Showing papers by "Osaka University published in 1976"
TL;DR: This paper investigates the algebraic structures of fuzzy grades under the operations of join ⊔, meet ⊓, and negation ┐ which are defined by using the extension principle, and shows that convex fuzzy grades form a commutative semiring and normal convex fuzzies form a distributive lattice under ⊢ and ⊡.
Abstract: The concept of fuzzy sets of type 2 has been defined by L. A. Zadeh as an extension of ordinary fuzzy sets. The fuzzy set of type 2 can be characterized by a fuzzy membership function the grade (or fuzzy grade) of which is a fuzzy set in the unit interval [0, 1] rather than a point in [0, 1]. This paper investigates the algebraic structures of fuzzy grades under the operations of join ⊔, meet ⊔, and negation ┐ which are defined by using the extension principle, and shows that convex fuzzy grades form a commutative semiring and normal convex fuzzy grades form a distributive lattice under ⊔ and ⊓. Moreover, the algebraic properties of fuzzy grades under the operations and which are slightly different from ⊔ and ⊓, respectively, are briefly discussed.
725 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical-variational method for performing self-consistent molecular calculations in the Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) model is presented, where wavefunctions are expanded in terms of basis sets constructed from numerical HFS solutions of selected one-center atom-like problems.
Abstract: A numerical-variational method for performing self-consistent molecular calculations in the Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) model is presented Molecular wavefunctions are expanded in terms of basis sets constructed from numerical HFS solutions of selected one-center atomlike problems Binding energies and wavefunctions for the molecules are generated using a discrete variational method for a given molecular potential In the self-consistent-charge (SCC) approximation to the complete self-consistent-field (SCF) method, results of a Mulliken population analysis of the molecular eigenfunctions are used in each iteration to produce 'atomic' occupation numbers The simplest SCC potential is then obtained from overlapping spherical atomlike charge distributions Molecular ionization energies are calculated using the transition-state procedure; results are given for CO, H2O, H2S, AlCl, InCl, and the Ni5O surface complex Agreement between experimental and theoretical ionization energies for the free-molecule valence levels is generally within 1 eV The simple SCC procedure gives a reasonably good approximation to the molecular potential, as shown by comparison with experiment, and with complete SCF calculations for CO, H2O, and H2S
420 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new treatment in terms of an effective stress has been presented for analysis of the characteristics of a superelastic loop, such as the presence or absence of a peak at the yield point and the magnitude of the hysteresis.
329 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the successful construction of cells with a high power efficiency, achieving a quantum efficiency of 10−2 in the presence of dye sensitized photo-currents.
Abstract: TITANIUM oxide photocells, which are photochemically stable and decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen1,2, have a low efficiency3 and their spectral response is mostly in the ultraviolet, where the Sun's output is low. Other semiconductors such as cadmium sulphide or gallium phosphide, having smaller band gaps, are destroyed by light and their photocurrents deteriorate rather rapidly4. Photocurrents in dye sensitised photocells composed of aqueous electrolyte solutions and various semiconductor electrodes have also been studied5–7. All results obtained so far show that the dye sensitised photo-currents are very small, ∼ 10−6–10−9 A cm−2, corresponding to a quantum efficiency ≲ 10−2. In this paper we report the successful construction of cells with a high power efficiency.
306 citations
TL;DR: The current-voltage relationship showed that the membrane rectifying action was strengthened by removing the tonoplast and the cells elicited prolonged action potentials of rectangular shape, which indicated that ATP and Mg2+ were indispensable for cytoplasmic streaming in Tonoplast-free cells.
