Showing papers by "Sao Paulo State University published in 1982"

Compartimentacao e evolucao tectonica da bacia do parana

Abstract: The Parana Basin was developed on one of the younger areas of the South American platform, and its basement cratonization had continued up till the Eopaleozoic. The Brazilian South-Southeast folded belt, with a NE-SW strike in Upper Pre-Cambrian, probably had watched the development of subsequent aulacogenic trenches with NW-SE trends in the Cambro-Ordovician. extending easterly from the present Andean belt. These "rift" type zones had controlled the pericratonic sedimentation on the western border area of the present basin during the Silurian. During the Devonian, a portion of the future Parana Basin, belonging to the present Andean belt, had been divided into sections by the uplift of the Asuncion arch. However, the NW·SE weakness zones, which were previously impressed on the basin basement, had strongly controlled the Devonian sedimentation, the Lower Carboniferous tectonic reactivation and erosion, and the very early Permocarboniferous sedimentation. In these espisodes, the vertical movements had been controlled by the old "rift" pattern which is related to the aulacogenic channels in the basement. The basin had acquired an intracratonic sineclise character, which was clearly defined during the Middle-Upper Permian and which was maintened up till the Lower Triassic. In southern Brazil, a wide uplift of the crust, which had begun in the Jurassic-Cretaceous, had caused the vulcanism phenomenon and the old aulacogen zones of weekness and fault had been the tracks for the extrusion of the lava. The consequent shrinking of this crustal uplift area had controlled, subsequently, the subsidence process of the coastal basins, such as Campos and Santos, as well as the reactivation and the sedimentation of the Bauru Group at the continent. The successive boundaries of this contracting movement in the domic area were controlled by the NE-SW alignments. The rift phase of the coastal basins of that time had caused the elevation of the coastal margin of the old NE-SW folded belt and step faults were formed in both direction through the marginal basins and through the continental interior. The structures of Piratininga. Agudos, Artemis, Anhembi, etc, are examples of these step fault structures. Contemporaneously, the Upper Cretaceous sedimentation had begun in the northern area of the basin. The zones of NW-SE alignments had subdivided the Parana Basin, and had controlled the areas of maximum sedimentation, until the Tertiary, when the basin had been even more subdivided by the reactivation of these zones. This subdivision included the northern area which is still receiving sedimentation at the present time. The "riff" control of the basement, especially during the early Paleozoic sedimentation and reactivation and the "rift" strong influence during the Mesozoic evolution, allows the classification of the Parana Basin as an intracontinental, cratonic, type 2A complex basin, similar to the west Siberian basins.

Experimental pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in mice: morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cellular immune response.

Abstract: The present paper describes a murine model for pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis injecting 6×105 yeast forms ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) by the direct intratracheal route. The sequential histopathology of lung and dissemination lesions together with humoral (immunodiffusion test) and cellular immune response (footpad test and macrophage inhibition factor assay — MIF assay) were investigated since the 1st to the 360th day after infection. All infected animal showed pulmonary Pbmycosis up to Day 30; onwards the lesions subsided being found only in one mouse at Day 360. Dissemination lesions were observed in paratracheal and cervical lymph nodes in 9 out of 68 infected animals. Histologically early lesions were rich in polymorphonuclear cells and evolved to a macrophage desquamative pneumonitis at Day 15 and to typical epithelioid granulomata from Day 30 up to Day 360. Specific precipitating antibodies were first detected 15 days after infection, peaked from Day 30 to 60 and were not observed at Day 360. Significant cell-mediated immunity to Pb was noted at Day 15 with the peak reaction at Day 60 and 90.

Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the Syrian hamster. Morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Abstract: Male hamsters (105) received intratesticular injection of suspension of a live yeast phase culture ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis and were sacrificed weekly during 20 weeks. Humoral immunity was studied by the agar-gel immunodiffusion (ID) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests. Cell-mediated immunity was determined by the macrophage migration inhibition test in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) andParacoccidioides brasiliensis soluble antigen (PbAg). The morphology of the lesions was studied in the inoculation site, lymph nodes, lung, liver, spleen and kidneys. Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis was observed in 100% of the animals after the first week. The lesions were initially made up of fungi surrounded by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages. Up to the 10th week the majority of the lesions appeared as compact confluent ephitelioid granulomas containing rare large fungi, some showing signs of degeneration. At this time, the specific antibody titers and the cellular immune response to PHA and PbAg were highest. From the 11th week on the granulomas became less compact, edematous with the epithelioid cells loosely arranged. This change was accompanied by an increase in the number of fungi showing reproductive activity and was associated with renal amyloidosis and progressive decline of cellular immune response both to PHA and PbAg. Contrariwise the titers of circulating antibodies were maintained. In the present model, disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis of the hamster was associated with depression of cellular immunity, change in the pattern of the granuloma, intense fungi proliferation and amyloidosis.

