Showing papers by "University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy published in 2005"
TL;DR: Due to their high stiffness and strength to weight ratios, composite sandwich structures have proven their usefulness in a large number of applications in various technical fields, especially in the field of computer vision as discussed by the authors.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize Banach frames and X d -frames in separable Banach spaces, and relate them to series expansions in Banach space, and show that they do not share all the nice properties of frames in Hilbert spaces.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss ways in which uncertainty can be incorporated into the discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation model to determine the single point valuation figure, which is done by recognising that the input variables are uncertain and will have a probability distribution pertaining to each of them.
Abstract: Purpose – Valuation is the process of estimating price. The methods used to determine value attempt to model the thought processes of the market and thus estimate price by reference to observed historic data. This information is utilised in the discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation model to determine the single point valuation figure. However, the valuation will be affected by uncertainties: uncertainty in the comparable data available; uncertainty in the current and future market conditions and uncertainty in the specific inputs for the subject property. These input uncertainties will translate into an uncertainty with the output figure, the estimate of price. This paper discusses ways in which uncertainty can be incorporated into the DCF model.Design/methodology/approach – This paper looks at the way in which uncertainty can be incorporated into the explicit DCF model. This is done by recognising that the input variables are uncertain and will have a probability distribution pertaining to each of them. T...
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a real-scale experimental work regarding innovative seismic retrofitting technique for masonry walls and vaults by epoxy-bonded composite strengthenings are presented.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors unify various constructions and contribute to the theory of singular symmetric functionals on Marcinkiewicz function/operator spaces, and give a new approach to the non-normal Dixmier and Connes-Dixmiers traces.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the use of a generic forecasting software package, in this case Crystal Ball, allows the analyst to work with an existing development appraisal model set up in Excel (or other spreadsheet) and work with a predetermined set of probability distributions.
Abstract: Real estate development appraisal is a quantification of future expectations. The appraisal model relies upon the valuer/developer having an understanding of the future in terms of the future marketability of the completed development and the future cost of development. In some cases the developer has some degree of control over the possible variation in the variables, as with the cost of construction through the choice of specification. However, other variables, such as the sale price of the final product, are totally dependent upon the vagaries of the market at the completion date. To try to address the risk of a different outcome to the one expected (modelled) the developer will often carry out a sensitivity analysis on the development. However, traditional sensitivity analysis has generally only looked at the best and worst scenarios and has focused on the anticipated or expected outcomes. This does not take into account uncertainty and the range of outcomes that can happen. A fuller analysis should include examination of the uncertainties in each of the components of the appraisal and account for the appropriate distributions of the variables. Similarly, as many of the variables in the model are not independent, the variables need to be correlated. This requires a standardised approach and we suggest that the use of a generic forecasting software package, in this case Crystal Ball, allows the analyst to work with an existing development appraisal model set up in Excel (or other spreadsheet) and to work with a predetermined set of probability distributions. Without a full knowledge of risk, developers are unable to determine the anticipated level of return that should be sought to compensate for the risk. This model allows the user a better understanding of the possible outcomes for the development. Ultimately the final decision will be made relative to current expectations and current business constraints, but by assessing the upside and downside risks more appropriately, the decision maker should be better placed to make a more informed and better decision.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the strong invariance property of a differential inclusion in finite dimensions under the assumption of a locally one-sided Lipschitz condition was studied, and the authors showed that it is strong invariant under the locally 1-sided condition.
Abstract: This paper studies the strong invariance property of a differential inclusion in finite dimensions under the assumption of a locally one-sided Lipschitz condition.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure of white layer for annealed AISI1045 steel was examined by SEM, TEM and HRTEM, and it was found that nano structures with ferrite and cementite have been formed in white layer after impact of AisI10 45 steel.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of the emulsions depending on the applied pressure and on the contact angle of the particles has been investigated, and the capillary pressure in the emulsion films stabilized by solid particles is discussed as a factor of emulsion stability.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors established several analogues of the classical Lidskii Theorem for some special classes of singular traces (Dixmier traces) used in noncommutative geometry.
