Showing papers by "Southern Illinois University Carbondale published in 1973"
TL;DR: The client practiced movements which were the reverse of the nervous habit, he learned to be aware of each instance of the habit and to differentiate it from its usual response chain and he was given social approval for his efforts to inhibit the habit.
797 citations
TL;DR: An operant reinforcement approach was used in the present study to develop a new procedure that rearranged community reinforcers such as the job, family and social relations of the alcoholic such that drinking produced a time-out from a high density of reinforcement.
546 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that the reciprocity procedure increased reported marital happiness, whereas the control procedure did not, and indicated that the procedure is an effective, rapid and enduring method of producing marital happiness.
304 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that virtually all healthy children who have reached 20 months of age can be toilet trained and within a few hours.
129 citations
TL;DR: A new method of generating all vertices of a given convex polytope is described, which embeds the givenpolytope in a one-higher-dimensional space and associates a number with each interior point that facilitates the construction of a spanning tree for all of the interior points.
Abstract: This paper describes a new method of generating all vertices of a given convex polytope. Additionally, irrelevant constraints are easily identified without the necessity of enumerating any of the vertices of the given convex polytope. The method embeds the given polytope in a one-higher-dimensional space. The projection of the additional vertices formed by the embedding process into the original space lie in the interior of the polytope and have a tree structure for one and two polytopes. For higher dimensions, the embedding process associates a number with each interior point that facilitates the construction of a spanning tree for all of the interior points. The interior points added can be efficiently generated by a variant of the simplex method. The vertices of the original polytope can be generated easily from these internal points by analyzing the appropriate simplex tableaux.
115 citations
TL;DR: The Dry-Bed procedure appears to be a very rapid solution to the problem of enuresis among the retarded and may be applicable to other difficult populations and also to normals.
108 citations
TL;DR: A procedure was developed in which overcorrective practice in relaxation was given to each of eight adult retardates for their disruptions, resulting in a rapid, enduring and almost complete reduction in such behavior as self-injury, threats, physical aggression, screaming, crying, cursing and tantrums.
87 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the microscopic features found to be most useful in characterizing the peats and relating them to their original depositional and vegetational environments were (1) their color (at 30×); (2) the ratio of framework to matrix; (3) the ratios of nonsedimentary to sedimentary constituents; (4) the proportions of remnants of plants assignable to particular plant species; and (5) the percentages of various accessory ingredients, such as fungal remains, fecal pellets, diatoms, insect parts, sponge spicules, quartz
Abstract: Ten or more samples of surface peat were obtained from each of six peat-forming environments in the Okefenokee swamp-marsh complex of southern Georgia. These peat-forming environments were chosen for study because they were found from core studies to have been the most important peat producers throughout much of the history of peat formation in the swamp. The peat samples were dehydrated in alcohol, embedded in paraffin (using the methods of Cohen and Spackman, 1972), and sectioned (to 15 µ) with a sliding microtome. The microscopic features found to be most useful in characterizing the peats and relating them to their original depositional and vegetational environments were (1) their color (at 30×); (2) the ratio of framework to matrix; (3) the ratio of nonsedimentary to sedimentary constituents; (4) the proportions of remnants of plants assignable to particular plant species; and (5) the percentages of various accessory ingredients, such as fungal remains, fecal pellets, diatoms, insect parts, sponge spicules, quartz, and charcoal. The peat-forming environments investigated were (1) the Nymphaea environment (open-water marshes dominated by floating aquatic plants); (2) the Carex , Panicum , and Woodwardia environments (glades or island fringes dominated by emergent aquatic plants); and (3) Cyrilla and Taxodium environments (tree islands and swamps). The peat sediments deposited in each of these regions were found to have distinctively different micropetrographic characteristics. Aside from the qualitative and quantitative data collected for the purpose of defining the peat types, data were also collected in a form which could be used to determine the most likely eventual coal compositions of the peats. The herbaceous peats were found to have low percentages of pre-resinites (cell fillings and secretions), pre-sclerotinites (fungal remains), and fusinite (charcoal), and high percentages of pre-micrinites (fine granular debris). On the other hand, peats derived from tree vegetation had higher percentages of pre-resinites, pre-sclerotinites, and fusinites, and had relatively smaller amounts of pre-micrinitic materials. The former would probably result in a massive (unlaminated) dull coal, and the latter would probably become a somewhat brighter laminated type.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that naive intertemporal optimization is consistent only if the future preference ordering is structured so that the future is functionally separable from the present preference ordering.
