Showing papers by "National University of Singapore published in 1985"
TL;DR: This article found that the level of formal education of farmers was not a significant factor, but that farmers' non-formal education (understanding of the technology) was a significant influence.
Abstract: With a yield function that gave a maximum attainable yield, and the yield performance of the farmers in relation to this, and with multiple classification analysis of the differences between the maximum and actual yields, it was found that the level of formal education of farmers was not a significant factor, but that farmers’ non‐formal education (understanding of the technology), which was independent of formal education, was a significant influence.
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new performance model for dynamic locking is proposed, based on a flow diagram and using only the steady state average values of the variables, which is general enough to handle nonuniform access, shared locks, static locking, multiple transaction classes, and transactions of indeterminate length.
Abstract: A new performance model for dynamic locking is proposed. It is based on a flow diagram and uses only the steady state average values of the variables. It is general enough to handle nonuniform access, shared locks, static locking, multiple transaction classes, and transactions of indeterminate length. The analysis is restricted to the case in which all conflicts are resolved by restarts. It has been shown elsewhere that, under certain conditions, this pure restart policy is as good as, if not better than, a policy that uses both blocking and restarts.The analysis is straightforward, and the computational complexity of the solution, given some nonrestrictive approximations, does not depend on the input parameters. The solution is also well defined and well behaved. The model's predictions agree well with simulation results.The model shows that data contention can cause the throughput to thrash, and gives a limit on the workload that will prevent this. It also shows that systems with a particular kind of nonuniform access and systems in which transactions share locks are equivalent to systems in which there is uniform access and only exclusive locking. Static locking has higher throughput, but longer response time, than dynamic locking. Replacing updates by queries in a multiprogramming mix may degrade performance if the queries are longer than the updates.
119 citations
TL;DR: For example, this article found that high and low-power superiors in cooperation had positive expectations, interacted constructively, restated the task, responded to requests for assistance, and developed a positive relationship compared to high-and low power superiors in individualistic and competitive situations.
113 citations
TL;DR: Thyroxine (Eltroxin, Glaxo) further improved egg viability and hatchability, and promoted larval survival, growth and development, but the relative efficacy of the different concentrations of thyroxine in the ambient medium depended on the salinity of the medium.
113 citations
TL;DR: The evidence for Singapore manufacturing industries indicates that this has not been the case as discussed by the authors, and three hypotheses are suggested as the possible reasons for this result: the predominance of foreign capital in Singapore manufacturing, the government's lowage policy combined with the influx of low-skilled foreign labour and the relatively low level of industrial competence in Singapore.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the uptake capacity of chemically treated human hair waste for the various metal ions can be arranged in the following decreasing order: Hg2+ (Hg+), Ag+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+(Cu+), Cr6+, Ni2+, Cr3+.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the separation of an aqueous mixture of fructose and glucose has been carried out in a simulated moving bed counter-current adsorption system, operated in a manner similar to the UOP “Sorbex” process.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of an experimental study of a simulated counter-current adsorption system for separation of glucose-fructose mixtures are presented, under a wide range of conditions, and it is shown that the behaviour of the system, under steady state conditions, may be well described in terms of an equivalent countercurrent flow system.
81 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the findings from a test of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in a multi-ethnic society, Singapore, and the possibility of a cultural bias.
81 citations
TL;DR: A new method for specifically staining the iron atoms present in transferrin and lactoferrin after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing is described, which is very rapid as the serum transferrin bands can be seen within 5 to 10 min of staining.
70 citations
TL;DR: The Toda flow and related flows extend naturally to operators in Hilbert space and the purpose of this paper is to describe these flows and to analyse some of their special properties as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: A model of mastication, derived from studies on modern Homo sapiens, is proposed to analyse postcanine tooth size in hominids and it is suggested that Australopithecus robustus was indeed a specialized grass seed, legume and root eater whereas early Homo had a much more diverse fruit, root and meat diet.
TL;DR: The Lakatosian sophisticated methodological falsification framework is introduced in this article, compared with other philosophies of science, and applied to reconstruct marketing science. From this the location of the location...
Abstract: The Lakatosian sophisticated methodological falsification framework is introduced, compared with other philosophies of science, and applied to reconstruct marketing science. From this the location ...
TL;DR: Solutions of the scalar wave equation are presented in this article, giving, explicitly, the excitation and subsequent attenuation of leaky modes in optical waveguides, and they show that leaky mode attenuation can be achieved by using an optical waveguide.
Abstract: Solutions of the scalar wave equation are presented giving, explicitly, the excitation and subsequent attenuation of leaky modes in optical waveguides.
TL;DR: It is found that 65% of nulliparas with an unfavourable cervix who had induction of labour performed by amniotomy and simultaneous oxytocic infusion came to Caesarean section, two‐thirds because of failed induction.
