Showing papers by "Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú published in 2018"

The Management of Work and Education in Brazil's Unified Health System: thirty years of progress and challenges.

Abstract: Resumo Este artigo faz uma analise historica da Gestao do Trabalho e Educacao na Saude, nas tres decadas do SUS, a partir do referencial da sociologia das profissoes, abordando temas como: o mercado de trabalho, a evolucao dos empregos de saude, a forca de trabalho em saude, a regulacao e a dinâmica das graduacoes em saude. Analisa os momentos que caracterizam a area, desde o pre-SUS ate os dias atuais. O periodo evidencia um “boom” de escolas de saude, com participacao majoritaria do ensino privado; aumento da escolarizacao, iniquidade regional; surgimento perigoso da educacao a distância no campo da saude; desequilibrio entre oferta e demanda de mao de obra; expansao da capacidade instalada; municipalizacao dos empregos de saude; crescimento da equipe multiprofissional; precarizacao do trabalho; crescimento da informalidade dos vinculos empregaticios e deterioracao salarial.

As Ligas Acadêmicas na Área da Saúde: Lacunas do Conhecimento na Produção Científica Brasileira

Abstract: RESUMO As Ligas Academicas sao potentes estrategias desencadeadas na formacao em saude, protagonizadas por discentes e supervisionadas por docentes, que integram atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensao. O objetivo deste trabalho e conhecer a producao cientifica brasileira acerca das Ligas Academicas a fim de identificar lacunas do conhecimento. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo estado da questao, realizado por meio de busca nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saude (BVS) e no Banco de Teses e Dissertacoes da Capes. Utilizou-se como palavra-chave “ligas academicas”, seguida pela questao norteadora: “Qual a producao cientifica acerca das Ligas Academicas?”. Apos analise detalhada, foram selecionadas para a amostra final do estudo 24 producoes. Verificou-se que a area do conhecimento que mais pesquisa sobre as Ligas Academicas e a medicina, sendo a Revista Brasileira de Educacao Medica o periodico com mais publicacoes sobre esse tema. Identificou-se ainda que preponderaram os seguintes tipos de estudo: relato de experiencia e editorial. Os relatos de experiencia estavam relacionados principalmente as experiencias em Ligas por especialidades e por cursos de graduacao. Destaca-se ainda a normatizacao das Ligas Academicas e as Ligas Academicas e a formacao em saude como objeto de estudo. As Ligas Academicas vem crescendo em todo o territorio nacional, destacando-se os cursos de Medicina como precursores destas iniciativas. As principais contribuicoes para a formacao em saude sao a promocao de uma formacao embasada na realidade em que os futuros profissionais estarao inseridos, a capacidade de estimulo ao trabalho em equipe, a reflexao critica e a autonomia dos estudantes. No entanto, sao reconhecidos alguns desafios, como a especializacao precoce e a falta de supervisao docente efetiva. Com base no tripe da universidade formado pelo ensino, pesquisa e extensao, as Ligas Academicas tem a possibilidade de promover a formacao diferenciada em saude, antecipar a insercao de seus participantes nos campos de atuacao e preencher as lacunas do conhecimento encontradas na graduacao por meio do protagonismo e da autonomia discentes, alem de proporcionar a integracao ensino-servico-comunidade.

Hydroxyl Group and Vasorelaxant Effects of Perillyl Alcohol, Carveol, Limonene on Aorta Smooth Muscle of Rats

Abstract: The present study used isometric tension recording to investigate the vasorelaxant effect of limonene (LM), carveol (CV), and perillyl alcohol (POH) on contractility parameters of the rat aorta, focusing in particular on the structure-activity relationship. LM, CV, and POH showed a reversible inhibitory effect on the contraction induced by electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling. In the case of LM, but not CV and POH, this effect was influenced by preservation of the endothelium. POH and CV but not LM exhibited greater pharmacological potency on BayK-8644-induced contraction and on electromechanical coupling than on pharmacomechanical coupling. In endothelium-denuded preparations, the order of pharmacological potency on electrochemical coupling was LM < CV < POH. These compounds inhibited also, with grossly similar pharmacological potency, the contraction induced by phorbol ester dibutyrate. The present results suggest that LM, CV and POH induced relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle by means of different mechanisms likely to include inhibition of PKC and IP3 pathway. For CV and POH, hydroxylated compounds, it was in electromechanical coupling that the greater pharmacological potency was observed, thus suggesting a relative specificity for a mechanism likely to be important in electromechanical coupling, for example, blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channel.

