Peking Union Medical College Hospital

About: Peking Union Medical College Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicine & Population. The organization has 15996 authors who have published 16018 publications receiving 226505 citations.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin: a guideline of the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society

Abstract: Background Guideline development should be based on the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, economic evaluation and patients' views and preferences. Therefore, these factors were considered in the development of a new guideline for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin. Objectives To develop an evidence-based guideline for vancomycin TDM and to promote standardized vancomycin TDM in clinical practice in China. Methods We referred to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to rate the quality of evidence and grade the strength of recommendations, according to economic evaluation and patients' views and preferences. We used the GRADE Grid method to formulate the recommendations. Results The guideline presents recommendations about who should receive vancomycin TDM, how to monitor vancomycin efficacy and renal safety, therapeutic trough concentrations, time to start initial vancomycin TDM, loading dose and how to administer and adjust the vancomycin dose. Conclusions We developed an evidence-based guideline for vancomycin TDM, which provides recommendations for clinicians and pharmacists to conduct vancomycin TDM in China.

Comparison of gut microbiota in exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed babies: a study of 91 term infants.

Abstract: To compare gut microbiota of healthy infants that were exclusively breast-fed or formula-fed, we recruited 91 infants, who were assigned into three different groups and fed by breast milk (30 babies), formula A (30 babies) or formula B (31 babies) exclusively for more than 4 months after birth. Faecal bacterial composition was tested. Among different groups, α diversity was lower in breast-fed group than formula-fed groups in 40 days of age, but increased significantly in 6 months of age. The Bifidobacterium represented the most predominant genus and Enterobacteriaceae the second in all groups. In 40 days of age, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were significantly higher, while Streptococcus and Enterococcus were significantly lower in breast-fed group than they were in formula A-fed group. Lachnospiraceae was lower in breast-fed than formula B-fed group. Veillonella and Clostridioides were lower in breast-fed than formula-fed groups. In 3 months of age there were less Lachnospiraceae and Clostridioides in breast-fed group than formula-fed groups. There were also significant differences of microbiota between formula A-fed and formula B-fed groups. Those differences may have impacts on their long-term health.

Prediction of massive blood loss in scoliosis surgery from preoperative variables.

Abstract: Study design A retrospective cohort study. Objective To identify predictors of massive blood loss after scoliosis surgery. Summary of background data Scoliosis surgery may be associated with considerable blood loss. Many blood conservation techniques have been used to reduce the allogeneic transfusion. An ability to identify patients with high risk of massive blood loss preoperatively may be helpful for appropriate use of these techniques. Methods Data of patients undergoing scoliosis surgery between June 1, 2011, and October 31, 2011, were collected. Preoperative information and total blood loss, which was calculated as the sum of intraoperative and postoperative estimated blood loss, were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups, retrospectively: group A (n = 95) with the total blood loss more than 30% of estimated blood volume and group B (n = 64) with the total blood loss of 30% of estimated blood volume or less. Preoperative data were compared between the groups. Significant variables were selected for a forward stepwise binary logistic regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors of massive blood loss. Results More than half of the patients (59.7%) undergoing scoliosis surgery had massive blood loss. Patients in group A were shorter (P = 0.01) and had larger preoperative Cobb angle (P Conclusion Risk of massive blood loss (total blood loss > 30% of estimated blood volume) in patients with scoliosis could increase, if they (1) had preoperative Cobb angle larger than 50o or (2) planned to undergo osteotomy or fusion of more than 6 levels.

The national program for deceased organ donation in China.

Abstract: China has developed a new national program for deceased-organ donation to address the need for organ transplantation in the country. The program adheres to the World Health Organization (WHO) guiding principles, is compliant with the Declaration of Istanbul, and respects the cultural and social values of the Chinese people. The experience of pilot trials conducted between 2010 and 2012 was evaluated to generate a comprehensive design of a national program of organ donation and transplantation for implementation throughout China. The legal framework for this program was established from a series of legislative steps since 2007. Accountable national committees have been established to oversee activities of organ donation and transplantation across the nation. The Ministry of Health (MOH) has accredited 164 organ transplant hospitals in China, each of which has an organ procurement organization (OPO) to conduct organ donation and organ recovery. National protocols for deceased-organ donation in China include category I (organ donation after brain death), category II (organ donation after circulatory death), and category III (organ donation after brain death followed by circulatory death). The China Organ Transplant Response System (COTRS) has been developed to allocate organs equitably and transparently. Scientific registries have been established to evaluate the performance of transplant centers and OPOs. China is in the process of implementing a new national program for deceased-organ donation. The program includes a unique approach of organ donation, China category III, which will be promulgated throughout China and is intended to gain widespread acceptance of Chinese society.

MicroRNAs regulate vascular smooth muscle cell functions in atherosclerosis (Review)

Abstract: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in all stages of the progression of human atherosclerosis (AS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are non‑coding, small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‑transcriptional level through translational repression or messenger RNA (mRNA) decay. Recently, a variety of functions of VSMCs that are involved in AS, including differentiation, migration, proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and apoptosis, have been found to be regulated by miRNAs. This review provides an overview of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the functions of VSMCs, as well as their targets and potential implications in AS. The data presented herein suggest that the specific modulation of miRNAs may present an attractive approach for the diagnosis and treatment of AS.