Abstract: The tonoplast of Characeae internode was removed by replacing the cell sap with solution containing a Ca2+-chelating agent EGTA [Cethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether) N, N'-tetraacetic acid]. After replacement, small endoplasmic granules and endoplasmic drops without clear outline were observed in the vacuole. These observations confirmed the disappearance of the tonoplast. Chloroplasts in the endoplasmic drop were often observed to rotate. The endoplasm remaining on the cortical gel flowed actively at nearly the same rate as endoplasm in cytoplasmic streaming of normal cells for at least several hours. ATP and Mg2+ were indispensable for cytoplasmic streaming in tonoplast-free cells. The tonoplast-free cells had very high membrane resistance. The current-voltage relationship showed that the membrane rectifying action was strengthened by removing the tonoplast. The cells elicited prolonged action potentials of rectangular shape. Cessation of cytoplasmic streaming accompanied with the action potential was never observed in tonoplast-free cells although this is generally observed in normal cells. These phenomena on tonoplast-free cells occurred only when the concentration of free Ca2+ in the perfusion medium was less than 10-6 M. The calcium concentration in the protoplasm was analyzed to estimate the free Ca2+ concentration in the cell after disintegration of the tonoplast and dispersion of the cytoplasm-bound Ca into the entire cell space.
176 citations
TL;DR: A review of the recent works on the periodic multi-soliton solutions of the KdV equation is given in this paper, where a discrete analogue of the construction of Dubrovin and Its-Matveev is also discussed.
Abstract: A review of the recent works on the periodic multi-soliton solutions of the KdV equation is given. Connection with the theory of the abelian integrals is emphasized. Discrete analogue is also discussed leading to the exact solutions of the periodic Toda lattice. the works of Gardner, Greene, Kruskal and Miura (GG KM)ll and Lax. 2> On employing the inverse scattering theory, GG KM have found that the multi-soliton solutions, the proper generalization of the classical solitary wave solutions, can be constructed from the reflectionless potentials. After the work of Novikov3> it is established that the periodic analogue of the multi-soliton solutions is connected with the potentials which have finite number of gaps in the spectrum. An explicit realization of these potentials and associated solutions of the KdV equation is given by Dubrovin4l and Its-Matveev.5l Their method is based on the theory ·of the abelian integrals and goes back to Akhiezer.6l The present authors7> develop a discrete analogue of the construction of Dubrovin and Its-Matveev. To give a review of these works is the purpose of the present paper. As an independent line of development, Lax8> and then McKean Moerbeke9l have studied the periodic problem for the Sturm-Liouville equation and the KdV equation starting from the earlier work of Hochstadt10l and employing the Hamiltonian formalism for the higher order KdV equations. The relation with the theory of the abelian integrals is also indicated in Ref. 11). In §2 we describe generalities on the spectral properties of the Sturm Liouville equation with periodic potential. The potentials with finite number (say g) of gaps in the spectrum are studied. In §3 a hyperelliptic Riemann surface of genus g is introduced so that the Bloch eigenfunction is single-valued function on the surface. Then
157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relativities of coordinated acetylene in terms of a qualitative molecular orbital picture have been analyzed and the role played by auxiliary ligands of transition metals in determining the paths of catalytic oligomerization has been discussed.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter discusses facets associated with the nature of the interactions between acetylenes and transition metals and to the insertion reactions of complexes closely related to catalysis. Although only scattered data are available, attempts were made to give a consistent interpretation of the relativities of coordinated acetylene in terms of a qualitative molecular orbital picture. Studies on elementary reactions of acetylenes with metal complexes are now beginning to shed some light on the nature of activation caused by complication. This activation is not a simple process. Many low-valent d 8 -d 10 metal complexes and also some early transition metal compounds with higher oxidation state are capable of activating acetylenes. In the former complexes, interaction would lead to activation of an n 2- acctylcne ligand to an η-acetylene having some radical as well as some anionic character. The chapter also focuses on the complex chemistry and catalytic oligomerizations of allene. It also describes the importance of the role played by auxiliary ligands of transition metals in determining the paths of catalytic oligomerizations. In general the thermal reaction of allene gives a complex mixture of dimers, trimers, and higher oligomers including small amounts of spiro compounds.
