Showing papers by "Queen's University published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the Savage's sure-thing principle is not applicable to alternatives f and g that involve sequential operations, and that this can be seen as a paradox.
Abstract: This paradox is the possibility of P(A|B)
526 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the temperature and frequency dependence of conductivity, dielectric properties, infrared absorption, and electron-paramagnetic-resonance data are presented for semiconducting phosphate glasses based on oxides of Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, and W. The results suggest that the theory of small polaron hopping in the adiabatic approximation may be most appropriate for phosphate glasses.
Abstract: The temperature and frequency dependence of conductivity, dielectric properties, infrared absorption, and electron-paramagnetic-resonance data are presented for semiconducting phosphate glasses based on oxides of Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, and W. The vanadate system is examined in a range of compositions, most of the others in the composition 50 mol% oxide. A polaronic model is shown to be generally applicable, and the variation of activation energy for conduction with type of glass and transition-metal-ion (TMI) spacing is found to dominate the magnitude of the conductivity. In particular, a strong preexponential factor containing a term of the form ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\alpha}a}$ arising from electron tunneling is not observed. The results suggest that the theory of small polaron hopping in the adiabatic approximation may be most appropriate for phosphate glasses. Measurements of the static dielectric constant show no effects of disorder at high temperatures. Characteristic differences are noted between the infrared spectra of glasses such as V, Mo, W, and Ti and Ni, Co, Cu, and Mn, respectively, which are attributed to different structures within the glass matrix. These differences are suggested to lead to larger phonon dispersion in the latter glasses. It is found that the dependence of the properties of vanadate glasses upon composition can be described only if effects of polaron interactions are considered leading to a hopping probability of the form $c{(1\ensuremath{-}c)}^{n+1}$, where $c$ is the proportion of TMIs in a reduced state and $n$ is the number of sites surrounding the polaron at which strong interactions occur. Reasonable agreement with experiment is obtained on this basis for the change in electrical properties with the value of $c$.
512 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the π-C6H6RuX2PR3 (X = Cl, Br, I, SCN) has been characterized, and the ε-C 6H6RX2RX 2PR3 has been obtained.
Abstract: The complexes [π-C6H6RuX2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I, SCN) have been prepared and characterized. They react with phosphorus donors to give the monomeric π-C6H6RuX2PR3, and with cyanide and hydride ions to gi...
360 citations
342 citations
TL;DR: Changes in sex hormone levels exerted a marked influence on immune responsiveness and stem cell differentiation, by increasing numbers of functioning cells, by promoting cellular differentiation, as well as by promotes cellular function via hormonal effects.
Abstract: The primary and secondary immune responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens were evaluated in normal male and female mice and in castrated male mice. Both IgM antibody production in the primary response and IgG antibody production in the secondary response were enhanced in females vs. males of equivalent age. Castration of the male converted this animal to a female in terms of responsiveness to the thymus-dependent group of antigens, while inducing equivalent or even greater enhanced responsiveness over the female to the thymus-independent antigen, polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Further characteristics of the changes in lymphoid organs were determined in the castrated animal vs. normal males and females. It was shown that the spleen and thymus became markedly hyperplastic, the organ weights exceeding the female, which in turn were greater than in the male. The enhanced weight of the thymus was shown to be due to increased numbers of cortisone-sensitive cells, the absolute number of cortisone-resistant cells remaining equivalent to normal males and females. Thus, the increased thymic weight of the female also resided in the cortisone-sensitive population. Peripheral lymphocyte counts in castrated animals exceeded both normal males and females. Further experiments in gonadectomized males provided evidence that increased thymic cell activity per se played a role in enhanced response to thymus-dependent antigens, but that a thymic-derived hormone mediated the enhanced effect to the thymus-independent antigen in the castrated animal. The capacity for loss of androgenic hormone-producing tissue to generate enhanced differentiation of stem cells was denoted by experiments in which numbers of spleen colonies and uptake of 59Fe, employed as an index of hematopoiesis 1 wk after reconstitution of lethally irradiated castrated and normal recipients, were enhanced in gonadectomized male animals. Thus, in summary, changes in sex hormone levels exerted a marked influence on immune responsiveness and stem cell differentiation, by increasing numbers of functioning cells, by promoting cellular differentiation, as well as by promoting cellular function via hormonal effects.
309 citations
TL;DR: When pea embryos are placed in water solutes leak from them at a ruto which declines rapidly at first and then more slowly as discussed by the authors, and the greater the initial imbibition the slower the subsequent leakage.