Abstract: Over a 15-month period 1,057 consecutive inductions of labour were performed representing a 10% induction rate; 174 (16.5%) of these patients were delivered by Caesarean section of which 74 (7.0%) were for failed induction of labour, 58 (5.5%) for fetal distress, 19 (1.8%) for cephalopelvic disproportion, 6 for malposition and 17 for other reasons. The mean cervical score at induction of labour was 5.7 and 5.5 for cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and malposition respectively but was 4.0 for failed induction. The mean cervical dilatation at the time of Caesarean section was 5.7 cm and 6.6 cm for CPD and malposition respectively whereas it was 3.5 cm for failed induction. Mean maximum dose of oxytocin was 19.2 milliunits per minute (mu/min) and 22.5 mu/min for CPD and malposition respectively whereas it was 24.7 mu/min for cases of failed induction. Nulliparas with a cervical score of 3 or less had a 65.4% Caesarean section rate of which more than two-thirds were for failed induction of labour. Analysis of indications for induction of labour revealed that a fair number of inductions had debatable obstetric indications. Tailoring induction of labour to the cervical score and indication might reduce the Caesarean section rate for failed induction of labour. Rational management to ensure an adequate dose of oxytocin and sufficient time in the first stage of labour is important. Failed induction of labour may be differentiated from failure of labour progress due to CPD or malposition.
TL;DR: In this paper, a computational scheme using the technique of control parameterization is developed for solving a class of optimal control problems involving nonlinear hereditary systems with linear control constraints, and several examples have been solved to test the efficiency of the technique.
Abstract: In this paper, a computational scheme using the technique of control parameterization is developed for solving a class of optimal control problems involving nonlinear hereditary systems with linear control constraints. Several examples have been solved to test the efficiency of the technique.
TL;DR: The effects of partially purified insulin-generated mediators from rat skeletal muscle were compared to those of insulin on intact adipocytes and insulin and insulin mediator stimulated both pyruvate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase activity of intact adipocyte.
Abstract: The effects of partially purified insulin-generated mediators from rat skeletal muscle were compared to those of insulin on intact adipocytes. Insulin and insulin mediator stimulated both pyruvate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase activity of intact adipocytes. In contrast, insulin stimulated glucose oxidation and 3-O-methylglucose transport, whereas insulin-generated mediators had no effect. Insulin-generated mediators cannot account for all the pleiotropic effects of insulin, especially membrane-controlled processes.
TL;DR: Treatment of post-yolk-sac larvae of milkfish, Chanos chanos with L-thyroxine-sodium by immersion in 0.5 ppm solution markedly accelerated their growth and development, and by day 15 of the treatment, the treated larvae had become silvery, opaque and adult-like in form, whereas the control larvae were still slender and transparent with incomplete silvering of the body.
TL;DR: In this article, a new method of designing decentralised stabilisers for improved dynamic performance of multimachine power systems is presented, which determines the parameters of all stabilisers in the system such that some or all of its mechanical modes eigenvalues have desired locations in the complex plane.
Abstract: This paper presents a new method of designing decentralised stabilisers for improved dynamic performance of multimachine power systems. The method determines the parameters of all stabilisers in the system such that some or all of its mechanical modes eigenvalues have desired locations in the complex plane. The proposed algorithm is general, effective and simple to apply. This is illustrated through three numerical examples including a three-machine and nine-machine infinite bus power systems, and with different degrees of system modelling.
TL;DR: In this article, two relatively robust tests are proposed and are found to be highly powerful in detecting structural shift in time series data, which is a common problem in a relationship dealing with time series.
Abstract: Structural shift is a common problem in a relationship dealing with time series data. Chow (1960) developed a test to detect such a shift under the assumption that observations both before and after the shift have the same variance. Structural shifts, however, often accompany changes in variance as well, and the Chow test is not robust to such changes. Two relatively robust tests are proposed and are found to be highly powerful.
TL;DR: During the present survey, specimens of E. labracis were found only on the gills of striped bass, and preferred site of attachment was observed to be the outer surface of the upper gill arch.
Abstract: females, 14 were males. Both fish from the Minas Basin region were males, 4 and 5 years of age, and 43.3 and 46.0 cm in length, respectively. During the present survey, specimens of E. labracis were found only on the gills of striped bass. Preferred site of attachment was observed to be the outer surface of the upper gill arch. Newly attached juvenile females and females with egg sacs were found. No males of the species were observed. Hyperplasia of the gill filaments was often observed in association with infections of E. labracis.
TL;DR: An electron microscope study of the corpus callosum in postnatal rats of various ages was carried out to elucidate the fate of the amoeboid microglial cells.
Abstract: An electron microscope study of the corpus callosum in postnatal rats of various ages was carried out to elucidate the fate of the amoeboid microglial cells. The cells present in the corpus callosum of younger rats (3-5 days) were round and showed an eccentric nucleus with marginal chromatin. They displayed numerous lysosomal granules and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. In older animals, i. e., from 7 days onwards some of the cells became oval so that by 15-20 days of age most of the cells were elongated and branched. In the latter, the cells showed a flattened or angular nucleus with dense chromatin clumps. The cytoplasm showed fewer lysosomal granules and vacuoles which were absent in cells of 20 day old animals. Quantitative measurements showed that there was a gradual diminution in the amount of cytoplasm at the cell body of amoeboid microglial cells with age, so that by the age of 20 days the cells were reduced to less than one-third of their original size as seen in 3 day old rats. The reduction of cytoplasm at the cell body is probably because it is channelled to the cytoplasmic processes which are evident in older rats. Some cytoplasm may have been extruded and phagocytosed by companion cell types.