Estudo da interceptação da água de chuva em cobertura florestal amazônica do tipo terra firme

Abstract: It was determined the fraction of the rainfall intercepted by a canopy forest, located at the Reserva Florestal Ducke, 26 km far from Manaus. It was used one recording rain gauge out of the canopy and 20 rain gauges under the canopy. The results showed an average rainfall interception of 19,8%.

Chromosome numbers of angiosperms collected in the State of Sao Paulo

Abstract: UNESP,INST BIOCIENCIAS,DEPT BOT,LETRAS & CIENCIAS EXATAS,BR-15100 SAO JOSE RIO PRE,SP,BRAZIL

Balanço hídrico de pequena bacia hidrográfica em floresta amazônica de terra firme

Abstract: It was evaluated the annual transpiration, evapotranspiration and runoff rates from a 1.3 km2 watershed, located at Ducke Reserve, which is 26 km far from Manaus. The results showed that, from the total rainfall about 62% were transpired, 80.7% evapotranspired, and 19.3% runoff.

Biologia de Anofelinos amazônicos. V. Polimorfismo cromossômico de Anopheles darlingi Root (Diptera, Culicidae)

Abstract: Foi analisado o polimorfismo cromossomico de Anopheles darlingi, cuja amostra foi obtida na Rodovia BR-174 (Manaus/Boa Vista). Foram descritas duas novas inversoes independentes, estendendo-se para doze o numero de rearranjos de A. darlingi. Tres regioes de despareamento tambem foram descritas, sendo uma no cromossomo X e duas no cromossomo 2. Ocorreu uma alta incidencia de inversoes no estado heterozigoto e o numero medio por individuo foi elevado (4,13 ± 0.13). As frequencias elevadas e significativas de heterozigotos para a maioria das inversoes foram interpretadas como indicativas de uma adaptabilidade maior dos mesmos em relacao a heterogeneidade ambiental. Os testes para associacao de inversoes evidenciaram a ocorrencia de uma associacao intracromossomica (bracos 3R e 3L) e quatro intercromossomicas (cromossomos X - 3 e 2 - 3). Os dados de polimorfismo cromossomico de Anopheles darlingi corroboram a hipotese de que populacoes centrais da area de distribuicao geografica de uma especie sao mais polimorficas que as populacoes marginais. As populacoes de A. darlingi da Amazonia sao altamente polimorficas quando comparadas com as populacoes do sul nas quais foram fixados determinados arranjos com reduzido polimorfismo.

Culture of Candida in vinasse and molasses: Effect of acid and salt addition on biomass and raw protein production

Abstract: Species of the genera Candida grown in vinasse and molasses were studied under the following conditions: agitation of containers, pH 4.6, culture time of 24 hours at 30°C. The greatest biomass production of C. krusei grown in vinasse was obtained with the addition of 0.1% H3PO4, and of C. guilliermondii and C. utilis with the addition 0.02% urea plus 0.03% H3PO4. Protein levels near 50% were found in C. utilis in vinasse supplemented either with molasses, with 0.05% MgSO4, or with 0.02% urea plus 0.03% H3PO4.

Estudos sobre estrutura, ciclo de vida e comportamento de Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), na área entre 22ºs e 28ºs, Brasil: 1. Morfologia dos otólitos

Abstract: A total of 4751 pairs of otoliths of Sardinella brasiliensis was colected between 22olat S and 28o lat S along and offshore the Brazilian coast. These pairs were studied to ascertain whether otoliths can be used as a reliable character for the assessment of individual age and population characteristics. The morphology of the otoliths is discussed in detail. Both periodic and non periodic rings (Tr and TPN) are shown to occur. TR and TPN are related to events during the larval and juvenile stages. Well defined growth rings are also present and may be used as age indicators. Morphologic and morphometric characters, specially length of rostrum, lenght of anti-rostrum and weight are correlated with total length; the results confirm earlier studies by different methods that suggest that the species, in the region studied, is broken down into different groups imperfectly isolated from one another. In conclusion, the study of details of the otoliths of this species is an useful addition to others as a mean to separate the various groups. Spatial and temporal distribution of specimens with different types of otoliths suggeets a certain degree of mixture among groups through migration of individuals and partial overlapping in space.

Structure and evolution of tetraodontoid teeth: An autoradiographic study (pisces, Tetraodontiformes)

Abstract: For years teeth of tetraodontoid fishes generally have been considered coalescent even though “coalescence,” which also is found in fishes of other families, has never been well defined. This paper deals with some aspects of coalescence of the teeth in tetraodontoids and attempts to define this condition. The sites of osteodentinogenesis and the mechanisms by which hard tissues are formed, reabsorbed, and abraded during feeding were analyzed from semiserial decalcified sections and from ground sections, as well as from autoradiographs of the premaxilla and dentary bones of Sphoeroides greeleyi. The observations reported here, taken together with other data we have obtained on members of the Tetraodontoidei, permit clear definitions of “tooth” and “supporting bone,” and consequently the structural meaning of coalescence. From these data we hypothesize how coalesced masticatory structures may have evolved in this group.