150 citations
137 citations
TL;DR: The reconstituted system containing the purified cytochrome and NAD PH-cytochrome c reductase was active in NADPH-dependent hydroxylation of benzo[α]pyrene.
131 citations
TL;DR: Block codes which are uniquely decodable and capable of correcting errors are constructed in this paper for multiple-access discrete memoryless channel coding.
Abstract: In this paper, coding for a multiple-access discrete memoryless channel is investigated. Block codes which are uniquely decodable and capable of correcting errors are constructed.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Slater molecular cluster model for the chemisorption of first-row atoms on Ni(100) surfaces is presented.
TL;DR: It is suggested that transient changes in the enlarged thyroid gland might be induced by pregnancy and delivery during the course of autoimmune thyroiditis, and titers were highest during the period of hypothyroidism and decreased thereafter.
Abstract: The spontaneous occurrence of, and recovery from primary hypothyroidism were observed after delivery in 6 women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Diffuse goiter was noticed 1–3 months after delivery. The blood thyroid hormone level was found to be lowest at 3–6 months post-partum, with a thyroxine iodine value of 1.0 ± 0.6 μg/dl (mean ± sd) (normal 3.0–7.2), triiodothyronine value of 77 ± 1 1 ng/dl (normal 90–190) and T3 resin sponge uptake of 21 ± 2.8% (normal 24–37). During this period the serum level of thyrotropin was increased to 307 ± 235 μU/ml (normal < 8) and 131I thyroid uptake in 24 hours was more than 60%. Then 6–9 months after delivery, the enlarged thyroid gland decreased in size, and the values in thyroid function tests returned to the normal range without any treatment. Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were positive in 3 cases. Anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies were positive in all cases with titers of 1:104-1:109, and titers were highest during the period of hypothyroidism and decreased thereafte...
TL;DR: In this article, the magnesium-butadiene 1 : 1 (1), 1 : 2 (II), and 1 : 3 addition compounds obtained by the direct metalation of butadiene with metallic magnesium were isolated.
TL;DR: It was found that single-shock stimulation of a group of interneurons elicited IPSPs that were effective to make principal cells unresponsive to optic tract stimuli and to arrest the cells' spontaneous discharges.
TL;DR: The question to decide whether a given Petri net is consistent, Mo-reversible or live is reduced to the reachability problem in a unified manner.
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature and orientation dependence of yield stress and slip geometrl in β Culn single crlstals has been investigated over the entire temperature range 50-300°C lhere the anomalous strength peak occurs.
TL;DR: Both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone stimulated the uptake of labeled sulfate into acid mucopolysaccharides synthesized in the growing cartilage-cell system and resting cartilage cells did not respond at all either hormone or vitamin D on sulfate uptake.
TL;DR: Characteristics of the action potential were studied under various external ionic conditions and the antagonism between monovalent and divalent cations on the state of the plasmalemma of Charara cells was discussed based on the two stable states hypothesis.
Abstract: The tonoplast of cells ofChara australis was removed by replacement of the cell sap with a medium containing 5 mM EGTA (ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether) N, N′-tetraacetic acid). Such cells without tonoplast could generate an action potential of rectangular shape. In the present paper characteristics of the action potential were studied under various external ionic conditions.
TL;DR: Colonies of microorganisms capable of forming curdlan-type polysaccharide in glucose medium were found to stain blue with Aniline Blue, Brilliant Blue, or Trypan Blue, and red with Congo Red, and this method was also useful for isolation of colonies forming only curdLAN- type poly Saccharide from organisms with the ability to form other water-soluble polySaccharides.
Abstract: Colonies of microorganisms capable of forming curdlan-type polysaccharide in glucose medium were found to stain blue with Aniline Blue, Brilliant Blue, or Trypan Blue, and red with Congo Red. Staining with Aniline Blue was highly specific for colonies forming curdlan-type polysaccharide. With the use of Aniline blue to detect curdlan-type polysaccharide and other β-1, 3-glucans, the distribution of these polysaccharides in microorganisms was investigated. Among 687 strains of bacteria, 5 strains of Bacillus stained with Aniline Blue, in addition to Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes 10C3, some strains derived from it, and some strains of Agrobacterium. Sixteen of 60 strains of yeast also stained with this dye. No positive reaction was detected in 13 strains of fungi tested. This method was also useful for isolation of colonies forming only curdlan-type polysaccharide from organisms with the ability to form other water-soluble polysaccharides.
