Showing papers by "Nokia published in 1999"

Advanced Interaction in Context

Abstract: Mobile information appliances are increasingly used in numerous different situations and locations, setting new requirements to their interaction methods When the user's situation, place or activity changes, the functionality of the device should adapt to these changes In this work we propose a layered real-time architecture for this kind of context-aware adaptation based on redundant collections of low-level sensors Two kinds of sensors are distinguished: physical and logical sensors, which give cues from environment parameters and host information A prototype board that consists of eight sensors was built for experimentation The contexts are derived from cues using real-time recognition software, which was constructed after experiments with Kohonen's Self-Organizing Maps and its variants A personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone were used with the prototype to demonstrate situational awareness On the PDA font size and backlight were changed depending on the demonstrated contexts while in mobile phone the active user profile was changed The experiments have shown that it is feasible to recognize contexts using sensors and that context information can be used to create new interaction metaphors

Data is more than knowledge: implications of the reversed knowledge hierarchy for knowledge management and organizational memory

Abstract: In knowledge management literature it is often pointed out that it is important to distinguish between data, information and knowledge. The generally accepted view sees data as simple facts that become information as data is combined into meaningful structures, which subsequently become knowledge as meaningful information is put into a context and when it can be used to make predictions. This view sees data as a prerequisite for information, and information as a prerequisite for knowledge. I explore the conceptual hierarchy of data, information and knowledge, showing that data emerges only after we have information, and that information emerges only after we already have knowledge. The reversed hierarchy of knowledge is shown to lead to a different approach in developing information systems that support knowledge management and organizational memory. It is also argued that this difference may have major implications for organizational flexibility and renewal.

A time and frequency synchronization scheme for multiuser OFDM

Abstract: We present a multiuser synchronization scheme for tracking the mobile's uplink time and frequency offsets. It uses the redundancy introduced by the cyclic prefix and does not need additional pilots. We show performance results of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio interface based on the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) parameters. For a UMTS-typical mobile channel environment, the performance of a coherent system employing the scheme is virtually indistinguishable from the performance of a perfectly synchronized system. In a differentially modulated system, synchronization errors decrease the system performance by about 0.7 dB compared to a perfectly synchronized system.

Information retrieval system

Abstract: A method and devices for a mobile person's information retrieval where, when the person is moving, on coming closer to a point of destination, defined by him as being interesting, than a specified threshold separation, he will be informed of such a point of interest and, on request, additional data will be presented on it, such as driving instructions or a map. The person is also offered a button with which he can make a call to the phone number of the point of interest presented each time. The person can add by himself new points of interest and select from available points of interest individual or several points of interest on the basis of their class, such as, e.g. restaurants or service stations.

Group communication device and method

Abstract: A method for voice based communication between a number of mobile terminals of a telecommunication network, the method comprising the steps of creating a group of said number of terminals and storing group information in each of the number of terminals, recording a voice message in one of the terminals of the group, dispatching the voice message to the terminals of the group from the one of the terminals, and receiving the voice message at at least all other terminals of the group. The step of creating a group of terminals further comprises the steps of coupling together a number of mobile terminals, initiating a group creation command from at least one of the terminals, sending predetermined information from terminal to terminal to each terminal of the number of terminals for forming a group information, and transmitting the group information to all of the terminals thus forming a group of the terminals.

Context sensitive pop-up window for a portable phone

Abstract: A portable phone is described having a display, input device for inputting information and instructions, and a control unit controlling the display in dependence on the operation of the input device. The input device includes a navigation device for moving a marker in an active part of the display. The navigation device is provided with a roller body and includes the ability for detecting the rolling and depression of the roller body and for providing control signals in response thereto. In an information input mode, the control unit moves the marker in the display in dependence on the rolling control signal and generates a pop-up window upon reception of the depression control signal, the pop-up window covering a part of the active display and containing operations which are allowed in a position defined by the marker.