Superior cervical ganglionectomy: Effect on indolic compounds in rat pineal gland

Abstract: Four indolic constituents of the pineal gland of rats exposed to light or dark conditions, respectively, were measured by HPLC. Animals that had had both superior cervical ganglia extirpated 8 days before pineal removal and analysis did not show the phasic changes in glandular content of melatonin, serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophol or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. On the other hand, unilaterally ganglionectomized rats displayed the types of response to photic stimulation seen in intact animals for all four compounds.

Estudos sobre estrutura, ciclo de vida e comportamento de Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), na área entre 22ºS e 28ºS, Brasil: 2. determinação da idade individual e crescimento dos otólitos

Abstract: Analisou-se a validade da determinacao da idade individual de S. brasiliensis atraves do numero de aneis de crescimento de otolitos de exemplares coletados na area da costa brasileira entre 22oS (RJ) e 28oS (SC). Foi comprovada a existencia de relacao linear entre raio do otolito e comprimento do peixe, periodicidade anual e epoca de formacao dos aneis (agosto), obedecendo a padroes definidos. Estimou-se parâmetros de crescimento dos otolitos ao longo da area estudada, estabelecendo-se quatro padroes distintos, que contituem mais um subsidio na caracterizacao das populacoes que existem na area.

Biologia de anofelinós amazônicos. VII. Estudo da variação de freqüências das inversões cromossômicas de Anopheles darlingi Root (Diptera, Culicidae) ( )

Abstract: Tres amostras de populacoes naturais de Anopheles darlingi foram analisadas quanto as frequencias das inversoes, cujas coletas foram obtidas no Km 175 da Rodovia BR-174 (Manaus/Boa Vista). Duas amostras foram coletadas durante o periodo da estacao chuvosa e a terceira no periodo da estacao seca. Os resultados evidenciaram o carater altamente polimorfico das populacoes de A. darlingi da Amazonia e tambem modificacoes das variantes geneticas, no decorrer das amostragens. Ocorreram variacoes, em diferentes niveis, nas frequencias das inversoes dos tres pares de cromossomos e quanto as frequencias de tres regioes de despareamento, sendo uma no cromossomo X e duas no cromossomo 2. Foram realizados testes de associacao de inversoes intra e intercromossomicas e a comparacao dos resultados de cada teste, nas tres amostras simultaneamente, evidenciou que uma mesma associacao nao esta presente em duas ou tres amostragens ao mesmo tempo. Essas modificacoes, ocorridas nos diferentes periodos, foram interpretadas como decorrentes da reestruturacao da composicao genetica das populacoes, face as alteracoes ambientais. Altas frequencias de heterozigotos, com valores proximos ou acima de 50%, foram observadas para a maioria das inversoes, porem em niveis diferentes conforme a inversao e o periodo de amostragem considerados. O numero medio de inversoes, por individuo, no estado heterozigoto, tambem se modificou no decorrer dos periodos, sendo os maiores valores registrados durante a estacao chuvosa. Esses resultados foram discutidos considerando-se a heterogeneidade das florestas amazonicas e a estrategia adaptativa da especie. Tambem e discutida a hipotese de que a constituicao cariotipica dos especimes poderia interferir nos parâmetros da capacidade vetorial da especie.

Biologia de anofelinos amazônicos. IV. Observações sobre a atividade de picar de Anopheles nuneztovari Gabaldon (Diptera, Culicidae)

Abstract: Observations on the biting activity of the Anopheles nuneztovari collected between 18:00 and 22:00 in different places along BR-174 Highway (Manaus/Boa Vista) which presented the exophilic habit are here related. Variations at the beginning and at the end of the biting activity were noted, but it is concentrated approximately between 18:30 and 19:10.

Constitutive heterochromatin, G-bands and nucleolus-organizer regions in four species of Didelphidae (Marsupialia)

Abstract: Chromosomes of Didelphis albiventris, D. marsupialis, Philander opossum and Lutreolina crassicaudata, four species of marsupials with very similar karyotypes and 2n=22 were studied. All the chromosomes were acrocentrics except the X in L. crassicaudata, which is a metacentric.

Immunological disturbances in toxic multinodular goitre and active Graves' disease.

Abstract: SUMMARY Cell-mediated and humoral immunity were studied in seventeen patients with toxic multinodular goitre, ten with active Graves’disease and fourteen healthy controls. The study included determination of sheep erythrocyte and complement rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood, immunoglobulin levels, titres of microsomal antibodies and migration inhibition test using thyroid extract and phytohaemagglutinin. When compared with controls the patients showed a positive response to thyroid antigen in the leucocyte migration inhibition test. Microsomal antibodies were detected in seven out of ten active Graves’disease patients against two out of seventeen of those with toxic multinodular goitre. Significantly increased IgG and IgA and decreased IgM levels were found only in the toxic multinodular group. These data provide further evidence for immunological disturbances in toxic multinodular goitre.

O trabalho da mulher no Brasil

Abstract: This article discusses, in general, the feminine participation in the economically acti-ve population, by groups of countries according to the stage of industrialization, and, in particular, the work situation of the woman in Brazil.