Abstract: When pea embryos are placed in water solutes leak from them at a ruto which declines rapidly at first and then more slowly. Embryos can be dried down over calcium chloride and will then leak as before when returned to water. Similar results were obtained with Ricinus seeds after removal of the testa. Pea embryos that have first been allowed to imbibe some water through a small part of their surface (by placing them on damp filter-paper) leak relatively slowly when subsequently immersed in water; the greater the initial imbibition the slower tho subsequent leakage. Likewise, embryos taken from peas that were harvested when succulent and tender show only show Ieakage. It is proposed that as seeds dry out in the course of dovelopment cell membranes lose their integrity. . Whon such dry seeds are allowed to imbibe water there is a short. period, Before membrane integrit.y is re-established, during which solutes can leak out of the cells.
224 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that women are most often seen as decorative (sex objects) or useful (housewives and mothers), but hardly ever as professionals or working wives, despite the continued activism of the women's liberation movement.
Abstract: That women are still stereotyped despite the continuing activism of the women's liberation movement is clearly demonstrated in the following study of a sample of early 1971 network TV ads. Focusing on the advertising viewed in millions of homes during prime‐time, the authors conclude that women are most often seen as decorative (sex objects) or useful (housewives and mothers), but hardly ever as professionals or working wives. Dr. Dominick is an assistant professor in the Department of Communication Arts and Sciences of Queens University while Miss Rauch is a recent graduate of that department.
219 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the positron trapping of positrons at vacancy sites in some metals provides a new and sensitive method for the equilibrium determination of vacancy-formation energies, and data are presented for Al, Cd, In, Pb, and Zn and fitted to a model allowing presentation in the form of Arrhenius plots.
Abstract: The trapping of positrons at vacancy sites in some metals provides a new and sensitive method for the equilibrium determination of vacancy-formation energies. Data are presented for Al, Cd, In, Pb, and Zn and fitted to a model allowing presentation in the form of Arrhenius plots. The vacancy concentration is not determined because it appears as a product with the positron trapping rate.
155 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an equivalent stratum model is used to provide an explanation for the power spectrum characteristics of potential fields, and a matched filter is proposed whereby the effects due to the two components in the potential field can be separated.
Abstract: An equivalent stratum model is used to provide an explanation for the power spectrum characteristics of potential fields. The power spectrum of observed magnetic fields is found to consist of effects due to sources which can be represented by apparent monopoles and dipoles. Similarly, the power spectrum of observed gravity fields is found to consist of two groups of effects. A matched filter is proposed whereby the effects due to the two components in the potential field can be separated. As a consequence of the established theoretical expressions a scheme is suggested whereby the aliasing power of sampled data can be estimated. Also, the concepts of downward continuation, reduction to the pole, and reduction to pseudo‐gravity of magnetic fields are re‐examined in light of the theoretical expressions due to the equivalent stratum model.
152 citations
TL;DR: The problem of choosing from among possible random losses or payoffs has been studied in this paper, as in choosing from possible statistical decision procedures or from possible wagers, and the difficulties of choosing among possible losses or wagers have been discussed.
Abstract: The probability P(X>Y) can be arbitrarily close to 1 even though the random variable X is stochastically smaller than Yi the probabilities P(X
122 citations
TL;DR: The findings of high anxiety and obsessionality in the physically ill patients are attributed in part to a selection factor and inpart to the effect of the presence of chronic pain.
TL;DR: Mice thymectomized as adults and injected with polyvinylpyrrolidone, a thymus‐independent antigen, demonstrated significantly enhanced antibody responses when immunized as early as three weeks after thymectomy, suggesting the effect may be caused by the removal of a short‐lived subpopulation of “inhibitory” thymUS‐derived cells.
Abstract: Mice thymectomized as adults and injected with polyvinylpyrrolidone, a thymus-independent antigen, demonstrated significantly enhanced antibody responses compared to sham-thymectomized controls when immunized as early as three weeks after thymectomy. Increasing the interval between thymectomy and immunization, even up to seven months, did not significantly increase the extent of this enhancement, suggesting the effect may be caused by the removal of a short-lived subpopulation of “inhibitory” thymus-derived cells.
Mice immunized to sheep, rat or goose erythrocytes (GRBC) four months after adult thymectomy showed significantly suppressed hemagglutinin responses only to GRBC, indicating that suppressive effects relatively early after adult thymectomy can be attained provided a marked thymus-dependent antigen such as GRBC is used as test antigen.
TL;DR: In this article, the heat transfer properties of a vertical array of heated cylinders are obtained in steady state natural convection, showing that the surface temperature increases with elevation in the array for closely spaced arrays, but decreases with elevation when the spacing is sufficiently large.
TL;DR: In this paper, the 31P NMR spectra of a series of tertiary phosphine complexes of the π-benzeneruthenium system were described, including compounds (π-C6H6)Ru(R)Cl(PPh3) (RCH3, C6H5), (π -C 6H6),RuCl(π-c3H5) and [(π-R)Ru[C5H5]Cl)]Cl are described.