TL;DR: In this article, the evanescent part of a guided wave was used as the reference wave and/or the illuminating one to reconstruct a wave-guide hologram from a plane reference wave.
TL;DR: By counting the number of polynomials which are affine equivalent to each representative polynomial in the set, this work derives explicit formulas for the enumerators of all weights less than 2.5d of Reed—Muller codes, where d is the minimum weight.
Abstract: Let Pr be the set of all polynomials of degree r in m variables over GF(2). Polynomial ƒ in Pr is said to be affine equivalent to polynomial g in Pr, if ƒ is transformable to g by an invertible affine transformation of the variables. Any polynomial of weight less than 2m−r+1 + 2m−r−1 in Pr is shown to have a simple structure. By using this fact, we find out a set of representative polynomials such that any polynomial of weight less than 2m−r+1 + 2m−r−1 in Pr is affine equivalent to one and only one polynomial of the set. By counting the number of polynomials which are affine equivalent to each representative polynomial in the set, we derive explicit formulas for the enumerators of all weights less than 2.5d of Reed—Muller codes, where d is the minimum weight.
TL;DR: Data seem to indicate that in patients with hyperprolactinemia, tonic secretion of gonadotropin is maintained fairly well, while of the positive feedback effect of Premarin on the release of LH is impaired.
Abstract: Serum gonadotropin levels were determined in 10 patients with the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome before and following acute iv administration of synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) or conjugated estrogens, in order to clarify the hypothalamic derangements in the gonadotropin secretion in patients with hyperprolactinemia. The basal prolactin (PRL) levels were elevated in all the patients, and blunted responses to 500 μg of iv synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injection were found in 9 out of the 10 patients! The basal levels of LH and FSH were subnormal in 2 and 3 patients, respectively, while those in the remaining patients were normal or slightly elevated. Normal or excessive responses of gonadotropins to 100 μg of iv LHRH were observed in most patients, 9 for LH and 10 for FSH out of 10 patients. In 10 normal cyclic women at the midfollicular phase (D7−9) and 10 hypothalamic amenorrhea patients without galactorrhea, LH release was found 48 to 72 h after the iv injection of 20 mg conjugat...
TL;DR: It is reported that post-treatment with caffeine diminishes 4NQO-initiated lung tumorigenesis in mice and reports that ultraviolet-inducible skin cancer in mice is suppressed by the presence of caffeine.
Abstract: THE potent carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)1 mimics ultraviolet effects2,3. Kondo4 proposed an idea to test the mutation theory of cancer by comparison of 4NQO carcino-genesis in mice and 4NQO3 or ultraviolet5 mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. In parallel with 4NQO mutagenesis in E.coli2,3,6, it was concluded that transformation initiated by 4NQO in cultured mouse cells is suppressed by holding in a non-DNA-replicating state7, due to elimination of 4NQO-purine adducts8 from DNA by an error-free excision repair9. There is another type of repair which works after DNA replication and is assumed to be error prone5. Again, in parallel with ultraviolet mutagenesis in E.coli10, Kakunaga7 has found that transformation of mouse cells by 4NQO is reduced greatly by post-treatment with caffeine. Zajdela and Latarjet11 reported that ultraviolet-inducible skin cancer in mice is suppressed by the presence of caffeine. The present paper reports that post-treatment with caffeine diminishes 4NQO-initiated lung tumorigenesis in mice.
TL;DR: In this article, the basic subunits of the 11S globulin molecule were found to be present in equimolar amounts in the SDS gel and the molecular weight consideration, and disulfide bonds appeared to participate in the binding between the acidic and basic subunit in the molar ratio of 1: 1 with the following combi...