Interactive voice, wireless game system using predictive command input

Abstract: A system and a method for providing an interface to and customizing an interactive application for one or more players is provided. The interactive game of the presently preferred embodiment is played in a wireless environment using a mobile station as a user interface with commands entered via a keyboard or via voice. The game is tracked and controlled using a game center and a game server, which is typically at a location remote from the mobile station. Communication between the game server and the mobile station is typically performed using a base station connected to a telecommunications network. The game server executes a software application, which runs a game center. Individual games are managed within the context of this application.

A method and system for supporting the quality of service in wireless networks

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for supporting differentiated services (quality of service) in a radio network. A radio access system is provided which supports the quality of service in data packet transmission over its air interface. The system comprises a selection of predefined default radio flows having different quality of service characteristics and means (4, 52) for selecting a radio flow having appropriate quality of service characteristics for the packet to be transmitted over the air interface from the selection.

Cepstrum-based pitch detection using a new statistical V/UV classification algorithm

Abstract: An improved cepstrum-based voicing detection and pitch determination algorithm is presented. Voicing decisions are made using a multifeature voiced/unvoiced classification algorithm based on statistical analysis of cepstral peak, zero-crossing rate, and energy of short-time segments of the speech signal. Pitch frequency information is extracted by a modified cepstrum-based method and then carefully refined using pitch tracking, correction, and smoothing algorithms. Performance analysis on a large database indicates considerable improvement relative to the conventional cepstrum method. The proposed algorithm is also shown to be robust to additive noise.

Method for utilizing local resources in a communication system

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in data transmission between a first mobile station (MS, MS1, MS2), a second mobile station (MS, MS1, MS2), and advantageously also a server (3, SERVER), wherein the first mobile station (MS, MS1, MS2) and the second mobile station (MS, MS1, MS2) comprise protocol means (100-106) for generating and directing a request (REQUEST) which contains at least address information (URI, URL, URN) for identifying the destination of the request (REQUEST), and wherein at least the first mobile station (MS, MS1, MS2) comprises a first local resource (SC, 4), such as a smart card, connected to the same. In the information, the address information (URI, URL, URN) of the request (REQUEST) is established to identify said first local resource (SC, 4), and the request (REQUEST) is generated and directed at least partly with the help of said protocol means (100-106).

Enhanced acknowledgement pacing device and method for tcp connections

Abstract: An enhanced acknowledgement pacing device (500) and method for TCP connections is disclosed. The invention includes a link layer entity (528) for receiving data packets from a source and forwarding the data packets (540) to a forward data link, the link layer entity (528) storing the received data packets (540) in a data packet buffer (530) until the data packets depart the link layer entity (528) and are forwarded to the forward link and an acknowledgement pacing device (500), coupled to the link layer entity, for pacing acknowledgement packets (532) to be sent to the source in response to receiving the data packets (540) from the source (540). The acknowledgement pacing device (500) further includes an acknowledgement control unit (510) for monitoring congestion at the link layer entity (528) and generating a control signal for controlling the processing of acknowledgement packets (532) based upon whether congestion is occurring at the link layer entity (528), an acknowledgement packet buffer (534), coupled to the acknowledgement control unit (510), for storing acknowledgement packets (532) received from the acknowledgement control unit (510) and a scheduler (520), coupled to the acknowledgement control unit (510) and the acknowledgement buffer (534), the scheduler (520) releasing acknowledgement packets (532) to the source (540) based upon the control signal generated by the acknowledgement control unit (510).

System for profiling mobile station activity in a predictive command wireless game system

Abstract: A system and a method for the customization of an interactive game based on mobile station activity. The interactive game is played in a virtual space using a wireless mobile station as a user interface. The game is tracked and controlled using a game center and a game server. The game server executes a software application that runs a game center. A command set is provided for each state within the game. The choice of a command from the command set changes the game state. Games are designed to be customizable based on, for example, current location of the mobile station, call usage on the mobile station, or wireless services utilized by the mobile station.

