Showing papers by "Russian Academy of Sciences published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that despite the van der Waals' forces being capable of increasing the elastic contact area between the ball and the plane, the force that is required to overcome the molecular forces arising when the contact is broken does not increase thereby.
3,951 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new method for simultaneous determination of kinetic coefficients and of supersaturations has been developed, which can be used to measure the coefficients of some materials as well as the temperature dependence of the coefficient for silicon and the activation energy of the process.
1,019 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the physics of two-photon particle production and its applications is presented, where the authors discuss what information on the γγ → h transition can be extracted from the related experiments and how it can be done.
896 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the general dynamical system with constraints is quantized, and the S-matrix is constructed in the most general class of gauges including relativistic ones, and a new type of additional diagrams arises securing unitarity of the theory: the fourfermion interaction of ghost fields.
846 citations
TL;DR: A simple procedure for preparing a stable stock reagent an working reagents for the detection and determination of phospholipids is proposed, and a simple, rapid and accurate thin-layer chromatographic technique is suggested.
568 citations
01 Jan 1975
554 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that absorption of residues of asparagine, glutamine, aspartic and glutamic acids, arginine, and tyrosine must be taken into account in quantitative studies of the infrared spectra of polypeptide and protein solutions in heavy water.
Abstract: The values of maximum frequencies, intensities, and other spectral parameters of the main absorption bands of amino acid residue side-chain groups have been obtained in the 1500–1800-cm−1 region for solutions in heavy water at pD 1–12. It is shown that absorption of residues of asparagine, glutamine, aspartic and glutamic acids, arginine, and tyrosine must be taken into account in quantitative studies of the infrared spectra of polypeptide and protein solutions in heavy water. Examples of separating out the amide I band for ribonuclease A in heavy water are given.
453 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the density of every infinite semitrajectory in configuration space is proved for a billiard trajectory in a polygon Q⊂R2 having all angles commensurate with π.
Abstract: Consider a billiard in a polygon Q⊂R2 having all angles commensurate with π. For the majority of initial directions, density of every infinite semitrajectory in configuration space is proved. Also proved is the typicality of polygons for which some billiard trajectory is dense in phase space.
300 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the neutrino flux and spectra of galactic and extragalactic neutrinos at energy 1011-1019 eV were calculated taking into account the spectral index distribution.
Abstract: The fluxes and spectra of galactic and extragalactic neutrinos at energy 1011–1019 eV are calculated In particular, the neutrino flux from the normal galaxies is calculated taking into account the spectral index distribution The only assumption that seriously affects the calculated neutrino flux atE
v
≳1017 eV is the power-like generation spectrum of protons in the entire considered energy region The normal galaxies with the accepted parameters generate the metagalactic equivalent electron component (electrons+their radiation) with energy densityω
e≈85×10−7 eV cm−3, while the density of the observed diffuse X-ray radiation alone is 100 times higher This requires the existence of other neutrino sources and we found the minimized neutrino flux under two limitations: (1) the power-law generation spectrum of protons and (2) production of the observed energy density of the diffuse X-an γ-radiation These requirements are met in the evolutionary model of origin of the metagalactic cosmic rays with modern energy densityω
M8≈36×10−7 eV cm−3 The possibility of experiments with cosmic neutrinos of energyE
v
≳3×1017 eV is discussed The upper bound on neutrino-nucleon cross-section σ<22×10−29 cm2 is obtained in evolutionary model from the observed zenith angular distribution of extensive air showers In Appendix 2 the diffuse X-and γ-ray flux arising together with neutrino flux is calculated It agrees with observed flux in the entire energy range from 1 keV up to 100 MeV
235 citations
01 May 1975
TL;DR: The results obtained in recent years on laser irradiance propagation in random weakly inhomogeneous media with large scale index of refraction fluctuations are reviewed in this article, where the effects of multiple scattering are greatly pronounced.
Abstract: The results obtained in recent years on laser irradiance propagation in random weakly inhomogeneous media with large scale index of refraction fluctuations are reviewed. Of particular concern are the problems of the cozrelation theory of fluctuations of irradiance propagating over large distances, where the effects of multiple scattering are greatly pronounced. Much attention is paid to the results on laser beams spread and phase fluctuations. Consideration is given to problem of the study of spatial spikes of irradiance that had passed through a turbulent media; which is comparatively new but important for practical applications. Systematic comparison of the theory with experiment is given where appropriate. The methods of analyses reviewed in this paper are applicable to a class of stochastic and dynamic partial differential equations and thus may be of interest in other areas of engineering reseach.
231 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the design of a scanning microcalorimeter for thermal studies of heated liquid samples is considered, and a fixed calorimetric block allows a great increase in sensitivity and stability.
TL;DR: Rhythmical scratching movements of the hindlimb were evoked in decerebrate and decapitate cats by stimulation of C1-C2 segments of the spinal cord by 'fictive' scratching, which could be easily elicited provided that the limb was put in a position similar to that of normal scratching.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of work carried out at the Branch of the Institute of Chemical Physics, U.S. Academy of Sciences, since 1967 on studying the combustion processes caused by the interaction of chemical elements in the condensed phase and leading to the formation of refractory compounds are described.
Abstract: A short information is given on the results of work carried out at the Branch of the Institute of Chemical Physics, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, since 1967 on studying the combustion processes caused by the interaction of chemical elements in the condensed phase and leading to the formation of refractory compounds. New phenomena and processes are described which are revealed when investigating the combustion of the systems of this class, viz solid-phase combustion.fast combustion in the condensed phase, filtering combustion, combustion in liquid nitrogen, spinning combustion, self-oscillating combustion and repeated combustion. A new direction in employment of combustion processes is discussed, viz. a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of refractory nitrides, carbides, borides, silicides and other compounds.
