The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina

About: The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina is a education organization based out in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Stars & Population. The organization has 526 authors who have published 1316 publications receiving 18940 citations.

A New Stomatolepas Barnacle Species (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Coronuloidea) from Leatherback Sea Turtles

Abstract: A new species of the commensal barnacle genus Stomatolepas has been collected from leatherback turtles in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is described here as S. pilsbryi n. sp. and compared to its congeners S. elegans (Costa, 1838) and S. praegustator Pilsbry, 1910. A neotype is also designated for S. elegans.

Introduction to Intelligence Studies

Abstract: An Overview of Intelligence What Is Intelligence? The Challenge of Defining Intelligence Information and Intelligence Types of Intelligence Functions of Intelligence Agencies Policymakers and Decision-Makers Intelligence Foundations in U.S. Government U.S. Intelligence Community Purpose of Intelligence Limitations of Intelligence History of Intelligence in the United States Revolutionary War to Civil War Civil War to World War I Law Enforcement Intelligence: The Palmer Raids World War I to Pearl Harbor World War II The Cold War National Security Act of 1947 Early Days of the CIA Korean War Creation of the National Security Agency Evolution of IMINT Cuba Vietnam Era War at Home Watergate and the Pike and Church Committees The Carter Years The Reagan Years: End of Cold War End of the Soviet Union Emergence of Terrorism Espionage in 1980s and 1990s The Clinton Years 9/11 and Its Aftermath Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and Creation of the Director of National Intelligence Recent Developments in the Struggle against Terrorism The IC Today Designated Federal Agencies and the DNI Director of National Intelligence Independent Agencies: CIA Department of Energy: Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence DHS: Office of Intelligence and Analysis DHS: Coast Guard Intelligence Department of Justice: FBI Department of Justice: DEA Department of State: Bureau of Intelligence and Research Department of the Treasury: Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Military Agencies: Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines Military Agencies: Defense Intelligence Agency Military Agencies: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Military Agencies: National Security Agency Military Agencies: National Reconnaissance Office Federal, State, and Local Agencies Federal Agencies State and Local Agencies Private Sector Collection Considerations for Collection Credibility Issues: Vetting the Source Information: How Much Is Enough? Protecting Sources and Methods First Step in Collection-You Need to Have a Plan Collection Methods: The "INTs" Human Intelligence Signals Intelligence Geospatial Intelligence Financial Intelligence Open Source Intelligence Barriers to Analysis Murky World of IC Psychological Barriers Group Decision-Making Bureaucratic Barriers: Politics and the Will of the Policymaker Bureaucratic Barriers: Information Sharing Security and Sharing: Inherent Tension Analytical Methods Critical Thinking Collaboration Structured Analytical Techniques Understanding Our Assumptions: Key Assumptions Check Considering All Sides of the Issue: Analysis of Competing Hypotheses Preparing for Whatever Comes: Scenarios The Emperor's Clothes Are Fair Game: Contrarian Methods Analytical Software Putting It All Together: The Intelligence Cycle Information and the Origin of the Intelligence Cycle The Intelligence Cycle Step One: Planning and Direction Step Two: Collection Step Three: Processing Step Four: Analysis Step Five: Dissemination Step Six: Evaluation Critical Reactions to the Intelligence Cycle Counterintelligence Defensive Counterintelligence Classification Systems Security Clearances Counterintelligence Operations Offensive Counterintelligence Catching Spies in the United States International Operations Disinformation Counterintelligence Operations Today Covert Operations Covert Operations Clandestine Operations Deception Operations Recent History of Covert and Clandestine Operations by the United States Military Covert Operations Legal Requirements upon the President to Report Intelligence Operations Covert Operations and the War on Terror Are Covert Operations a Good Idea? Constitutional Mandates-Overview of Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Roles Legal Origin of the Intelligence Community Intelligence and International Law Targeting and Assassination Fourth Amendment: Right to Privacy History of FISA 28 Code of Federal Regulations 23 First Amendment Issues and Intelligence USA PATRIOT Act Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act Terrorism and Legal Proceedings Classified Information Procedures Act Ethics Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community Writing Types of Intelligence Writing Writing for an Audience How to Write Intelligence Products Good versus Bad Intelligence Writing The Art of Writing The Writing Process Briefing Basics of Public Speaking Briefing Preparation The Briefing Military Intelligence Purpose of Military Intelligence Types of Military Intelligence Command and Control The Military Intelligence Cycle Evolution of Military Intelligence Current State of Military Intelligence Intelligence Role of the Commander Role of the Military Intelligence Officer The "2 Section" Military Intelligence Assets Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield and Today's Threat Structure Military Intelligence within the National Defense Structure United States Army United States Navy United States Marine Corps United States Air Force Criminal Intelligence and Crime Analysis History of Intelligence in Law Enforcement Law Enforcement and Intelligence Criminal Intelligence before the 9-11 Attacks Intelligence-Led Policing in the United States and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan Fusion Centers Crime Analysis Research behind Crime Analysis Types of Crime Analysis Criminal Investigative Analysis Geographic Profiling Threats and Challenges for the Twenty-first Century Threats Natural Threats Illicit Drug Production and Distribution Border Security and Immigration Issues Transnational Organized Crime Human Trafficking Intellectual Property Theft Cyber Security Weapons Trafficking Terrorism Failed States, Failing States, and Rogue Nations Future of Intelligence Forecasting the Future A Look Ahead Technology Demographics Economic Trends Politics/Governance Vision 2015: How the DNI Defines the Future Infrastructure and Technology Policy Index