Abstract: The acidic and the basic subunits were shown to be present in equimolar amounts in the 11S globulin molecule by the densitometric scanning of the SDS gel and the molecular weight consideration. The four acidic subunits (A1, A2, A3 and A4) were found to be present in the approximate molar ratio of 1:1:2:2. Four basic subunits separated and designated as B1, B2, B3 and B4 based on the relative mobilities in the acidic gel in 7 m urea were found to be present in the approximate molar ratio of 1:1:2:2. The four basic subunits were fractionated in approximately same amounts into three different peaks, peak I (B1 and B2), peak II (B3) and peak III (B4) by CM-Sephadex C–50 column chromatography in the presence of 6 m urea. Three kinds of intermediary subunits of 11S globulin were fractionated with DEAE-Sephadex A–50 in the absence of reducing agents in 6 m urea, and disulfide bonds appeared to participate in the binding between the acidic and the basic subunits in the molar ratio of 1: 1 with the following combi...
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of finding a minimal triangulation of an undirected graph G = (V, E) is considered, and an algorithm for finding an optimal ordering α which produces a minimal set of "fill-in" is presented.
01 Dec 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical behavior of semiconductor electrodes on which a very small amount of metal is electrodeposited have been studied, and the cathodic photocurrent-potential curve for the p-type GaP or Si electrode is shifted to the 0.2-0.3V more positive potential by the deposition of platinum.
Abstract: The electrochemical behaviors of semiconductor electrodes on which a very small amount of metal is electrodeposited have been studied. The cathodic photocurrent-potential curve for the p-type GaP or Si electrode is shifted to the 0.2–0.3V more positive potential by the deposition of platinum. The cathodic current-potential curve for the n-type GaP electrode is also shifted similarly, but the anodic current-potential curves and the flat band potentials for both the p- and n-GaP electrodes are not changed. From these results and those on the effects of other metals (Pd, Ni or Cu), it is concluded that the above-mentioned shifts are due to the catalytic actions of the deposited metals on the hydrogen evolution reaction at the semiconductor electrodes. A tentative model explaining this effect is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Hartree-Fock calculation combined with the coherent potential approximation is shown to give two magnetic states for Mn and Fe atoms in Ni-Mn and Ni-Fe alloys, respectively.
Abstract: The electronic structures of ferromagnetic Ni-Mn and Ni-Fe alloys are investigated theoretically. The Hartree-Fock calculation combined with the coherent potential approximation is shown to give two magnetic states for Mn and Fe atoms in Ni-Mn and Ni-Fe alloys, respectively. By introducing the ternary alloy picture in which Mn(Fe) atoms having antiparallel moments to the bulk magnetization are distinguished from Mn(Fe) atoms having parallel moments for a given Ni-Mn(Ni-Fe) alloy, the possibility of the coexistence of the two magnetic states is shown by an energy consideration. On the basis of the results obtained by this calculation, various magnetic properties are discussed.
TL;DR: The epidemiological survey suggested that serotype c strains were most prevalent in dental plaques of Japanese children and that there might be no relationship between the degree of caries and the causative serotype(s) of S. mutans.
Abstract: An epidemiological investigation was carried out to identify and determine the serotypes of Streptococcus mutans from carious lesions of young Japanese children. For this purpose, a direct fluorescent antibody technique was mainly used. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies were prepared for the five known serotypes of S. mutans. Cross reactions and nonspecific reactions were eliminated by adsorption, counterstaining, or DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Agar-gel immunodiffusion was used to distinguish between serotypes a and d. The epidemiological survey suggested that serotype c strains were most prevalent in dental plaques of Japanese children. The d and e serotypes were rare and serotypes a and b were not detected. It was also noted that more than one serotype of S. mutans could be found in the same locus of a carious lesion and that there might be no relationship between the degree of caries and the causative serotype(s) of S. mutans.