Peking Union Medical College Hospital

About: Peking Union Medical College Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicine & Population. The organization has 15996 authors who have published 16018 publications receiving 226505 citations.

A Study of Basic Needs and Psychological Wellbeing of Medical Workers in the Fever Clinic of a Tertiary General Hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Abstract: a Department of Psychological Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; b Department of Emergency Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; c Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Received: February 26, 2020 Accepted after revision: March 23, 2020 Published online: March 30, 2020

Molecular evidence for spread of two major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones with a unique geographic distribution in Chinese hospitals.

Abstract: Methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious problem worldwide. To investigate the molecular epidemiology of MRSA isolates in China, a total of 702 MRSA isolates collected from 18 teaching hospitals in 14 cities between 2005 and 2006 were characterized by antibiogram analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and spa typing; and 102 isolates were selected for multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Overall, SCCmec type III was the most popular type and was found in 541 isolates (77.1%), followed by SCCmec type II (109/702; 15.5%). Twenty-four PFGE types were obtained among 395 isolates collected in 2005, and 18 spa types were obtained among 702 isolates. spa type t030, which corresponded to PFEG types A to E, constituted 52.0% (365/702) of all isolates, and isolates of this type were present in all 14 cities; spa type t037, which corresponded to PFGE types F and G, accounted for 25.5% (179/702) of all isolates, and isolates of this type were identified in 12 cities. The two spa genotypes belonged to sequence type 239 (ST239) and carried SCCmec type III. spa type t002, which included isolates of PFGE types L to T, made up 16.0% (112/702) of the isolates that belonged to ST5 and SCCmec type II, and isolates of this type were distributed in 12 cities. The distribution of spa types varied among the regions. spa type t002 was the most common in Dalian (53.4%) and Shenyang (44.4%); spa type t037 was predominant in Shanghai (74.8%), whereas spa type t030 was the most common in the other cities. Two isolates from Guangzhou that harbored SCCmec type IVa with ST59 and ST88 were identified as community-associated MRSA. The prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene was 2.3%. The data documented two major epidemic MRSA clones, ST239-MRSA-SCCmec type III and ST5-MRSA-SCCmec type II, with unique geographic distributions across China.

PET image denoising using unsupervised deep learning

Abstract: Image quality of positron emission tomography (PET) is limited by various physical degradation factors. Our study aims to perform PET image denoising by utilizing prior information from the same patient. The proposed method is based on unsupervised deep learning, where no training pairs are needed. In this method, the prior high-quality image from the patient was employed as the network input and the noisy PET image itself was treated as the training label. Constrained by the network structure and the prior image input, the network was trained to learn the intrinsic structure information from the noisy image and output a restored PET image. To validate the performance of the proposed method, a computer simulation study based on the BrainWeb phantom was first performed. A 68Ga-PRGD2 PET/CT dataset containing 10 patients and a 18F-FDG PET/MR dataset containing 30 patients were later on used for clinical data evaluation. The Gaussian, non-local mean (NLM) using CT/MR image as priors, BM4D, and Deep Decoder methods were included as reference methods. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvements were used to rank different methods based on Wilcoxon signed-rank test. For the simulation study, contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) vs. standard deviation (STD) curves showed that the proposed method achieved the best performance regarding the bias-variance tradeoff. For the clinical PET/CT dataset, the proposed method achieved the highest CNR improvement ratio (53.35% ± 21.78%), compared with the Gaussian (12.64% ± 6.15%, P = 0.002), NLM guided by CT (24.35% ± 16.30%, P = 0.002), BM4D (38.31% ± 20.26%, P = 0.002), and Deep Decoder (41.67% ± 22.28%, P = 0.002) methods. For the clinical PET/MR dataset, the CNR improvement ratio of the proposed method achieved 46.80% ± 25.23%, higher than the Gaussian (18.16% ± 10.02%, P < 0.0001), NLM guided by MR (25.36% ± 19.48%, P < 0.0001), BM4D (37.02% ± 21.38%, P < 0.0001), and Deep Decoder (30.03% ± 20.64%, P < 0.0001) methods. Restored images for all the datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively smooth out the noise while recovering image details. The proposed unsupervised deep learning framework provides excellent image restoration effects, outperforming the Gaussian, NLM methods, BM4D, and Deep Decoder methods.

Consensus guidelines on the optimal management in interventional EUS procedures: results from the Asian EUS group RAND/UCLA expert panel

Abstract: Objectives Interventional endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) procedures are gaining popularity and the most commonly performed procedures include EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst, EUS-guided biliary drainage, EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage and EUS-guided celiac plexus ablation. The aim of this paper is to formulate a set of practice guidelines addressing various aspects of the above procedures. Methods Formulation of the guidelines was based on the best scientific evidence available. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology (RAM) was used. Panellists recruited comprised experts in surgery, interventional EUS, interventional radiology and oncology from 11 countries. Between June 2014 and October 2016, the panellists met in meetings to discuss and vote on the clinical scenarios for each of the interventional EUS procedures in question. Results A total of 15 statements on EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst, 15 statements on EUS-guided biliary drainage, 12 statements on EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage and 14 statements on EUS-guided celiac plexus ablation were formulated. The statements addressed the indications for the procedures, technical aspects, pre- and post-procedural management, management of complications, and competency and training in the procedures. All statements except one were found to be appropriate. Randomised studies to address clinical questions in a number of aspects of the procedures are urgently required. Conclusions The current guidelines on interventional EUS procedures are the first published by an endoscopic society. These guidelines provide an in-depth review of the current evidence and standardise the management of the procedures.