1,8-Cineole blocks voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in tracheal smooth muscle.

Abstract: 1,8-Cineole is a cyclic monoterpenoid used in folk medicine for treatment of numerous respiratory diseases and other infections. 1,8-Cineole has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and myorelaxant effects, as well as low toxicity. In the present study, the effects of 1,8-cineole on contractility and voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) in tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. Intact and dissociated tracheal smooth muscle were used for muscle contraction and patch-clamp recordings, respectively. In experiments involving muscle contraction, 1,8-cineole potentiated contractions at low concentrations and relaxed contractions induced by isotonic K+ at high concentrations. AMTB (a TRPM8 channel blocker) reduced the potentiation induced by 1,8-cineole while indomethacin (a COX inhibitor) did not block this effect. In dissociated myocytes, 1,8-cineole partially blocked Ba2+ currents through VGCC in a concentration-dependent manner. 1,8-Cineole shifted the steady-state activation and inactivation curves to the left and also reduced the current decay time constant. In conclusion, 1,8-cineole has a dual effect on tracheal smooth muscle contraction resulting in a biphasic effect. Our data suggest that the potentiation effect is mediated by activation of TRPM8 channels and the relaxation effect is mediated by the blockage of L-type VGCC.

Organophosphorus Pesticide in Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) Fruit

Abstract: A method based on QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection was described for the pesticides dichlorvos, disulfoton, ethoprophos, parathion methyl, fenchlorphos, chlorpyrifos, azinphos methyl and prothiofos in sapodilla. For all compounds studies, it was observed a strong matrix effect showing the need to use matrix matched calibration strategy. Method was validated, and good linearity (R > 0.99) was obtained for all pesticides studied with limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 mg kg-1 and 0.03 to 0.2 mg kg-1, respectively. Recovery studies were performed at different levels (0.08, 0.10, 0.14, 0.20, 0.35 and 1.17 mg kg-1) and showed good results (between 70 and 120% with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20%). A statistical test was applied to the coefficients of the analytical curves obtained in the sapodilla matrix. Analyses of commercial samples showed chlorpyrifos were detected in about 70 and 33% for fruit and pulps samples, respectively. It should be noted that chlorpyrifos is not permitted in sapodilla crops by ANVISA and EC guidelines.

Use of group discussion as an educational strategy during nursing appointments for patient undergoing bariatric surgery

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe a health education meeting based on group discussion during a nursing appointment with patients who are waiting to perform bariatric surgery Methods: This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach performed in July 2017 at a referral hospital in the State of Ceara-Brazil in the performance of bariatric surgeries Twelve subjects participated and the data collection took place through self-completion of a semi-structured interview Data analysis was performed according to the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2009) Results: It was observed that the participants considered that the group discussion allows interaction among the group and favors the construction of common knowledge Conclusions: It was concluded that group discussion is a favorable methodology to be used during health education in nursing appointments, because it allows the sharing of doubts and experiences among the participants

Seismic Behavior Assessment of a Brazilian Heritage Construction

Abstract: Preservation of historical constructions, and passing it on to future generations, is a major issue in modern societies. Earthquakes are one of the major causes of damages to heritage buildings across the world. The city of Sobral (Ceara State, Brazil) keeps in its historic center a large number of heritage buildings and, since 2008, an intense seismic activity has been observed. This study aims to contribute to the preservation of the Sobral heritage constructions against seismic loads through the assessment of the seismic behavior of one representative building: the Nossa Senhora das Dores Church, a 19th century historical construction. First, a 3D finite element (FE) model was built and tuned according to the results of dynamic tests performed under environmental loads. Next, the FE model was employed to assess the seismic behavior of the church by performing linear time-history analyses employing two real earthquakes. The results showed big displacements and high stresses in many parts of the church, allowing to identify the most critical and most susceptible to damage areas (based on the seismic scenarios considered). These results can be considered as a support for seismic retrofitting measures to be adopted on Sobral heritage constructions.