24 citations
TL;DR: Sixteen sampling sites along the stream of Kamchia River were considered as environmental objects and the relative contribution of each identified pollution source to the formation of the total concentration of each chemical species or physicochemical parameter was determined and compared to the real emitters in the region of interest.
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of stabilizing, H?-optimal, and robust controllers of the prescribed order in the output for linear continuous and discrete systems is shown to be a solution of linear matrix inequalities relative to two reciprocal matrices.
Abstract: It is shown how the synthesis of stabilizing, H?-optimal, and robust controllers of the prescribed order in the output for linear continuous and discrete systems reduces to a solution of linear matrix inequalities relative to two reciprocal matrices. To verify the solvability of such inequalities and to find their solutions, an algorithm realizable in the MATLAB package is proposed. An example of stabilization of an inverted pendulum with the aid of a controller of the reduced order in the output is given.
TL;DR: In this article, a study was made of the process of firing of reactive channel walls by a swirling flow of hot gases and it was shown that the swirl of the flow leads to a reduction in the time of establishment of thermal equilibrium and that of firing; these times are reduced in a stepwise manner with the appearance of a recirculation zone in the strong-swirling flow.
Abstract: A study is made of the process of firing of reactive channel walls by a swirling flow of hot gases It is shown that the swirl of the flow leads to a reduction in the time of establishment of thermal equilibrium and that of firing; these times are reduced in a stepwise manner with the appearance of a recirculation zone in the strong-swirling flow
TL;DR: "From Paper to Virtual Map" is an innovative technology for creating 3D (three-dimensional) maps that was developed from a novel application - a 3D cartographic symbol system.
Abstract: "From Paper to Virtual Map" is an innovative technology for creating 3D (three-dimensional) maps. The technology proposed as a very cheap and easy way to create 3D maps. A powefulr graphic station is not necessary for this aim. This is very important for countries such as Bulgaria where is not easy to get expensive computer equipment. This technology, proposed by the author was developed from a novel application - a 3D cartographic symbol system. The 3D city maps created consist of 3D geometry, topographic information and photo-realistic texturing and 3D symbols, which contain quantitative and qualitative information about the objects. Animated presentations are also available according to users' needs.
TL;DR: In this article, an averaging scheme for functional differential inclusions in Banach spaces with slow and fast time variables is studied. And the accuracy of the averaging technique is considered as well.
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a practical equivalent notional load method to design semi-rigid frames, which is based on the elastic analysis as the frame design in AISC LRFD 1999.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter presents a practical equivalent notional load method to design semi-rigid frames. The calculating procedure is based on the elastic analysis as the frame design in AISC LRFD 1999. The initial secant stiffness and effective stiffness of semi-rigid connection based on the three-parameter power model of beam-to-column connection moment rotation curve are used in the analysis of non-sway and sway frames respectively. An example of one-bay two-story unbraced semi-rigid frame by top- and seat-angle with web-angle connection is presented in the chapter. The comparison of semi-rigid and rigid frames indicates that the overall drift brings to notice the stability design of semi-rigid multi-storey frames.
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid model for real-time forecasting of strong motion acceleration on the bases of general, tectonic, seismic and site parameters is developed, where neuro-fuzzy model is combined with long-range dependence time series analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the surfactant solution flow through foams stabilized using sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), Triton X-100 with glycerol, electrolyte and gelatine additives with known minimum and maximum Plateau border radii.
TL;DR: In this article, the main characteristics of foam accumulation and the separation of surfactants (accumulation ratio, liquid carry away, efficiency of the surfactant extraction, degree of extraction and another) were derived.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted cycle loading tests under direct tension and compression on five rock types with a new testing frame that could carry out both of these tests on the same rock sample.