TL;DR: The authors examined macro strategies from a social psychological perspective in terms of assimilation and integration, highlighting the issues of ethnicity, language and intergroup relations in Malaysia and Singapore, with a focus on Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in both countries.
Abstract: Malaysia and Singapore — two multilinguistic, multi‐ethnic and multi‐religious nations — have chosen contrasting approaches to the problems of multiculturalism and nation‐building. Prefaced with an historical and socio‐political background, this paper examines these macro strategies from a social psychological perspective in terms of assimilation and integration, highlighting the issues of ethnicity, language and intergroup relations. Although available empirical research is scarce, a variety of issues in intergroup relations have received, and deserve further, attention: social identity; ethnic group stereotypes; intergroup attributions; and social distance. The available data are integrated with a focus on the Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in both countries. Limited research on language issues is also reviewed, including work on language policy, attitudes and usage. Comparisons between Malaysia and Singapore should be made with great caution, but the offer of rich contrastive data should insp...
TL;DR: In this article, Martingales and stochastic integrals are applied to prove Poincare-type inequalities involving probability distributions on the Euclidean space, which generalize and improve several results in the literature.
Abstract: Martingales and stochastic integrals are applied to prove Poincare-type inequalities involving probability distributions on the Euclidean space. These inequalities generalize and improve several results in the literature and are shown to yield weighted Poincare inequalities on some special compact manifolds. This leads to a new method of calculating all the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on then-sphere. As a by-product the eigenvalues are shown to be related to the moments of a probability distribution.
TL;DR: In this article, the transient response of a simulated counter-current adsorption system has been studied experimentally and the experimental transient concentration profiles agree well with the theoretical profiles calculated from the equilibrium stage model with the number of theoretical stages estimated a priori from pulse chromatographic measurements.
TL;DR: Depo-Provera may have an advantage over oral pills on a short term basis as there are less alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
TL;DR: The origin and distribution of cortical granules were investigated in human preovulatory oocytes at various phases of maturation and the roles of the nucleolus and endoplasmic reticulum in relation to Golgi activity and cell secretion were discussed.
Abstract: The origin and distribution of cortical granules were investigated in human preovulatory oocytes at various phases of maturation. Twenty-five oocytes obtained from unstimulated small antral follicles and from stimulated large antral and mature follicles were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Ovarian stimulation in women was accomplished by administering Clomid followed by hMG or hCG or both. Small antral follicle oocytes were dissected from ovarian biopsies, while the other oocytes were recovered by laparoscopy. Some oocytes were allowed to mature in Ham's F-10 or Whittingham's T-6 media before routine fixation in glutaraldehyde/osmium. Cortical granules originate from typical, hypertrophic Golgi complexes during early maturation and continue till its completion. Evidently there are two waves of cortical granule synthesis, the first more prolific than the second. The first occurred in small antral follicle oocytes, when there was a peak in Golgi activity, and the second was observed at the germinal vesicle stage, particularly at the onset of resumption of meiosis. Golgi complexes became progressively scarce as oocytes completed first maturation. Golgi membranes were also involved in the formation of lysosomes. A well-defined band of microfilaments was detected in small antral follicle oocytes which seemed to prevent the cortical granules, organized in a single layer, from migrating to the periphery. This band gradually became disorganized at the germinal vesicle stage as oocytes resumed meiosis, when cortical granules were apparently migrating to the surface. Metaphase I and mature oocytes had one to three discontinuous layers of cortical granules beneath the oolemma. The general organization of oocytes was also investigated and the roles of the nucleolus and endoplasmic reticulum in relation to Golgi activity and cell secretion were discussed.
TL;DR: The need for and benefits to be derived from such a body are not always appreciated as discussed by the authors, and the factors to consider in setting up such an agency, the problems it might encounter and ways of making it effective are also discussed.
Abstract: Several countries are establishing statutory bodies to manage the improvement of their construction industries.The need for and benefits to be derived from such a body are not always appreciated. This paper reviews the activities of two of these bodies, outlines their essential features and demonstrates the role an institution of this nature can play. The factors to consider in setting up such an agency, the problems it might encounter and ways of making it effective are also discussed.
DOI•
01 May 1985TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for designing decentralised stabilisers in multimachine power systems is presented, where the main design objective is to enhance the dynamic stability of a power system by applying powersystem stabilisers with parameters so determined that some or all of the system mechanical-mode eigenvalues have prescribed values.
Abstract: The paper presents a new method for designing decentralised stabilisers in multimachine power systems. Here the main design objective is to enhance the dynamic stability of a power system by applying powersystem stabilisers with parameters so determined that some or all of the system mechanical-mode eigenvalues have prescribed values. The usefulness of the proposed method is illustrated through numerical examples, including two multimachine power systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion system was used to treat a palm oil mill effluent (POME) containing around 63,000 mg l−1 COD.