Fixed versus variable rest period effects on herbage accumulation and canopy structure of grazed 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of variable and fixed rest periods on the forage production, plant-part composition, and canopy structural characteristics of 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass ( Cynodon spp.) pastures under rotational stocking. The treatments were two grass cultivars (Jiggs and Tifton 85) and two rest periods (grazing starting whenever the canopy reached 25 cm or every 28 days, regardless of canopy height). A completely randomized experimental design, with a 2×2 factorial arrangement (two grass cultivars and two managements), was used with three replicates. The experiment was carried out during the summer growing season in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Pre- and post-grazing forage mass chacteristics were evaluated. 'Jiggs' and 'Tifton 85' canopies had similar light interception (96.8%) at pre-grazing, for fixed and variable rest periods; however, they showed different canopy structural characteristics. 'Jiggs' had greater stem proportion, greater canopy height during pre-grazing, and lower leaf area index. There were no differences between strategies and between grass cultivars for total yield, which averaged 16.8 Mg DM ha -1 . Fixed and variable rest periods can be used for 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass.

Caracterização dinâmica de uma edificação histórica do século XIX

Abstract: As construcoes historicas possuem elevado significado e importância para a sociedade. Como contribuicao a preservacao do patrimonio historico, o presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o comportamento dinâmico de uma edificacao historica, inserida no âmbito do patrimonio historico da cidade de Sobral, localizada na regiao norte do estado do Ceara, nomeadamente Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Dores, uma capela do inicio Seculo XIX, construida em alvenaria de tijolos macicos. Neste estudo foram realizados ensaios de vibracao ambiental com objetivo de obter as frequencias naturais da edificacao com foco a calibracao do modelo numerico e, a partir dele, com recurso ao software Ansys®, realizar a caracterizacao modal via Metodo dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). Os resultados obtidos permitiram analisar o comportamento dinâmico da estrutura, no que se refere a obtencao das frequencias naturais, modos de vibracao e deslocamentos direcionais.

Aspectos restritivos à integralidade nos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família: o olhar dos stakeholders

Abstract: Resumo Os Nucleos de Apoio a Saude da Familia (Nasf) visam ampliar e qualificar acoes junto a Estrategia de Saude da Familia (ESF), contribuindo para consolidar os principios do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS), a exemplo da integralidade, que ainda se depara com muitos desafios, um dos quais e a cultura organizacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos restritivos ao principio da integralidade. Trata-se de um estudo avaliativo, orientado pelo enfoque de quarta geracao, tendo como cenario um municipio do Nordeste do Brasil; envolveu gestores, profissionais do Nasf, profissionais da ESF e usuarios, totalizando 27 participantes. Para a construcao do material discursivo, utilizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas, operacionalizando o Circulo Hermeneutico-Dialetico. O material empirico deu origem a quatro categorias: fragilidade do vinculo com o territorio; desafios do trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar; falta de competencias para a atuacao no Nasf; e deficiencia de apoio logistico. Evidencia-se como fator restritivo de destaque a atuacao do Nasf concernente a integralidade a fragilidade do vinculo entre as equipes de saude e destas com a populacao, alem da falta de competencias dos profissionais, cuja importância se expressa nos resultados.

Preparação, caracterização físico-química e liberação controlada de micropartículas de galactomanana contendo alantoína

Abstract: Hilana B. M. Frotaa, Jane Eire S. A. Menezesa, Sônia Maria C. Siqueiraa, Nágila Maria P. Ricardob, Tamara G. Araújoc, Carlos Alberto G. Souzad, Paulo N. Bandeirae e Hélcio S. dos Santose,* Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, 60740-903 Fortaleza – CE, Brasil Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza – CE, Brasil Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-160 Fortaleza – CE, Brasil Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador – BA, Brasil Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, 62040-370 Sobral – CE, Brasil

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an inactivator of caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk. This was performed to develop a practical and efficient method of blocking the lactogenic transmission of the virus. In the in vitro experiment, colostrum and milk were treated with 0.25%; 0.50% and 1% SDS. Then, somatic cells of colostrum and milk were submitted to co-culture with caprine synovial membrane cells (CSM). In the in vivo test, goats were fed with colostrum and milk provided from CLV-positive goats treated with SDS in the same concentrations used in the in vitro experiment. Animals were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and Western blot (WB) assays. In the in vitro experiment, inhibitory activity against CLV without inactivation occurred in colostrum with all SDS concentrations. However, concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5% SDS presented only inhibitory activity against CLV in milk cells, and 1% concentration provided inactivation of the virus. In the in vivo tests, none of the three concentrations of SDS was effective in inactivating LVC in colostrum or goat milk, which was confirmed by seroconversion and presence of proviral DNA in animals afterwards.