Abstract: Cycle loading tests under direct tension and compression were conducted for five rock types with a new testing frame that could carry out both of these tests on a same rock sample.The results showed that for three rock types of which the average Young’s moduli in tension,ETA,were much smaller than those in compression,ECA,(ECA/ETA ratio equals 2,2.5 and 6),the average deformation modulus of unloading in tension,ETAUN,was much greater than ETA,and the values of ETAUN were approximately equal to ECA.Therefore,for these rocks,the relationship between stress and strain was no longer elastic even though their deformation in compression was approximately elastic.Some researchers had developed a constitutive model named “double elasticity” and applied it in the rocks with ET ≠EC.The present test results showed that a rock with ET ≠ EC did not mean that the double elasticity model was applicable to this rock,because its deformation in tension might be plastic.For the rocks having plastic behaviour in tension as those presented in this paper,a more complicated constitutive model had to be developed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A new government cooperation work model composed of organization layer, task lay-er, process layer and resource layer is built, which explains nested hierarchical relations of the electronic government cooperation.
Abstract: According to the requirements and characteristics of electronic government cooperation rela-tion,the unit cooperating-space with autonomy and coordination is designedBased on this cooperat-ing-space unit,a new government cooperation work model composed of organization layer,task lay-er,process layer and resource layer is builtThis model explains nested hierarchical relations of the electronic government cooperationIt solves the problems existing in the past cooperation models which were short of supports for the electronic government cooperation relation,cooperation way and factor relation for cooperationThe model can improve the electronic government cooperation capability and efficiency in the electronic government environment
TL;DR: In this article, the fracture toughness of discontinuous long glass fiber reinforced injection-molded polypropylene has been characterized by using the microstructural efficiency concept in combination with a numerical prediction of the fiber orientation during injection molding.
Abstract: The fracture toughness of discontinuous long glass fiber reinforced injection-molded polypropylene has been characterized by using the microstructural efficiency concept in combination with a numerical prediction of the fiber orientation during injection molding. The latter was performed by using the SIGMASOFT commercial software. In a three-dimensional numerical scheme, input data such as fiber volume fractions, shear viscosity and mean fiber aspect ratio have been used in order to perform the mold filling analysis. The resulted local fiber orientation parameters for injection molded square plates of long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene allowed to calculate the local fracture toughness with microstructural efficiency concept. The latter were compared with the experimental toughness values obtained by the use of compact tension test specimens. The good correlation between the calculated fracture toughness data and the measured ones shows that a fiber orientation prediction by the SIGMASOFT finite element computer code can be used in combination with the microstructural efficiency concept for the determination of local fracture toughness values in injection molded long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics. The combined approach opens good opportunities for optimization of a thermoplastic workpiece in its design with respect to local fracture resistance. This will enable the material performance levels to be significantly extended, with consequent increases in engineering applicability.
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the concept of Market Value and its relationship to DRC in an attempt to identify the principal areas of concern in the UK and, through the use of Italian and UK case studies, show how the DRC approach can be adopted as an appropriate method or basis for calculating Market Value.
Abstract: In January 2005, the International Valuation Standards Committee (IVSC) published the International Valuation Guidance Note No. 8 entitled The Cost Approach for Financial Reporting - (DRC). This guidance note provides background to the use of Depreciated Replacement Cost (DRC) in connection with International Valuation Application 1 (IVA 1), Valuation for Financial Reporting and suggests that the valuer reports the result of a DRC valuation as Market Value subject to the test of adequate profitability or service potential. This suggestion has caused a lot of debate and consternation in the UK where the DRC approach has always been considered as a method of last resort and not a Market Valuation. However, in continental Europe the cost approach (DRC) is often the principal method of valuation and has always been considered to produce Market Value. In this paper, we discuss the concept of Market Value and its relationship to DRC in an attempt to identify the principal areas of concern in the UK and, through the use of Italian and UK case studies, show how the DRC approach can be adopted as an appropriate method or basis for calculating Market Value.