TL;DR: The actions of iontophoretically applied dopamine on neuronal discharge frequency of cells in the putamen were antagonized by chlorpromazine, suggesting this blockade may represent a fundamental mechanism of drug-induced Parkinsonism as well as explaining the specific antagonism of amphetamine stereotype behaviour by neuroleptics.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on world efficiency in production, that is, in maximizing potential world welfare, rather than the individual country trying to maximize its own welfare, and the present paper is more in the tradition of the Mundell analysis in that we are more concerned with world efficiency.
Abstract: The well-known factor price equalization theorem is often invoked to provide trade theorists with justification for the conventional assumption of complete international immobility of factors of production. If conditions of the theorem are satisfied, and free trade does in fact give rise to the equalization of factor returns, then it is inconsequential in which country production takes place. Mundell's original analysis then brings us full circle to the "commodity price equalization theorem". If the conditions of the factor price equalization theorem are met, but a tariff on trade is imposed, then factor mobility can replace trade in establishing productive efficiency. Recent work by Jones and Kemp have analysed further the implications of introducing factor mobility and in particular capital mobility into the analysis of international trade. However, these have concentrated on generating optimum tariff and tax( on capital services) formulae for the individual country trying to maximize its own welfare. The present paper is more in the tradition of the Mundell analysis in that we are more concerned with world efficiency in production--that is, in maximizing potential world welfare. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
TL;DR: A giant radio outburst was observed from the X-ray source Cygnus X-3 on September 2, 1972, and the evidence suggests a model of synchrotron radiation from an expanding cloud of relativistic particles as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A giant radio outburst was observed from the X-ray source Cygnus X-3 on September 2, 1972. Flux density measurements were obtained at 10,522, 6,630 and 3,240 MHz as well as linear polarization measurements at 10,522 MHz. The evidence suggests a model of synchrotron radiation from an expanding cloud of relativistic particles. A computed upper limit for the source distance of ≤400 kpc implies that the source of the radio emission is galactic.
TL;DR: The subroutine CPOLY is a Fortran program to find all the zeros of a complex polynomial by the three-stage complex algorithm described in Jenkins and Traub [4].
Abstract: The subroutine CPOLY is a Fortran program to find all the zeros of a complex polynomial by the three-stage complex algorithm described in Jenkins and Traub [4]. (An algorithm for real polynomials is given in [5].) The algorithm is similar in spirit to the two-stage algorithms studied by Traub [1, 2]. The program finds the zeros one at a time in roughly increasing order of modulus and deflates the polynomial to one of lower degree. The program is extremely fast and the timing is quite insensitive to the distribution of zeros. Extensive testing of an Algol version of the program, reported in Jenkins [3], has shown the program to be very reliable.
TL;DR: Delta-aminolevulinic (ALA) synthetase is induced by porphyrin-inducing compounds and the induction is prevented by protohemin, which appears to exhibit some form of post-transcriptional inhibition in eukaryotic cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theory of electron charge transfer and electrochemical effects in alloys of simple metals, based on the Hohenberg-Kohn density variational principle for an inhomogeneous electron gas.
Abstract: We present a theory of electron charge transfer and electrochemical effects in alloys of simple metals, based on the Hohenberg—Kohn density variational principle for an inhomogeneous electron gas. This approach has the advantage that we may imagine constructing a heterovalent alloy dlrectly from the electrically neutral Wigner—Seitz cells of the parent metals, Instead of using a uniform electron gas as a starting approximation. The energy functional derivative which occurs in the Hohenberg—Kohn theory may be interpreted as a local Fermi level or chemical potential which governs the transfer of charge between different alloy atomic cells. Calculations show an approximate correlation between the Fermi level in an atomic cell and the Pauling electronegativity of that particular atom. We show that the energy released by charge transfer is proportional to the square of the Fermi level or electro-negativity difference between different cells, in agreement with the commonly accepted expression due to Pa...
29 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of a wide range of oscillatory flows were examined on polystyrene (specific gravity 1.05, diameter 1.54 mms), bakelite (specific density 1.60, diameter 0.52 mms) and sand (specific intensity 2.68, diameter 2.36 mms).
Abstract: Experiments to determine the length, height and steepness of bed forms generated by wave action have been conducted in a laboratory wave flume and an oscillating water tunnel. The effects of a wide range of oscillatory flows were examined on polystyrene (specific gravity 1.05, diameter 1.54 mms), bakelite (specific gravity 1.60, diameter 0.52 mms), bakelite (specific gravity 1.51, diameter 0.67 mms) and sand (specific gravity 2.68, diameter 0.36 mms). From the results of the experiments design curves were plotted which make it possible to predict the length and height of bed form that will develop on any specified sediment bed for given conditions of fluid oscillation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured en-echelon veins cutting small chevron folds in Carboniferous greywackes, near Hartland in Devon, and found that they may be initiated between 10° and 46° to the shear zone in which they occur.