Efeito da suplementação com sulfato de zinco ou propilenoglicol em ovinos em uma pastagem nativa da Caatinga no período chuvoso: desempenho, características da carcaça e da carne

Abstract: Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do zinco ou do propilenoglicol sobre o desempenho e nas caracteristicas da carcaca e da carne de ovinos sob pastejo em pastagem nativa da Caatinga. Utilizaram-se 24 ovinos, mesticos Santa Ines, machos, nao castrados, peso inicial de 19,3±2,52kg, com quatro meses de idade, oito repeticoes por tratamento, distribuidos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram: sem aditivo, controle (CT), adicao de sulfato de zinco (ZnSO4.7H2O) (Zn) para fornecimento de 300mg de Zn dia-1 via sal mineral, e propilenoglicol (PG), 2,5mL kgPC0,75-1 animal-1 dia-1 misturado no concentrado. Os animais foram suplementados com concentrado constituido de milho (54,0%), farelo de soja (45,1%) e calcario (0,911%) em 0,7% do PC medio de cada tratamento. O ensaio foi conduzido durante quatro meses (marco a junho/2014). Avaliaram-se o desempenho e, apos o abate dos animais, as caracteristicas de carcaca e os componentes nao carcaca, os parâmetros fisico-quimicos e organolepticos na carne. O Zn e o propilenoglicol nao afetaram o desempenho e os parâmetros da carcaca em termos absoluto e relativo, bem como os pesos dos cortes e seus rendimentos (P>0,05). Nao houve efeito dos aditivos nas caracteristicas organolepticas e nos aspectos fisico-quimicos da carne (P>0,05), exceto cinzas (P 0.05). The additives did not affect the organoleptic characteristics and physical-chemical aspects of the meat (P>0.05), except, ash (P<0.05). The zinc sulfate and propylene glycol did not improve on performance and in carcass characteristics in lambs finished on a native Caatinga (Brazilian savannah) pasture. The low supply energetic due to poor quality of pasture between the months of April to June, which contributed to inefficiency in the utilization of proteics constituents, implying in lower intake, and decrease in performance.

Potencial fertilizante da serapilheira de espécies lenhosas da Caatinga na recuperação de um solo degradado.

Abstract: O uso da serapilheira de especies da Caatinga, na recuperacao de solos degradados, e uma alternativa interessante por contribuir para o retorno de nutrientes para o solo e favorecer a ciclagem de elementos e a melhoria da fertilidade. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, mensurar os efeitos da aplicacao de doses da fracao folhas, da serapilheira de oito especies da Caatinga, sobre a fertilidade de um solo degradado e a producao de sorgo...

Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos profissionais de enfermagem do atendimento pré-hospitalar

Abstract: Background Nursing professionals play an active role in Mobile Urgent Care Services (Servico de Atendimento Movel de Urgencia-SAMU). Together with other staff members they are responsible for providing high-quality care to patients. However, they are exposed to extreme pressure and emotional overload, which might impair their biopsychological balance and quality of life. Objective To investigate the quality of life of prehospital care nursing professionals. Method Cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative approach conducted from April through June 2017 at a SAMU in the northwestern area of the state of Ceara, Brazil. The target population was SAMU nursing professionals, namely, 8 nurses and 11 nursing technicians. Data collection was performed by means of an instrument which contained two quality of life assessment scales, the Flanagan scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref). Results The domains with the poorest scores on the Flanagan scale were physical and material well-being and social activities. On WHOQOL-bref, the domains with the lowest mean scores were physical health, environment and self-assessed quality of life. Conclusion The SAMU nursing professionals were predominantly female and married, their average age was 37 years old, had attended undergraduate education at least, and worked 71.88 (±17.50) hours per week. The results point to the need to implement actions to improve the quality of life of this population of workers.