Method for controlling a quality of service in a mobile communications system

Abstract: In a mobile communications system (BSS, SGSN, GGSN) having a packet data transmission capability, a dynamic packet-based quality of service (QoS) mechanism is provided within a 'transmission tunnel' defined by a more static packet data protocol context (PDP context). More particularly, each data packet is arranged to carry at least one QoS parameter, and the scheduling and the policing of the transmission of the data packets is made in packet by packet basis according to this QoS information in the packets, while, however, within the limits set by the PDP context. This concept enables to have any number of QoS profiles in use simultaneously, e.g. a dedicated QoS profile for each of several Internet user applications run in the mobile station (MS) for a IP address. Therefore, the present invention provides support for various Internet applications and their QoS requirements. Moreover, the QoS can be changed at any time after activation of the PDP context, since only the QoS information in the relevant data packets has to be changed.

Method and system for restricting the operation of a radio device within a certain area

Abstract: A cellular radio system comprises a multitude of base stations (101-106, 201-204, 211-212, 501-504) for offering a radio interface to mobile terminals (205, 215, 508). The radio interface is used for communicating general information to the mobile terminals and arranging for dedicated communication between a certain mobile terminal and the cellular radio system. For imposing restrictions to the operation of the mobile terminals on at least one isolated, geographically defined restricted area (107, 108, 200, 213) the system comprises a certain first base station arranged to transmit, similary to said general information, information about the nature of the restrictions applicable on said area to the mobile stations.

Gps location for mobile phones using the internet

Abstract: A position locating system and method are provided for determining a geographic location of a portable remote unit. The locating system includes a communications system having at least one base station and a system controller. The base station bi-directionally couples the remote unit to the system controller through wireless links. The locating system also includes a server coupled to the system controller by a communication infrastructure external to the communications system. The server includes a data store which contains satellite positioning information. In response to a message from the remote unit, the server provides satellite information to the system controller over the communication infrastructure such that the provided satellite information is passed to the remote unit by the base station. The provided satellite information includes information to aid in acquiring a predetermined number of satellites within a satellite positioning system. The acquired satellites provide coded signals for determining the geographic location of the remote unit. In one embodiment, the data communication system is a cellular telephone network and the communication infrastructure is the Internet. The Internet is coupled to the cellular telephone network through a public switched telephone network (PSTN).

Direct mode communication method between two mobile terminals in access point controlled wireless LAN systems

Abstract: There is featured a Direct Mode (DM) communication method between two mobile terminals (MTs) in access point (AP) controlled WLAN systems. The DM connection scheme calls for establishing that an initiating MT and a remote MT are associated to the same AP; establishing that the remote MT supports a DM operation feature; sending, by the AP, address identifiers of the initiating and remote MTs to the remote and initiating MTs, respectively; and sending, to the AP, RSS measurements performed by the initiating and remote MTs of MT identifying messages sent to them by the remote and initiating MTs, respectively. DM communication between the two MTs continues with exchange of information to conclusion when a MT identifying message is satisfactorily received by both MTs and when a MT identifying message of either MT is not satisfactorily received, DM communication setup is terminated.

Interception method and system

Abstract: An interception method and system for performing a lawful interception in a packet network such as the GPRS or UMTS network is described. A first network element having an intercepting function for intercepting data packets is provided, said interception function being controlled by an interception control means implemented in a second network element, wherein an intercepted data packet is transmitted from the first network element via the packet network to an interception gateway element providing an interface to a intercepting authority. The intercepted data packet is transmitted via a secure tunnel provided by an encryption processing. The interception control means and the interception gateway element may both be integrated in the second network element. The interception system has a clear advantage in scalability, no single point of failure, and an adaptation to different authority interfaces can be implemented only in the interception gateway. The network elements can be similar to a high extent for all different authority requirements.

Adaptive communication protocol for wireless networks

Abstract: A communication protocol that provides link-level and media access control (MAC) level functions for wireless (e.g., ad-hoc) networks and is robust to mobility or other dynamics, and for scaling to dense networks. In a mobile or otherwise dynamic network, any control-packet collisions will be only temporary and fair. In a dense network, the network performance degrades gracefully, ensuring that only a certain percentage of the common channel is consumed with control packets. The integrated protocol allows packets (e.g., data scheduling control packets) to be scheduled in a collision-free and predictable manner (known to all neighbors), multicast packets can be reliably scheduled, as well as streams of delay- or delay-jitter-sensitive traffic. Further, using an optional network code, the scheduling of control packets can appear to observers to be randomized.