Abstract: A plan for an intertemporal consumer (or society) is a (constrained optimum) specification of consumption behaviour from the present to the end of his life (or time horizon). If an individual cannot dictate his future behaviour, he may be inconsistent (Strotz [12]); that is, he may, as time passes, revise his specified future behaviour. Among the many unpleasant features of inconsistent planning is that if an individual behaves myopically (" naively ", cf. Pollak [10]) by continually executing the present portion of his plan, his behaviour, ex post, makes no sense from any point of view. This paper presents alternative ways of looking at intertemporal behaviour, and examines the conditions under which such behaviour is consistent. In Section III, we show that naive intertemporal optimization is consistent only if intertemporal preferences are structured so that the future is functionally separable from the present. In Section lV, we discuss " sophisticated solutions", which have been suggested, [1], [10] and [12], as a planning strategy when the intertemporal preference ordering does not satisfy the necessary condition for consistent naive planning. We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for sophisticated solutions and find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the "sophisticated " choice functions to be generated by conventional utility maximization.
80 citations
TL;DR: Results support the notion that the employment process depends on factors unrelated to work skills and that job finding can be analyzed as an exchange of social reinforcers.
Abstract: The current conception of the employment process is that positions become available, are publicized, and are filled by the most qualified job seekers. An alternative conception is proposed that social factors play a major role in the process and that job finding can be analyzed as an exchange of social reinforcers in which the first behavioral step is to locate job openings. A questionnaire survey of 120 jobs found that two-thirds of the job leads came from friends or relatives who: (1) usually knew of a specific opening (63%); (2) were themselves employed by the hiring firm (71%); and (3) actively influenced the hiring process (53%). An experimental evaluation was made of an “Information-Reward” advertisement procedure for motivating community residents to report unpublicized openings. It was found that the Information-Reward procedure produced 10 times as many job leads and eight times as many placements as a noreward control advertisement. These findings represent a first step toward a much needed technology of job finding that is based on experimental evidence and support the notion that the employment process depends on factors unrelated to work skills.
73 citations
TL;DR: Textures in the sediments indicate that the sequence contains no point-bar deposits and is unbroken by periods of erosion, indicating that deposition began at least 6000 years ago and has continued to the present.
Abstract: A thick sequence of floodplain sediments has accumulated in the Delaware River Valley by the process of overbank deposition. Textures in the sediments indicate that the sequence contains no point-bar deposits and is unbroken by periods of erosion. Fourteen radiocarbon dates show that deposition began at least 6000 years ago and has continued to the present. Because the Delaware River shifts its position laterally at a very slow rate, overbank deposition becomes dominant in the construction of its floodplain.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated five leadership dimensions and seven satisfaction criteria in two state highway department bureaus and found that the discrepancy and interactive models were not more strongly related to criteria than leadership behavior alone.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the (human and mouse cell) membranes of the Frye-Edidin experiments are in a phase transition or critical region at 37 °C.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Raman scattering spectrum from finite crystals of MgO was observed at 595, 719, and 1096 µm−cm−1/ε 1−ε 1/ε 2/ε 3/ε 4/ε 595 µm −719 and µm-1-ε 1 /ε 3 /ε 2 /ε 4.
Abstract: We have observed the Raman scattering spectrum from finite crystals of MgO. Lines have been observed at 595, 719, and 1096 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Very good agreement is obtained between the observed lines and the lattice dynamic theory of finite crystals. However, no agreement is obtained with the macroscopic theory.
TL;DR: This paper presents a formalization of the concept of cluster analysis, and begins with an intuitive description of clustering, and discusses the separation of the measurement problem from the clustering problem.
TL;DR: The number of rouleau and the number of spermatozoa in individual rouleaux decreased after copulation in all parts of the female genital tract with time while a corresponding increase in single spermatoza was evident and the rate of rouLeaux dissociation was faster in uteri than in oviducts.