25 Nov 2005-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, electron microscopy investigations of the defect structure evolution and the phase transformation of ultra fine-grained (UFG) Cu and Cu Al O alloy were performed using the equal-channel angular (ECA) pressing method.
Abstract: The paper presents the results of electron microscopy investigations of the defect structure evolution and the phase transformation of ultra fine-grained (UFG) Cu and Cu Al O alloy. The UFG Cu was prepared using the equal-channel angular (ECA) pressing method. The Cu Al O alloy was synthesized by mechanical milling and subsequent high temperature pressing. The initial grain size of the materials was 200 nm. The grain and dislocation structures were investigated qualitatively and quantitavely. In the Cu alloy, deformation twinning was revealed to occur in coarse grains together with slip deformation. The evolution of grain and dislocation micro structure in the presence or absence of solid solution and of dispersion hardening is analyzed, and differences are assessed.
TL;DR: In this article, a least-square point collocation meshless formula is proposed to discretize the Burgers equation, which is a fundamental partial differential equation of second order to describe the integrated process of convection-diffusion in physics.
Abstract: Burgers equation is a fundamental partial differential equation of second order to describe the integrated process of convection-diffusion in physics. It occurs in various areas of applied mathematics and physics, such as modeling of turbulence, boundary layer behavior, shock wave formation, and mass transport. The convective and diffusive terms in Navier-Stokes equation are included in Burgers equation while the pressure term is neglected. A least-square point collocation meshless formula is proposed to discretize the Burgers equation. To verify the present meshless approach, the distributions of velocity for Burgers equation under different Reynolds numbers are investigated. Numerical results show that the proposed approach presents a good simulation of shock wave for Burgers equation with large Reynolds number.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of a solid projectile via an elastic buffer on an orthotropic elastic plate possessing a cylindrical anisotropy has been numerically simulated in terms of the Uflyand-Mindlin wave equations taking into account the rotary inertia and the transverse shear deformations.
Abstract: The impact of a solid projectile via an elastic buffer on an orthotropic elastic plate possessing a cylindrical anisotropy has been numerically simulated. The dynamical behavior of the plate is described in terms of the Uflyand-Mindlin wave equations taking into account the rotary inertia and the transverse shear deformations. The wave equations are solved using the ray method and the matching of asymptotic expansions obtained for short times inside and outside the contact zone. The influence of the anisotropy of the plate material on the dynamic contact force and the plate inflection at the impact site has been studied.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model for the behavior of reinforced concrete under high-velocity impact and explosion conditions within the framework of mechanics of continuous media is developed, and the effect of reinforcement on penetration and failure of reinforced-concrete slabs is studied by means of mathematical simulations.
Abstract: A mathematical model is developed, which describes the behavior of reinforced concrete under high-velocity impact and explosion conditions within the framework of mechanics of continuous media. The problem of a model projectile penetrating into a layered target consisting of two concrete slabs separated by a sand layer and blasting of an explosive charge encased in the embedded projectile is solved in the three-dimensional formulation by the finite-element method. The effect of reinforcement on penetration and failure of reinforced-concrete slabs is studied by means of mathematical simulations.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The result is proved that the wind environment of building clusters can be simulated with the business software PHOENICS, which is very useful to the optimization design of theWind environment ofBuilding clusters.
Abstract: The practical and easy method of computer numerical simulation is selected as an incisive approach to the research of wind environment,and the selection and establishment of the turbulence mathematical model suitable for wind environment and its boundary conditions are introduced in detailFirstly,the flow field around a single building is simulated by the CFD software PHOENICSSecondly,through converting the three dimensional CAD drawing into PHOENICS,the wind speed field around a real complex building cluster is simulated under the most unfavorable operation condition with the winter north wind,and this combines theory with practice commendablyThe result is proved that the wind environment of building clusters can be simulated with the business software PHOENICS,which is very useful to the optimization design of the wind environment of building clusters