TL;DR: In this article, weak neutral and charged currents may lead to observable effects in molecular spectra, and a possible connection between weak interactions and biological isomerism was made, which was later confirmed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of zero total charge (pztc) of the first and second kind is discussed and the conditional nature of the notions pzfc and the charge of the double layer in the presence of strong chemisorption of ions is demonstrated and the difference between the formal and true coefficients of charge transfer is emphasized.
TL;DR: The most favourable structures corresponding to the greatest number of dehydrated bulky hydrophobic groups and to all the strongly hydrophilic groups exposed to water are selected at every stage of the given pathway and the others are neglected.
TL;DR: In this article, an anomalous asymmetric interaction of the closely spaced spectral modes of a semiconductor laser was found experimentally in laser with selective external cavities, where the stimulated scattering of the laser radiation by dynamic inhomogeneities of the electron density was considered to be responsible for the anomalous mode interaction.
Abstract: Anomalous asymmetric interaction of the closely spaced spectral modes of a semiconductor laser is found experimentally in lasers with selective external cavities. The stimulated scattering of the laser radiation by dynamic inhomogeneities of the electron density is considered to be responsible for the anomalous mode interaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-phenomenological theory of charge transfer at solid-electrolyte solution interface was proposed, and the transition probability of transition between potential energy surfaces was investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and satisfactorily accurate solution of the exponential integral in the nonisothermal kinetic equation for linear heating is proposed, and a small-intraction bound of 0.
Abstract: A simple and satisfactorily accurate solution of the exponential integral in the nonisothermal kinetic equation for linear heating is proposed:
$$\mathop \smallint \limits_0^T e^{ - E/RT} dT = \frac{{RT^2 }}{{E + 2RT}}e^{ - E/RT} $$
TL;DR: In this paper, the GATE Equatorial Oceanographic Experiment (GATE) was used to observe the South Equatorial Current and the Equatorial Undercurrent with time scales of 2-3 weeks.
Abstract: Observations from the GATE Equatorial Oceanographic Experiment are presented. They reveal large scale meandering of the westward flowing South Equatorial Current and of the eastward flowing Equatorial Undercurrent with time scales of 2–3 weeks. Meandering of the flow pattern was found to be related to corresponding displacements of the high salinity core of the undercurrent. The observations tend to support the assumption of a long wave propagating westward with a phase speed of 2.3 m s−1 and a wavelength of 3,200 km. A possible explanation may be given in terms of unstable waves caused by large scale horizontal shear in the Equatorial Current System.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the Coulomb law states that the field produced by a point charge is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the charge to the point of interest.
Abstract: Publisher Summary
This chapter discusses constant electromagnetic fields. For a constant electric field, the Coulomb law states that field produced by a point charge is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the charge. If there is a system of charges, then the held produced by this system is equal, according to the principle of superposition, to the sum of the fields produced by each of the particles individually. In determining the energy of a system of charges, it is started from the energy of the field, that is, from the expression for the energy density. From the Larmor's theorem, the derivative of average angular momentum (M) of the system is equal to the moment (K) of the forces acting on the system. If the e/m ratio is the same for all particles of the system, the angular momentum and magnetic moment are proportional to one another. The vector M¯ (and with it the magnetic moment m¯) rotates with angular velocity –Ω around the direction of the field, while its absolute magnitude and the angle that it makes with this direction remain fixed.
TL;DR: Within the frame work of Pekar's model for a spatially dispersive, bounded medium, optical spectra of thin crystals, reported by as discussed by the authors, showed a structure due to the interference of additional waves and the Fabry-Perot structure deviating markedly from the one expected in the classical case in the neighbourhood of exciton resonances.
Abstract: Within the frame work of Pekar's model for a spatially dispersive, bounded medium, optical spectra of thin crystals, reported by us recently, are analyzed, showing a structure due to the interference of additional waves and the Fabry-Perot structure deviating markedly from the one expected in the classical case in the neighbourhood of exciton resonances. A comparison of the experimental reflectivity with that obtained numerically provides values for all physical parameters defining dispersion and damping of the photoexcitons. Some additional experimental results for excitons in thin crystals are reported: evidence for the induced surface wave, an effect of the forbidden exciton, etc.
[Russian Text Ignored]
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of α-actinin alone and in complex with Factin has been determined, and the molecular shape and size of this protein have been determined.
TL;DR: In this article, the Coulomb wave and Green function were employed in the momentum representation of double photoionization and photoionisation accompanied by excitation of He-like atomic systems.
Abstract: Cross sections of such processes as double photoionization and photoionization accompanied by excitation of He-like atomic systems are investigated in the limit of high, but still not relativistic, photon energies. In addition to total cross sections electron energy and angular distributions are also obtained. Coulomb wave and Green functions were employed in the momentum representation. Results for the total double ionization cross section as a function of photon energy are close to those obtained by predecessors with much more complicated ground state wavefunctions. The cross section of ionization with simultaneous excitation differs considerably from those obtained before. Angular and energy distributions of ionized electrons, are, to this extent, investigated for the first time.
TL;DR: This paper describes the development of a mutant strain associated with periodic albinism (ap) in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis, and shows that the mutant syndrome is inherited as a recessive trait.
Abstract: This paper describes the development of a mutant strain associated with periodic albinism (ap) in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis. The most outstanding feature of this mutation is the instability of the albino state. In the course of the development there is a succession of three periods of pigment expression: (1) complete absence of melanin pigment, (2) appearance of melanin in the pigmented epithelium of the eyes and in small quantities in skin melanophores, (3) disappearance of most pigment granules. Repeated spawnings show that the mutant syndrome is inherited as a recessive trait. Possible ways of analysing pigment cell differentiation with the use of the mutation described are discussed.