On the geometry of the unit spheres of the Lorentz spaces L w ,1

Abstract: We identify the extreme points of the unit sphere of the Lorentz space L w ,1 This yields a characterization of the surjective isometries of L w ,1 (0,1). Our main result is that every element in the unit sphere of L w ,1 is the barycenter of a unique Borel probability measure supported on the extreme points of the unit sphere of L w ,1 .

FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN™ in YOUTH SPORT PARTICIPANTS: EVALUATING the PROFICIENCY BARRIER for INJURY.

Abstract: Background & Purpose: The number of youth participating in sport increases yearly; however, the evaluation of youths’ movement ability and preparedness for sport remains inadequate or neglected. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) is an assessment of an individual’s movement quality that has been utilized to evaluate risk of injury in collegiate and professional sport; however, there is minimal support regarding the predictive value of the screen in youth sport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mean and distribution of FMS™ performance in sport participants age 11-18, and to evaluate the existence of a composite FMS™ score proficiency barrier to predict injury risk. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: One hundred, thirty-six participants (63 male, 73 female) age 11 to 18 years (16.01 + 1.35) were recruited from local schools and sport organizations. The FMS™ was administered prior to each participant’s competitive season and scored by researchers who demonstrated reliability in assessments derived from the screen (κw = 0.70 to 1). Injury data were collected by the participants’ Athletic Trainer over one season. An injury was defined as any physical insult or harm resulting from sports participation that required an evaluation from a health professional with time modified or time lost from sport participation. Results: Females scored significantly higher than males for mean FMS™ composite score (t=14.40; m=12.62; p < 0.001), and on individual measures including: the hurdle step (t=1.91; m=1.65; p < 0.001), shoulder mobility (t=2.68; m=2.02; p < 0.001), active straight leg raise (t=2.32; m=1.87; p < 0.001), and the rotary stability components (t=1.91; m=1.65; p < 0.05). Two FMS™ composite scores (score <14 and <15) significantly increased the odds of injury (OR=2.955). When adjusting for sport, there was no score relating to increased odds of injury. Conclusion: Dysfunctional movement as identified by the FMS™ may be related to increased odds of injury during the competitive season in youth athletes. Consideration of an individual’s movement within the context of their sport is necessary, as each sport and individual have unique characteristics. Addressing movement dysfunction may aid in injury reduction and potentially improve sport performance. Level of Evidence: 1b. Key Words: Functional movement screen, injury prevention, movement system, movement quality, youth sport

What We Mean When We Talk about Teaching: The Limits of Professional Language and Possibilities for Professionalizing Discourse in Teachers' Conversations.

Abstract: Background Long-standing calls to infuse technical language in teaching—what we call the Professional Language Project—have been revived in recent years along with the core practices movement in teacher education. The Professional Language Project has been identified as a desired outcome of research and a potential benefit to teacher education. Objective Drawing on sociolinguistic studies of teachers’ sensemaking, we critique the Professional Language Project to show its limits in making the intended contribution to teaching and teacher education. Research Design This analytic essay uses a practice perspective on both language and teaching to interrogate the premises of the Professional Language Project. Specifically, we hold up its goals against empirical findings about how teachers use language to make sense of instructional decisions in their workplaces. Conclusions Empirical studies of teachers’ in situ language use point to two fallacies in the Professional Language Project. First, the presence or absence of technical terms in teachers’ talk does not relate to the depth of their sensemaking or instructional sophistication, indicating that technical terms do not accomplish the conceptual goals that some Professional Language Project advocates suggest. Second, a prevailing common-sense discourse culture in teaching often results in conceptual slippage in the use of technical terms, leading words to be absorbed into existing conceptual systems more than they catalyze new understandings.