Análise estrutural das representações sociais sobre a aids entre pessoas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana

Abstract: Objetivo: identificar la estructura de las representaciones sociales sobre el SIDA entre personas con Virus de la imunodeficiencia humana. Metodo: investigacion descriptiva, fundamentada en la Teoria del Nucleo Central de las representaciones sociales. Se aplico un test de asociacion libre de palabras entre 231 adultos en terapia antiretroviral. Las evocaciones fueron procesadas en el software Ensemble de programmes permettantl'analyse des evocations - EVOC2000® que genero un cuadro correspondiente a la probable estructura de la representacion. Resultados: el nucleo central fue integrado por los elementos enfermedad, tristeza, miedo, muerte y transmision. El sistema periferico se constituyo en mayor frecuencia por prejuicio, remedio y tratamiento, en la primera periferia: dificil, preservativo y cura, en la segunda periferia: malo, prevencion y normal, en la zona de contraste. Conclusion: las percepciones centrales revelaron elementos compartido desde el surgimiento de la infeccion. El sistema periferico apunto la necesidad de esfuerzo continuo para el enfrentamiento de la sociedad y sentimientos negativos, hasta que alcancen la cura

New formula proposal for the determination of variable speed pumps efficiency

Abstract: The use of pumps which work with variable rotation speed consists of an appropriate tactics for reduction of energy costs in the pump systems. In case of change in speed, the pump starts to work in a new flow pattern, head and efficiency values. Two empirical formulas can be found in the literature in order to estimate the final efficiency of a pump in this situation. This article aims at assessing the accuracy of these formulas and, next, to present a new proposal for the efficiency estimate in the new operating conditions. 50 pumps have been chosen and, for each of them, the above-mentioned formulas have been assessed in three procedures of speed reduction. The analysis of these equations’ accuracy has been accomplished by means of the comparison between the efficiencies estimated by them with the efficiencies calculated with the aid of the affinity laws. The results indicated that, in 95 of the 150 analysis procedures accomplished, the formula proposed presented estimates which have shown to be more precise than the other two formulas. It has also been possible to verify that the average of error detected through the procedure of the new formula (1.60%) has been lower than the average of the other two (1.93% and 2.22%). In light of this fact, the use of the equation here presented is considered advantageous since, from their more accurate efficiency estimates, the calculations for power and energy are also more precise.

Spectroscopic Characterization of Eoholocene Bones Found in a Cave in Northeast Brazil

Abstract: The preservation of fossils depends on several interactions of organic and inorganic chemical processes. The hard parts, which are more suitable for fossilization, might record valuable information of biogenic processes, while the taphonomic characteristics supply information on postmortem chemical transformation. Here, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy analyses were carried out in Early Eoholocene fragments of bones collected from the subsurface at Gruta do Urso Fossil, Ubajara National Park, northeast of Ceara State in Brazil. It is suggested a lower degree of decomposition, a preservation of the original mineral composition, along with some incidence of encrustation, and the occurrence of different animal species are analyzed. These preliminary data serve as a basis for future studies involving fossil biota from the deposits of Gruta do Urso Fossil using spectroscopic techniques.

Do carcasses of lambs finished on commercial production systems meet market standards

Abstract: This study aimed to characterize a commercial lamb finishing system using animals of undefined breed from production to slaughter by analyzing performance, carcass traits, yield of commercial cuts, and the quality and meat acceptance of different slaughter groups, as to evaluate whether this system provides the market with a standardized product. The lots were not homogeneous for yield of commercial cuts and performance and morphometric traits evaluated in vivo. The groups were heterogeneous to 75% of the 13 carcass traits evaluated, among them, hot and cold carcass weights, hot and cold carcass yields, carcass grade finishing and biological yield. There was also no uniformity for the proportion of non-carcass components, morphometry of carcass, visual appraisals, and loin traits. On the other hand, homogeneity was achieved in physico-chemical and sensory traits, except for hardness and proportion of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. We conclude that the commercial finishing system with the use of undefined crossbred lambs does not produce carcass and cuts standardized to the market.

Flora do Ceará: Turneraceae

Abstract: Resumo E apresentado o levantamento floristico da familia Turneraceae no estado do Ceara, Brasil. Foram reconhecidos dois generos e 22 especies: Piriqueta com sete especies e Turnera com 15, das quais Turnera reginae e uma nova ocorrencia. De modo geral, as especies apresentam ampla distribuicao, sendo frequentemente encontradas na vegetacao da caatinga, carrasco, cerrado, floresta ombrofila e tabuleiros litorâneos, associando-se principalmente a areas abertas e antropizadas. Sao apresentadas fotografias, chaves, descricoes, comentarios gerais e mapas de distribuicao das especies no Ceara.