System for communicating labeled routing trees to establish preferred paths and source routes with local identifiers in wireless computer networks

Abstract: One or more labeled routing trees (LRTS) are produced at a router of a computer network according to a shortest path determination made over a partial topology graph of the network, which graph is produced according to knowledge of adjacent links of the router and one or more LRTs of neighboring routers. The LRTs of the router may be updated in response to receipt of routing state update messages, and such messages may include local link identifiers assigned by a head of a link to which the identifiers pertain, and node parameters of a tail of the link to which the local link identifiers pertain. The routing state update messages may be transmitted within the network: (i) in response to a new destination node being detected by an existing node within the network, (ii) in response to a destination becoming unreachable by a collection of the existing nodes, (iii) in response to the change in the cost of a path to at least one destination exceeding a threshold and/or (iv) in situations where a routing loop may be encountered among two or more of the nodes of the network (e.g., at times when a path implied in the LRT of the router leads to a loop).

High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data

Abstract: We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of 15 high-redshift quasars (z > 3.6) discovered from ~140 deg2 of five-color (u', g', r', i', and z') imaging data taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. The quasars are selected by their distinctive colors in SDSS multicolor space. Four of the quasars have redshifts higher than 4.6 (z = 4.63, 4.75, 4.90, and 5.00, the latter being the highest redshift quasar yet known). In addition, two previously known z > 4 objects were recovered from the data. The quasars all have i* < 20 and have luminosities comparable to that of 3C 273. The spectra of the quasars have similar features (strong, broad emission lines and substantial absorption blueward of the Lyα emission line) seen in previously known high-redshift quasars. Although the photometric accuracy and image quality fail to meet the final survey requirements, our success rate for identifying high-redshift quasars (17 quasars from 27 candidates) is much higher than that of previous multicolor surveys. However, the numbers of high-redshift quasars found is in close accord with the number density inferred from previous surveys.

Method and system of shopping with a mobile device to purchase goods and/or services

Abstract: The invention is a method of facilitating shopping with a mobile device (12) to obtain a plurality of purchased goods and/or services from a group of vendors (14) located at a shopping location (16) The method of the invention includes communicating from the mobile device with at least one server a selection of the goods and/or services to be purchased by a user of the mobile device on or before the user shops at the shopping location; the at least one server, in response to information stored therein regarding vendors located at the shopping location and the goods or services offered by the vendors and the selection of the plurality of purchased goods and/or services to be purchased by the user, causes an identification of the vendors from which available selected goods or services may be purchased and the available selected goods or services to be transmitted to the mobile device; and the mobile device provides to the user an identification of the available selected goods and/or services to be purchased and an itinerary of the user setting forth at least a choice of an order in which the user visits the identified vendors to obtain the goods and/or services to be purchased which is a function of at least one profile of the user

Relative positioning and virtual objects for mobile devices

Abstract: Multiple participants can play a virtual game with each other utilizing respective mobile devices, regardless of location of the players. The virtual game can be implemented by a radio frequency protocol, such that the virtual game is played by multiple players determined to be within a radio frequency range of a requesting mobile device in accordance with a radio frequency protocol, or the virtual game can be implemented by a wireless application protocol (WAP) whereby the players can be located anywhere in the world.

A method for positioning a mobile station

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for locating a mobile station, comprising the steps of using fixed transmitting stations (BS1, BS2, BS3) for locating a target mobile station (MS1) by transmitting a measurement signal from each fixed transmitting station to said mobile station, using a relay station (MSN1 - MSN5) which is adapted to receive said measurement signal from the corresponding fixed transmitting station and to forward said signal to said target mobile station (MS1), in case a direct transmission from one or more of said fixed transmitting stations (BS1, BS2, BS3) is not available, and determining the distance between said target mobile station (MS1) to the fixed transmitting stations and/or the relay stations on the basis of said measurement signal, and locating the position of said target mobile station on the basis of the determined distances. By this method, it is possible to locate a mobile station even if there is no direct connection via air to neighbouring base stations.

