical copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene in the presence of Al(C2H5)2Cl or ZnCl2 results in alternating copolymers.
Abstract: Radical copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene in the presence of Al(C2H5)2Cl or ZnCl2 results in alternating copolymers. The nature of active centers and the mechanism of polymerization in these systems have been studied by means of ESR measurements in combination with calorimetry at low temperatures. The active centers are monoradicals propagating by alternative addition of single monomer molecules; thus the reaction can be described in terms of a conventional kinetic scheme of radical additional polymerization. Participation of binary donor—acceptor complexes of the monomers in the reaction has not been confirmed. Similar conclusions have been drawn for the other alternating system studied, maleic anhydride–2,3-dimethylbutadiene. The feasibility of formation of alternating copolymers in the studied systems by the conventional mechanism of binary radical copolymerization has been confirmed by qualitative quantum-chemical treatment of the propagation reactions with due account to the donor–acceptor interactions in the transition state.
TL;DR: The activation of swine pepsinogen is shown to be accompanied by specific cleavage of Leu-Ile bond in the sequence: Ala 41 Ala Ala Leu Ile Gly 46 where Ile-45 represents the N-terminal residue of pepin.
TL;DR: Thiamine pyrophosphate, when bound with transketolase (TK) induces some changes in the absorption of the enzyme and coenzyme which can be registered by difference spectrophotometry and the possibility is discussed of the charge transfer complex (CTC) being involved in the catalytic reaction.
TL;DR: The study of the energy-transducing mechanisms of mitochondrial membrane has revealed the existence of a system carrying out ion uptake and extrusion when the membrane is energized, which proved to be very specific to the charge on the molecule.
TL;DR: The 13C line shapes at various temperatures have been analysed, to give the activation barriers to rotation around the C-N bond in stereoisomeric 2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid N,N-diethylamides (ΔH ‡ = 16·7 ± 0·5 kcal/mole, ΔS ‡= -0·6 ± 1·6 e.u. for the cis isomer), around the Ar-N(O) bond in p-nitroso-N, N-dimethylan
Abstract: The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance technique has been applied to dynamical processes occurring in a number of compounds for which a 1H study would be difficult, owing to complications in the proton spectra. Simple 13C signals in the proton-decoupled spectra are very convenient. The 13C line shapes at various temperatures have been analysed, to give the activation barriers to rotation around the C-N bond in stereoisomeric 2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid N,N-diethylamides (ΔH ‡ = 16·7 ± 0·5 kcal/mole, ΔS ‡ = -0·6 ± 1·6 e.u. for the trans isomer; ΔH ‡ = 18·4 ± 0·6 kcal/mole, ΔS ‡ = 2·8 ± 1·9 e.u. for the cis isomer), around the Ar-N(O) bond in p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline (ΔH ‡ = 14·5 ± 0·6 kcal/mole, ΔS ‡ = 4·0 ± 2·0 e.u.), around the C-C bond in 9-chloromethyltriptycene (ΔH ‡ = 13·5 ± 0·7 kcal/mole, ΔS ‡ = -1·8 ± 2·5 e.u.) and to the nitrogen inversion in N-(1,2-dicarbomethoxyethyl)-aziridine (ΔH ‡ = 21·8 ± 0·9 kcal/mole, ΔS ‡ = 10·6 ± 3·6 e.u.).
TL;DR: The conclusive step of interaction, target cell destruction, has been inhibited by pronase and lysosome-active drugs (trypan blue, chlorochin, prednisolon).
TL;DR: Results and data of comparative studies of nucleic acid labelling by [5-methyl-14C]thymine suggest that the incorporation of thymine and thymidine into nucleic acids of A. nidulans and S. aquatilis is accompanied by demethylation of these precursors.
Abstract: The labelling of nucleic acids of growing cells of the blue-green algae Anacystis nidulans and Synechocystis aquatilis by radioactive precursors has been studies. A. nidulans cells most actively incorporate radioactivity from [2-14C]uracil into both RNA and DNA, while S. aquatilis cells incorporate most effectively [2-14C]uracil and [2-14C]thymine. Deoxyadenosine does not affect incorporation of label from [2-14C]thymidine into DNA, but weakly inhibits [2-14C]thymine incorporation into both nucleic acids and significantly suppresses the incorporation of [2-14C]uracil. The radioactivity from [2-14C]uracil and [2-14C]thymine is found in RNA uracil and cytosine and DNA thymine and cytosine. The radioactivity of [2-14C]thymidine is incorporated into DNA thymine and cytosine. These results and data of comparative studies of nucleic acid labelling by [2-14C]thymine and [5-methyl-14C]thymine suggest that the incorporation of thymine and thymidine into nucleic acids of A. nidulans and S. aquatilis is accompanied by demethylation of these precursors. In this respect blue-green algae resemble fungi and certain green algae.
TL;DR: By measuring the effect of the inhibitors on the surface tension at the heptane-water interphase, it has been shown that the concentrations of hydrophobic inhibitors in the water phase required to fill 50% of the interphase boundary area are very close to the concentration of these substances which decrease the rate of mitochondrial respiration by 50%.
Abstract: Various classes of hydrophobic organic compounds of the aliphatic and aromatic series specifically inhibit electron transfer in the respiratory chain between NAD and cytochromeb. In liver mitochondria this effect can be reversed by vitamin K3. There is a quantitative correlation between the inhibitory activity of these compounds and the value of their partition coefficients in octanol-water. By measuring the effect of the inhibitors on the surface tension at the heptane-water interphase, it has been shown that the concentrations of hydrophobic inhibitors in the water phase required to fill 50% of the interphase boundary area are very close to the concentrations of these substances which decrease the rate of mitochondrial respiration by 50%. The conclusion is drawn that the region of the NADH dehydrogenase which binds these inhibitors resembles, in its adsorbtional properties, the hydrocarbon-water interphase. Anions of carboxylic acids and phenols with pKa<7.7 inhibit the respiratory chain before, and not after, NADH. Their effect is not reversed by vitamin K3. In this case, again, the efficiency of the inhibitor depends upon their lipid solubility. The fact that electroneutral hydrophobic compounds inhibit the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase, whereas charged ones do not, is discussed in connection with the mechanism of action of this enzyme. It is proposed that, after reduction, the negatively charged carrier dissociates from the hydrophobic region of the enzyme.
TL;DR: In this article, a non-canonical basis corresponding to the reduction SO (5)⊃ SU 2 (T )×U 1 valid for the arbitrary irreducible representations of the group SO(5) is developed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of solvent on the rates and mechanisms of organometallic reactions has been analyzed and discussed and indicate that the effect is very complex and there is no overall explanation for the effect and that indeed such an explanation seems at present to be non-existent.