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract: Systemic autoimmune diseases are a broad range of related diseases characterized by dysregulation of immune system which give rise to activation of immune cells to attack autoantigens and resulted in inappropriate inflammation and multitissue damages. They are a fascinating but poorly understood group of diseases, ranging from the commonly seen rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to the relatively rare systemic sclerosis [1]. The mechanism of pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases is still not very clear. It is now considered that genetic factors, infection, endocrine, and environmental exposure are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases [2–4]. There is no treatment strategy to cure this kind of disease at present which gives rise to the needs of long-term lasting treatment, making systemic autoimmune diseases be a mounting public health concern for the foreseeable future. Vital organs such as lung and kidney involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases are common and always presented in a progressive pattern with limited treatment strategy, making them be one of the most common causes of death in patients [5]. Based on this background, we assembled this special issue for a better understanding of systemic autoimmune diseases, on aspects of mechanisms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, including papers ranging from the basic researches to clinical researches and reviews about systemic autoimmune diseases. Studies on the basic research of systemic autoimmune disease in this issue provided us new insights into the mechanism of the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disease. The role of HMGB1 in the T-cell DNA demethylation was discussed in the paper of Y. Li et al. SNPs with strong RA association signal in the British were analyzed in Han Chinese by H. Li et al., and the methylation status of miR-124a loci in synovial tissues of RA patients was analyzed by Q. Zhou et al. indicating the epigenetic factor in the pathogenesis of RA. Expression of microRNA-155 was studied by L. Long et al. in RA patients. IL-33 status was tested in RA patients by S. Tang et al. D. Lorton et al. and Y. Du et al. indicated the possible role of beta2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR) and p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22(Perp) in the pathogenesis of RA, respectively. It has long been demonstrated that γδ T cells play important roles in the development of autoimmune diseases; the precise role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of SLE was studied by Z. Lu et al. Z. Gu et al. discussed the role of p53/p21 pathway in the pathogenesis of SLE. X. Gan et al. demonstrated the role of GITR and GITRL in the primary Sjogren's syndrome. The expression of IL-6 and its clinical significance in patients with dermatomyositis was discussed by M. Yang et al. L. Estrada-Capetillo et al. found that DCs from patients with rheumatic inflammatory disease show an aberrant function that may have an important role in the pathogenesis. S. Stratakis et al. studied the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect of rapamycin in passive and active Heymann nephritis (HN). Clinical researches and studies included in this issue provided us several useful clinical clues in the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of some of systemic autoimmune diseases. L. Hongyan et al. studied the clinical and pathologic features in lupus nephritis with mainly IgA deposits and made a literature review about this topic. Risk factors for interstitial lung disease in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy were analyzed by X. Cen et al. J. Chen et al. defined high resolution chest CT (HRCT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities capable of identifying asymptomatic, preclinical RA-ILD. L. Pan et al. made a retrospective study to compare the characteristics of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases, undifferentiated connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Relationship between Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and its associated risk factors in Chinese patients with RA was analyzed by P. Li et al. P. Žigon et al. studied the diagnostic value of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies in systemic autoimmune disease. The correlations of disease activity, socioeconomic status, quality of life, and depression/anxiety in Chinese SLE patients were studied by B. Shen et al. J. Li et al. made a systematic review on efficacy and safety of Iguratimod for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Review papers also cover many aspects about systemic autoimmune disease. Advances in the knowledge of costimulatory pathways and their role in SLE were discussed by N. Y. Kow and A. Mak H. Draborg et al. summed up existing data about the relationship between epstein-barr virus and autoimmune disease. T. Marchetti et al. discussed obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome from pathogenesis to the clinical and therapeutic implications. Y. f. Huang et al. summarized the immune factors involved in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. The role of IL-33 in rheumatic diseases was reviewed by L. Duan et al. T. Ito made a review on advances in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hair loss disease alopecia areata. A. W. J. M. Glaudemans reviewed the use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The role of FcγR-mediated trogocytosis in the physiological immune system was discussed by S. Masuda et al. This special issue covers many important aspects in the systemic autoimmune diseases ranging from novel insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and the use of newly developed diagnostic strategy in the early diagnosis of autoimmune disease to the treatment of these kinds of diseases, which will surely provide us a better understanding about systemic autoimmune disease. Guixiu Shi Jianying Zhang Zhixin (Jason) Zhang Xuan Zhang