Abstract: Single spermatozoa and spermatozoa in rouleaux were found throughout the genital tract of 21 female guinea pigs killed 15 minutes to 24 hours after copulation. Three females killed three to five minutes postcopulation had single spermatozoa and spermatozoa in rouleaux in the vagini, cervix, and uterus but not in the oviduct. The number of rouleaux and the number of spermatozoa in individual rouleaux decreased after copulation in all parts of the female genital tract with time while a corresponding increase in single spermatozoa was evident. The rate of rouleaux dissociation was faster in uteri than in oviducts. Only single spermatozoa were found near ova in the oviducts. The uterotubal junction appeared to act as a barrier to multitudes of spermatozoa passing from the uterus to the oviducts. However, some single spermatozoa and some rouleaux passed this barrier. Unusually large rouleaux were observed up to 12 hours after copulation in the pockets of the uterotubal junction. Single spermatozoa and few rouleaux of two spermatozoa in the uteri of females killed 8 to 24 hours postcopulation were phagocytised. No phagocytosis of spermatozoa was observed at any time in the oviduct.
TL;DR: Since increased production of ESF occurred in the absence of recognizable physiologic requirements and since the normal reciprocal relationship between O2 delivery and hormone production was absent, the most likely explanation for this clinical constellation is a cellular defect in the regulation of production of ESL or of its precursor substances.
TL;DR: Cells of Fleischmann bakers' yeast were grown in standard nutrient broth and in broth to which cobalt, or cadmium, or thallium, had been added and Electron microscopy showed that the endoplasmic reticulum was fixed well in cells grown in cobalt or cad mium, but theendoplasmo-reticulum wasn’t fixed in cells growing in normal orThallium broth.
Abstract: Cells of Fleischmann bakers' yeast were grown in standard nutrient broth and in broth to which cobalt, or cadmium, or thallium, had been added. The cells were fixed by glutaradehyde-permanganate and sectioned. Electron microscopy showed that ( a ) the endoplasmic reticulum was fixed well in cells grown in cobalt or cadmium, but the endoplasmic reticulum was not fixed in cells grown in normal or thallium broth; ( b ) the cristate mitochondria were normal in all cells except those grown in cadmium. No cristae were visible in the “cristate” mitochondria of cells grown in cadmium broth; ( c ) a large fraction of the cells recovered from cadmium broth were respiratory-deficient; ( d ) thallic oxide was present in the cristate mitochondria of cells recovered from thallium broth.
TL;DR: Macrophages and lymphocytes derived from an actively immunized cow supported BVDV replication equally as well as those from nonimmunized animals.
Abstract: Bovine macrophages and lymphocyte suspensions were cultivatedin vitro from peripheral blood and used to study the interaction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) with cells from immunized and nonimmunized animals. Using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 38, maximum BVDV concentration was observed 4 days after infection of macrophages, representing a 150,000-fold increase in virus. As much as 96 per cent of the virus inoculum was adsorbed by the macrophages. The addition of BVDV-neutralizing antibody to preinfected macrophage cultures for a period of 3 days resulted in a masking effect but reappearance of BVDV after antibody was removed. Replication of BVDV was also observed in peripheral bovine lymphocyte suspensions and was enhanced as much as 8-fold by the addition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to these cells. Macrophages and lymphocytes derived from an actively immunized cow supported BVDV replication equally as well as those from nonimmunized animals.
TL;DR: In this article, the exchange and hydrogenolysis (deuteriumolysis) of thiophene, 2-methylthio-phene, 3methylthiophene and furan were examined over a Mo γ- alumina catalyst.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report a survey research application as a part of the &dquo;Goals for Carbondale&dquoquo; program which was conducted last year in Carboudale by the Citizens Advisory Committee, that city's officially designated CP unit.
Abstract: There are two basic objectives of this article. The first is to demonstrate how survey research can be used as a form of citizen participation. Specifically, the authors will report a survey research application as a part of the &dquo;Goals for Carbondale&dquo; program which was conducted last year in Carbondale by the Citizens Advisory Committee, that city’s officially designated CP unit. Carbondale is a small city of some 30,000 located in the extreme southern portion of the state. The chief industry of the city is Southern Illinois University which is a large, diversified state school of approximately 20,000 students. The size of the university compared to the city and the unique mixture of urban and rural, university and townspeople, and
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of proven techniques for working with iron sulfide petrifactions is presented, including preparation of polished surfaces, etched surfaces, split surfaces, and peels.