Parasitos gastrintestinais em caprinos no município de Quixadá, Ceará

Abstract: Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrencia dos principais parasitos gastrintestinais que acometem caprinos adultos e jovens do municipio de Quixada-Ceara durante a epoca seca e chuvosa, alem de identificar e quantificar as especies de Eimeria presentes no rebanho. Foram utilizados 654 animais, sendo 334 animais no periodo seco, dos quais eram 149 matrizes e 185 crias e 320 animais no periodo chuvoso, sendo 106 matrizes e 214 crias, independente de padrao racial e sistema de criacao. As coletas foram realizadas nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2012 e maio de 2013 no municipio de Quixada-Ceara e encaminhadas ao Laboratorio de Parasitologia da Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos na cidade de Sobral-Ceara. Foram coletadas fezes para contagem do numero de ovos por gramas de fezes (OPG), contagem de Oocistos por gramas de fezes (OOPG), coprocultura e identificacao das especies de Eimeria com base na morfometria. As matrizes apresentaram maiores medias de ovos do tipo Strongyloidea (372,03) e Strongyloides (8,45) no periodo seco e no periodo chuvoso apresentaram maiores medias apenas para Strongyloidea (502,85). O inverso aconteceu com o OOPG, onde as crias apresentaram maiores medias no periodo seco (9387,41) e no chuvoso (9630,37). O genero de nematodeo mais frequente na coprocultura foi o Trichostrongylus sp. (63,67%) no periodo seco e o Haemonchus sp. no chuvoso (66,67%). Em 100% dos rebanhos, foram encontrados oocistos de Eimeria, com 81% dos animais infectados. A ocorrencia da eimeriose nas categorias jovens e adultas foi de 64,3% e 83,2% no periodo seco e de 87,4% e 92,4% no periodo chuvoso. As especies identificadas foram: Eimeria alijevi, E. apsheronica, E. arloingi, E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. hirci, E. jolchijevi e E. ninakohlyakimovae. Nas crias a E. alijevi foi a mais frequente no periodo seco e a E. ninakohlyakimovae no chuvoso. Ja nas matrizes a especie E. alijevi apresentou a maior frequencia em ambos os periodos. Nos rebanhos estudados foi evidenciado a presenca de ovos de nematodeos gastrointestinais e oocistos de Eimeria spp. independente da categoria animal. [Gastrointestinal parasites in goats from Quixada, Ceara.] The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of main gastrointestinal parasites and to quantify and identify the species of Eimeria present in young goats and adults in the city of Quixada, Ceara, during the dry and rainy season. Six hundred fifty-four animals were used, with 334 animals during the dry season, which were 149 mothers and 185 offspring and 320 animals during the rainy season, with 106 mothers and 214 offspring, independent of breed standard and creation system. Samples were collected in the months of November and December 2012 and May 2013 in the city of Quixada, Ceara and sent to the Parasitology Laboratory of Embrapa Goats and Sheep at Sobral, Ceara, feces were collected for counting the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), counting oocysts per gram of feces (OOPG), coproculture and identification of Eimeria species based on the morphometry. Matrices showed higher means egg type Strongyloidea (372.03) and Strongyloides (8.45) in the dry season and the rainy season had higher mean only to Strongyloidea (502.85). The inverse happened to OOPG, where the offspring showed higher means in the dry season (9387.41) and rainy (9630.37). The genus most frequent of nematode in coprocultures was Trichostrongylus. (63.67%) in the dry season and Haemonchus sp. the rainy (66.67%). One hundred percent of the herds, oocysts of Eimeria were found, with 81% of infected animals. The occurrence of eimeriosis in young and adult categories was 64.3% and 83.2% in the dry season and 87.4% and 92.4% during the rainy season. The species identified were: Eimeria alijevi, E. apsheronica, E. arloingi, E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. hirci, E. and E. jolchijevi ninakohlyakimovae. In the offspring E. alijevi was the most frequent in the dry season and the rainy E. ninakohlyakimovae. Already in matrices the species E. Alijevi showed the highest frequency in both periods. In herds studied it evidenced the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp. independent of animal category.