System and method for determining charges for usage of a network connection

Abstract: A system and method for determining charges for use of network service connections. The network includes nodes which facilitate the transfer of information between source and destination locations. When a connection is established with a node, a billing cell is transmitted to the node over the connection which contains billing and connection information. Data cells are transmitted over the same connection subsequent to the billing cell. A terminate billing cell or conventional means may be used to drop the connection when the connection is no longer needed. The node computes the cost of using the connection based on the billing and connection information copied from the billing cell, and may also consider the connection time and the amount of data transferred over the connection. Upon establishing a subsequent connection with another node, the previous node transmits the billing cell to the new node which copies the billing cell content and, after receiving the data cells over the new connection, performs similar connection usage computations. This process is repeatded by each of the nodes involved in the transfer of information between the source and destination. The nodes transmit their respective charging information to a network billing system which generates a final bill that is forwarded to the user. The billing cell may be transmitted from the destination back to the source to verify proper operation of the billing procedure. Fixed rate and variable rate billing schemes may be implemented and augmented as needed by each network operator.

A method of and a network for handling wireless session protocol (wsp) sessions.

Abstract: A communication terminal initiates a Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) session by forwarding a request of data to a server. The request comprises an identification of the requested data and a communication terminal identification number provided by the server. The server, when receiving a request containing a communication terminal identification number, recalls user profile information from an associated database memory corresponding to said communication terminal identification number. The user profile information indicates a data format which will be handled by the communication terminal. Then the server replies to the request by forwarding the requested data in the format defined by the user profile information.

System for location specific, automatic mobile station behavior control

Abstract: A system and a method for modifying the behavioral characteristics of a mobile station terminal according to a functional location. A small transmitter, or button, which utilizes short range radio transmissions is used to define a functional location. The button is identified with particular functions using a device ID. In some of the disclosed embodiments, the button transmits the device ID continuously. In some other disclosed embodiments, the button transmission is triggered by a mobile station in proximity to the button. In some of the disclosed embodiments, the mobile station can store a mapping of device IDs to particular behaviors (or functions). In some other disclosed embodiments, the mobile station can request and receive a set of behaviors based on the device ID from a server attached to a telecommunications network. In some of the disclosed embodiments, receipt of a device ID can trigger a remote set of behaviors via a telecommunications network.

An access control method for a mobile communications system

Abstract: An access point (GGSN) from a mobile communications system to an external system is selected (3) at a serving node (SGSN) of the mobile communications system based on at least two or three grounds of selection: the subscription data of a mobile subscriber stored in the mobile communication system or an access point selection data given by a user in a service request (1), or on other grounds. The serving node sends to the access point (GGSN) selected a further service request (4) which includes indication of the grounds of the selection, i.e. whether the access point is selected by subscription, by a user, or based on any other grounds. Thereby the access point is able to distinguish and accept service requests in which the rights of the user are already assured by the subscription, without any security problems. When the request is based on the selection of the access point by the user, or on any other insecure grounds, the access point is able to make any further actions to ensure the security. These further actions may include rejection of the service request.

An antenna and method of production

Abstract: A method of producing an antenna is disclosed. The antenna is incorporated into a unitary housing element (200) of an apparatus (100). The method includes the steps of: printing onto a first surface of a carrier film (210), using conductive ink (220), the antenna; inserting the carrier film into a mould (500); and injecting a moulding material (230) into the mould (500).

Measurement reporting in a telecommunication system

Abstract: The basic idea of the present invention is to specify at least two different triggers for sending a measurement report from the mobile station to the network According to the invention, the network specifies the triggers to be used in different measurement report types The triggers are preferably upper or lower threshold values for parameters of the radio signal In response to having detected that the measured value has exceeded its upper threshold value or gone under its lower threshold, the mobile station sends the network a measurement report

Collaborative location server/system

Abstract: A collaborative location server for storing, retrieving and publishing location information with respect to a geographical point. The invention includes a storage which stores location information in corresponding relation to each of a plurality of geographical points. The location information provides information concerning the geographical points. The invention further includes storage and retrieval apparatus, responsive to a storage and retrieval request including positioning information, for storing and retrieving location information concerning a geographical point corresponding to the positioning information.