TL;DR: The response latency of following directions by an 8-yr-old boy from a class for emotionally disturbed children was modified by the contingent application of a token system to demonstrate reinforcer effectiveness.
Abstract: The response latency of following directions by an 8-yr-old boy from a class for emotionally disturbed children was modified by the contingent application of a token system. To demonstrate reinforcer effectiveness, a multiple baseline approach was used. Measures were obtained for the time elapsed between the presentation of verbal directions and five performances: (1) entering the experimental room, (2) putting toys away, (3) beginning academic work, (4) putting toys away again, and (5) returning to the classroom and completing preparations for leaving school. These five measures were placed on the token system at three different times. The results demonstrated that four of the five performances were clearly affected by the token system as their response latency for following directions decreased substantially.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a 2 × 2 ×2 × 5 factorial design in which the factors were goal orientation (Own Gain vs Relative Gain), strategy of the other (conditionally cooperative vs yoked control), the availability vs unavailability of the social comparison, and trials.
TL;DR: This is the first report of the induction of thirst in cats by central chemical stimulation and furthers the concept that angiotensin II is a potent dipsogen in vertebrates.
Abstract: When the level of angiotensin II in the brain is augmented by microinjection of this substance the fully-hydrated cat drinks copiosly. The magnitude of this response is closely dependent upon the dose of angiotensin II injected. The latency of the drinking response was 1–2 min for each of the doses of angiotensin employed in this study. This is the first report of the induction of thirst in cats by central chemical stimulation and furthers the concept that angiotensin II is a potent dipsogen in vertebrates.
TL;DR: The authors of as discussed by the authors were indebted to the following students who volunteered their time to this study: Linda Grass, Nancy Payne, Jo Ann Neisz, JoAnn Neisza, Julie Boren, Rhonda Warnberg, Maribeth Montgomery, Margaret Dubicki, Colleen DeWitt, Karen Ferguson, Carol Eells, and Diane Kadlubiak.
Abstract: 1The authors are indebted to the following students who volunteered their time to this study: Linda Grass, Nancy Payne, Jo Ann Neisz, Julie Boren, Rhonda Warnberg, Maribeth Montgomery, Margaret Dubicki, Colleen DeWitt, Karen Ferguson, Carol Eells, and Diane Kadlubiak. Appreciation is also expressed to the teachers and public school administrative officials whose pleasant cooperation and concern made this research possible. Strauss and Lehtinen (1947) have said of the brain-injured child: &dquo;Any noise may cause him to attend; any motion seemingly insignificant may attract him. The teacher will repeatedly find him gazing at pictures and decorations while his lesson is neglected on his desk [p. 129] .&dquo; In the latest revision of a text
Patent•
02 Jan 1973TL;DR: In this article, a resolution system is prepared comprising a mixture of optical isomers of a precursor compound and a proteolytic enzyme in an aqueous medium, where the L-isomer of the precursor compound, which corresponds to the structural formula, is hydrolyzed to produce the N-acyl-L-alanine intermediate.
Abstract: A method for producing L-dopa at high rates, high yields and relatively low cost In accordance with the method, a resolution system is prepared comprising a mixture of optical isomers of a precursor compound and a proteolytic enzyme in an aqueous medium The L-isomer of the precursor compound, which corresponds to the structural formula: WHERE R1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, furyl, thienyl, styryl, t-butyloxy or benzyloxy, and R3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl, is hydrolyzed to produce the L-isomer of a substituted N-acyl alanine intermediate corresponding to the structural formula: WHILE THE D-isomer of the precursor remains substantially unchanged The N-acyl-L-alanine intermediate is isolated from the D-isomer of the precursor and then hydrolyzed to produce L-dopa
TL;DR: Results with this enzyme prepared both from yeast and from beef kidney mitochondria suggest that the inhibition observed may be the basis of a regulatory mechanism of general significance.