Showing papers in "Water Science and Technology in 2005"

TL;DR: This study shows that vertical flow constructed wetlands treating raw wastewater in France perform well in terms of respecting the goals of both low level outlet COD and SS and nitrification.

TL;DR: It may be possible to achieve higher hydrogen yields by carrying out fermentations under microaerobic conditions where limited respiration could provide additional reducing power to drive the nearly complete conversion of sugar substrates to hydrogen.

TL;DR: It shows that flood risks may increase by a factor of almost 30 times and that traditional engineering measures alone are unlikely to be able to provide protection, and the modelling that was undertaken to try to quantify the changes in risk, together with the effectiveness of responses in managing that risk are described.

TL;DR: Maximum coulombic and energy conversion efficiencies were, for the continuous microbial fuel cell operating on plant extract at a loading rate of 1 kg COD m(-3) of anode compartment per day, 50.3% and 26.0% respectively.

TL;DR: The contribution of experts does not consist in providing total predictability nor in predefining issues and solutions, but in supporting a joint learning and negotiation process among different actors and in feeding this process with relevant information.

TL;DR: The generation of electricity during wastewater treatment may profoundly affect the approach to anaerobic treatment technologies used in wastewater treatment, and progress is being made that may result in as much as 0.5 MW from wastewater treatment.

TL;DR: This paper addresses the issue of vulnerability assessment through the use of an indicator approach, the climate vulnerability index (CVI), and shows how this can overcome some of the difficulties of incommensurability associated with the combination of different types of data, and how the approach can be applied at a variety of scales.

TL;DR: It is now possible to produce a very high quality of effluent from VF beds alone sized at 2 m2/pe when treating domestic sewage.

TL;DR: The pilot plant produced effluent of excellent quality, meeting the urban reuse quality regulations, and was very efficient in TSS turbidity and BOD removal, indicating that the greywater may contain slowly-biodegradable organics.

TL;DR: Anaerobic digestion is widely used for wastewater treatment, especially in the food industries, and after the anaerobic treatment there is an aerobic post-treatment in order to return the treated water to nature.

TL;DR: Two similar membrane bioreactors of 2 m3 each were operated in parallel over two years under the same operational conditions, fed with the same municipal wastewater, and exhibited different fouling rates and decreases in permeability.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the RNA of SARS-CoV could be detected from the concentrates of sewage of both hospitals receiving SARS patients before disinfection and occasionally after disinfection though there was no live SARS -CoV; thus much attention should be paid to the treatment of stools of patients and the sewage of hospitals receivingSARS patients.

TL;DR: Key factors which have been determined to result in successful operation of large-scale plants, and data from major RO wastewater treatment plants will be presented to show how the RO membranes operate under actual conditions, utilizing many of these design features.

TL;DR: The new simulation model, named SIPSON, based on the Preissmann finite difference method and the conjugate gradient method, is presented and is concluded that the presented approach is an improvement compared to the standard "virtual reservoir" approach commonly applied in most of the models.

TL;DR: The aim of the work is the improvement of pond technology through the formation of stable algae-bacteria aggregates, which permit a simple separation of the algal biomass by gravity sedimentation, enable a high removal efficiency for organic carbon and nutrients, and are independent in terms of oxygen provision through algal photosynthesis.

TL;DR: Generally, in both effluent types, significant correlations were found between easily analysable parameters, such as suspended, volatile and total solids, pH, electrical conductivity, density and redox potential, and most of the parameters studied.

TL;DR: In environments where the amount of electron acceptors is insufficient for complete breakdown of organic matter, methane is formed as the major reduced end product and acetate-reducing bacteria grow much faster on propionate and butyrate than syntrophic consortia.

TL;DR: Overall, the top mulch layer filtered most of TSS in the runoff and prevented the bioretention media from clogging during 12 repetitions, and Runoff quality was improved by theBioretention column.

TL;DR: A study on 18 full-scale centralized biogas plants was carried out in order to find significant operational factors influencing productivity and stability of the plants and ammonia was found to be a significant factor for stability.

TL;DR: Uncertainties in the conceptual models become of increasing importance when predictive simulations consider data types that are extrapolates from the data types used for calibration, as well as for data types not used in the model calibration.

TL;DR: Results suggest that greywater may be of similar quality to wastewater in several parameters such as BOD and faecal coliforms, and for some other variables such as boron and surfactants,greywater may even be of worse quality than wastewater.

TL;DR: The traditional separate and combined sewer systems are compared using a pollution load balance and the results show that the separate system is superior to the combined for some parameters only, such as nutrients, whereas for other parameters, e.g. heavy metals and COD, the combined system yields less total loads.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a typology of five groundwater demand systems as Groundwater Socio-ecologies (GwSE), each embodying a unique pattern of interactions between socioeconomic and ecological variables.

TL;DR: This study presents lessons that have been learned from the operation of pilotscale constructed wetlands (CWs) for septage treatment since 1997, and suggested operational criteria should be reassessed at the full-scale implementation.

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis is made of the different ways in which the scientific community responds to uncertainties that are hard to tame using the metaphor of monsters, and four styles of coping with monsters in the science-policy interface can be distinguished with different degrees of tolerance towards the abnormal: monster-exorcism, monster-adaptation,monster-embracement, and monster-assimilation.

TL;DR: The international developments in terms of bio-refineries and CO2-emission abatement are of crucial importance with respect to the impetus that AD will receive in the coming decade.

TL;DR: The methanogenic community structures of four different anaerobic processes were characterized using a quantitative real-time PCR with group-specific primer and probe sets targeting the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA).

TL;DR: The hygienic requirements for recycled greywater, which is primarily used for toilet flushing, are oriented towards the EU-Guidelines for Bathing Waters, and the first promising investigation results are now available.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the evaluation of calcium-rich materials potentially useful as P-binding media, including calcite products, natural sands and seashells, and concluded that the materials do bind phosphorus, but the binding capacities are still insufficient for the establishment of external P-removal filter; the volumes of the filters would be too large to be of practical use.

TL;DR: An evaluation of the process performance of a pilot-scale "fourth generation" downflow hanging sponge (DHS) post-treatment system combined with a UASB pretreatment unit treating municipal wastewater, which was able to remove 96% of unfiltered BOD with only 9 mg/L remaining in the final effluent.