Abstract: Measurements of en-echelon veins cutting small chevron folds in Carboniferous greywackes, near Hartland in Devon, allow the following new conclusions about naturally occurring second-order fractures to be stated. 1. Veins may be initiated between 10° and 46° to the shear zone in which they occur. Previous studies of en-echelon fractures have generally classified them as either tension gashes formed at 45° to an array, or Riedel shears at 15° to an array. 2. Veins at about 20° to 40° to an array probably occupy surfaces which are transitional between shear and extension fractures. 3. Proof of a component of shear, in addition to dilation, on many of the veins at less than 40° to an array is provided by crystal fibres at acute angles to vein margins, and third-order en-echelon veins in arrays which are parallel to and part of a set of second-order veins.
TL;DR: In this culture system unfractionated marrow cells seldom formed colonies, but colonies grew from the low-density fractions, suggesting that an inhibitor had been removed by cell fractionation, and suggests an approach to the investigation of granulopoiesis in disease.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dielectric behavior over these ranges is described by a Debye type relaxation process with distribution of relaxation times, which leads to an a.c. conductivity at these frequencies almost linearly proportional to frequency and independent of temperature.
Abstract: The dielectric constant and conductivity of 80% V 2 O 5 : 20% P 2 O 5 glass has been measured in the frequency range 10 2 to 10 9 Hz and in the temperature range 80 to 350°K. It is shown that the dielectric behaviour over these ranges is described by a Debye type relaxation process with distribution of relaxation times. A method is proposed to determine the width of distribution from the data at fixed frequencies and different temperatures. The width of distribution increases at frequencies ω > 10/ τ , which leads to an a.c. conductivity at these frequencies almost linearly proportional to frequency and independent of temperature. The estimated value of the static dielectric constant of about 30 was found to decrease with temperature while the infinite frequency dielectric constant of 10 was independent of temperature. The carrier concentration calculated from the dielectric relaxation time and the d.c. conductivity through a thermal diffusion model shows reasonable agreement with direct measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance.
TL;DR: Fetal asphyxia with moderate or severe metabolic acidosis in the intrauterine growth-retarded infant occurred more frequently in the primiparous obstetric patient with a premature delivery complicated by severe toxemia.
TL;DR: In this article, a flexurally supported shear plate was used to measure shear stress on both smooth and sand roughened beds in an oscillating water tunnel using first order wave theory, and the experimental data indicated that theory results in an overestimate of the shear force by 20-50%.
TL;DR: Heterogeneity of asthmatics in terms of specific allergic reactivity is known and evidence that this is also true for psychological factors is mounting, and there is an almost inverse relationship between the degree of psychopathology and defined allergy in astHmatics.
TL;DR: The construction of a lightweight quadrifillar needle electrode offering four monopolar and six bipolar microelectrode combinations is described that can record distinct individual motor unit action potentials during strong muscle contractions and minimizes the subject's discomfort.
Abstract: The construction of a lightweight quadrifillar needle electrode offering four monopolar and six bipolar microelectrode combinations is described. The electrode has three useful features: 1) it can record distinct individual motor unit action potentials during strong muscle contractions, 2) the frequency response curve of the electrode can be altered to a simple functional relationship within the frequency range of myoelectric signals, and 3) the electrode minimizes the subject's discomfort.
TL;DR: Comparison with other enzymes led to the conclusion that glycerol dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscle has its own identity and that this enzyme should be classified as “glycerol:NADP + oxidoreductase ( d -glyceraldehyde forming)”.
TL;DR: The results support the proposal that the increase in peroxidase activity after oestrogen treatment might be part of an adaptive response of the uterus permitting it to bind and inactivate oestrogens and thus limit the duration of their effect upon this target tissue.
Abstract: 1. An enzyme that catalyses the metabolism and binding of [4-14C]oestradiol to protein and to other high-molecular-weight substances in the presence of H2O2 was shown to be absent from the uteri of immature rats and to be induced by physiological doses of oestrogen or pregnant-mare-serum gonadotrophin. 2. The pH optimum, stability to heat and other characteristics of the uterine enzyme system as well as its subcellular distribution were determined. 3. The increase in the ability of uterine preparations to convert [4-14C]oestradiol into water-soluble products as a result of oestrogen treatment was accompanied by an increase in peroxidase and NADH oxidase activities and was inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. 4. The results support the proposal that the increase in peroxidase activity after oestrogen treatment might be part of an adaptive response of the uterus permitting it to bind and inactivate oestrogens and thus limit the duration of their effect upon this target tissue.