Do aldeamento do Riacho do Mato à Colônia Socorro: defesa de terras e aprendizado político dos indígenas de Pernambuco (1860-1880)

Abstract: RESUMO O objetivo do presente artigo e analisar o processo de formacao do aldeamento do Riacho do Mato, na decada de 1860, a partir das reivindicacoes de populacoes indigenas que habitavam a regiao e que tiveram intensa participacao nas revoltas ocorridas no inicio do seculo XIX em Pernambuco. A constituicao desse aldeamento e compreendida como um importante ganho dos indigenas en­volvidos nos conflitos armados iniciados pelas elites. Mesmo com a extincao da aldeia do Riacho do Mato e a criacao da Colonia Socorro em seu lugar, os indigenas continuaram lutando pelo acesso as terras. Manejando as legislacoes e disposicoes dos governos central e provincial visando as suas proprias necessidades, os indigenas construiram o seu protagonismo na vida politica regional e imperial.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Goats of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Abstract: Background: Chlamydophilosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila abortus, responsible for reproductive damage in small ruminants, and economic losses to animal production. In addition, it is classified as a zoonosis once it presents symptoms similar to numerous bacterial and viral infections of the reproductive system, making clinical diagnosis difficult. The objective of this work was to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in goats and to identify the risk factors for the disease in two mesoregions of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Material, Methods & Results: This research was carried out in two mesoregions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (Central Potiguar - CP and West Potiguar - WP) located in the Northeast of Brazil. These mesoregions together represent 83% of the regional herd. A total of 54 properties were studied. Those are distributed in seven municipalities: Afonso Bezerra, Angicos, Lages and Pedro Avelino, in the CP mesoregion; and Apodi, Caraubas, and Mossoro, in the OP mesoregion. We used 540 animals from herds characterized as non-defined breed (NDB) and native breed, regardless of their productive functions, being frequent the consortium of caprine and ovine species. Blood samples were collected through jugular venipuncture by vacuum system with 5 mL tubes without anticoagulant. After collection, the tubes were centrifuged at 1500 g for 15 min. Detection of anti-Chlamydophila sp. antibodies was performed by the Complement Fixation Test. In parallel with the collection, a questionnaire was applied addressing general property and producer characteristics. Seroprevalence of chlamydophilosis in the CP mesoregion was 3.04% (7/230) for the animals and 26.1% (6/23) for the properties, whereas, in the WP mesoregion, the values were 4.2% (13/310) and 35.5% (11/31), respectively. In the final logistic regression model, no variable analyzed was considered to be associated with a higher probability of C. abortus positive properties. There was no significant difference (P = 0.76) in the infection among the studied mesoregions. All the seven municipalities evaluated, had at least one positive property. No serology was found with titers greater than 1:32. The results of the suspects with titers of 1:16 were 3.9% (9/230) in the CP and 3.5% (11/310) in the WP mesoregion. None of the 82 breeding animals tested were C. abortus reagent, but three were suspected. The highest prevalence for the infection was seen in the matrices with 5.6% (18/321), followed by young females with 2.9% (1/35), young males with 1.2% (1/82) and breeding animals with 0% (0/82). Discussion: The seroprevalence to Chlamydophila abortus found in the state of Rio Grande do Norte was lower than that found in most Brazilian states, and even in other countries. The presence of properties with positive animals displays a risk of dissemination of the disease in the region. In addition, the presence of suspect animals may indicate a much larger number of positive animals. The existence of false-negative animals in the herd can lead to difficulties in controlling and eradicating this disease. Although none of the breeding animals were reagent to C. abortus in the CF test, the possibility of venereal transmission should not be discarded. As some animals remained suspects, it may indicate an initial infection phase and seroconversion process, possibly characterizing future transmitters of the bacterium via semen. However, even though seroprevalence was numerically low, this disease should be a cause for concern due to its severity and spread capacity among herds, and especially because it is a zoonosis. We conclude that chlamydophilosis is present in goat breeding in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and female animals are more susceptible to Chlamydophila abortus infection.

Determinação das forças de vínculo em sistemas clássicos holônomos: análise crítica de três métodos

Abstract: Resumo Nesse trabalho, analisamos de maneira critica as peculiaridades e potencialidades de tres abordagens para o calculo das forcas de vinculo em sistemas classicos holonomos, a saber, o formalismo Newtoniano, o formalismo Lagraniano e um terceiro metodo misto desenvolvido pelo fisico brasileiro Nivaldo A Lemos [1] Analisando as solucoes de tres problemas classicos por cada um desses metodos, concluimos que o numero de dimensoes e a quantidade de vinculos do problema influem sobre a eficiencia dos metodos, o que proporcionou o estabelecimento de um criterio para a escolha do formalismo a ser utilizado