Showing papers by "University of Calgary published in 1977"

Self-reference and the encoding of personal information.

Abstract: The degree to which the self is implicated in processing personal information was investigated. Subjects rated adjectives on four tasks designed to force varying kinds of encoding: structural, phonemic, semantic, and self-reference. In two experiments, incidental recall of the rated words indicated that adjectives rates under the self-reference task were recalled the best. These results indicate that self-reference is a rich and powerful encoding process. As an aspect of the human information-processing system, the self appears to function as a superordinate schema that is deeply involved in the processing, interpretation, and memory of personal information.

On the calculation of multiplet energies by the hartree-fock-slater method

Abstract: It is shown that a consistent application of the p 1/3 approximation of the Hartree-Fock-Slater method requires the use of one specific procedure, the sum method, for the calculation of the energy E 1 of singlet excited states of closed shell molecules. Further, E 1 is found to be in reasonable agreement with experiment for a number of molecules, contrary to the energy E 2 obtained according to another method discussed in the literature. The calculation of other multiplet splittings than singlet-triplet in the Hartree-Fock-Slater method is also considered.

A global thermospheric model based on mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSIS, 1. N2 density and temperature

Abstract: Measurements of neutral nitrogen density from mass spectrometers on five satellites (AE-B, Ogo 6, San Marco 3, Aeros A, and AE-C) and neutral temperatures inferred from incoherent scatter measurements at four ground stations are combined to produce a model of thermospheric neutral temperatures and nitrogen densities similar to the Ogo 6 empirical model (Hedin et al., 1974). This global model is designated MSIS (mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter). The global average temperature, the annual temperature variation, lower bound density, and lower bound temperature are discussed. The data set covers the time period from the end of 1965 to mid-1975 and also a wide range of solar activities. Diurnal and semidiurnal variations in lower bound density and temperature are considered, as is magnetic activity.

On the calculation of bonding energies by the Hartree Fock Slater method

Abstract: A transition state method has been proposed for the calculation of bonding energies and bond distances within the Hartree Fock Slater Method. Calculations on a number of diatomic molecules and a few transition metal complexes show better agreement with experiment than corresponding Hartree Fock results. The proposed transition state method gives a direct connection between bond orders and bonding energies.

Muscle Contraction and Migraine Headache: Psychophysiologic Comparison

Abstract: SYNOPSIS Muscle contraction headache and migraine patients were compared for symptoms of muscular and vascular activity, and responsiveness to frontalis electromyogram (EMG) biofeedback therapy. Locations of head pain were non-specific to the diagnostic groups. Migraine patients had higher frontalis EMG activity than muscle contraction headache patients and headache-free controls. Both headache groups had higher neck EMG activity than controls. Pulse velocities in the superficial temporal arteries were similar in the two headache patient groups but different from controls. It is suggested that muscle contraction headache and migraine patients have similar physiologic predisposition for headaches. Further support for similar predisposition in the two groups was provided by the frontalis EMG biofeedback results which showed this treatment to be equally effective for both groups.

High-temperature properties of silicate liquids: applications to the equilibration and ascent of basic magma

Abstract: High-temperature heat content measurements have been made on a series of silicate liquids, which in conjunction with published data, are used to derive partial molar heat capacities of SiO$\_{2}$, TiO$\_{2}$, Al$\_{2}$O$\_{3}$, Fe$\_{2}$O$\_{3}$, FeO, MgO, CaO, Na$\_{2}$O and K$\_{2}$O in the temperature range 1200-1650 K. Only Fe$\_{2}$O$\_{3}$ appears to be compositionally dependent, and the best evidence suggests that there is no excess heat capacity ($\overline{C}\_{p,i}$ = C$\_{p}^{\text{o}}$). In combination with calorimetric data and the effect of pressure on the fusion temperature of solid compounds, a consistent set of enthalpy, entropy and volume data have been derived for the liquid compounds CaMgSi$\_{2}$O$\_{6}$, NaAlSi$\_{3}$O$\_{8}$, KAlSi$\_{3}$O$\_{8}$, Fe$\_{2}$SiO$\_{4}$ and TiO$_{2}$. By using activities (relative to a liquid standard state) calculated at 1 bar for a range of lavas, the equilibration pressures and temperatures of lavas with a lherzolitic source material are calculated, and for basanites indicate 22-26 kbar and 1310-1360 degrees C. The regular solution formulation used in these calculations gives an estimated error of 40 degrees C and 5.7 kbar when compared to experimental equilibria. It is suggested that one of the thermal responses of ascending alkali basalt magma to engulfing cooler lherzolitic nodules could be the precipitation of megacrysts, and the calculated equilibration pressures and temperatures of the megacryst assemblagc (16-20 kbar, 1220-1240 degrees C) is in accord with this. The importance of viewing volcanic eruptions as the last stage in a sequence of chemical and thermomechanical instabilities is pointed out. Equations expressing the conservation of energy, mass and momentum on a macroscopic scale are given. The high Rayleigh numbers appropriate for even the relatively small magma volumes of erupted alkali basalts indicate turbulent flow-regimes with characteristic thermal convection velocities of the same order as nodule settling velocities. There is a significant partial melting effect in the mantle surrounding an ascending diapir if buoyancy is a significant force acting to drive the magma upwards. The effect of latent heat and convective heat losses on the thermal budget of a rising diapir has been calculated and shows the assumption of adiabaticity is often unwarranted - even for rapidly ascending magma. Finally, mass transfer rates due to convective diffusion have been calculated for all the major components in a basic silicate liquid. Integral mass exchange depends inversely on the ascent rate and is quite small for the rapidly ascending alkalic basalts.

The use of urine marking in the scavenging behavior of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Abstract: The eleven different functions for which mammals use urine marking are reviewed in this paper, and the urine marking behavior of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is described in detail. A new hypothesis is advanced that urine marking may serve as a "book keeping system" in the red fox's scavenging behavior. Foxes consistently investigate and urine mark inedible food remnants (e.g., bones, bird wings, and dried out pieces of hide). When a fox re-investigates a marked remnant, the urine mark signals "no food present," and the fox investigates this object for only a brief period of time. This use of urine marking may increase the efficiency of its scavenging behavior, i.e. more food-items found per hour of scavenging. This efficiency may be particularly important during periods of food shortage. The hypothesis is tested in three different experiments, using free-ranging red foxes as subjects. Experiment I establishes that fox do urine mark food remnants. Experiment II shows that foxes investigate for a significantly shorter period of time (P<0.001) food remnants exhibiting both the odor of food and the odor of urine as compared to remnants exhibiting just the odor of food. Experiment III suggests that there a hierarchy of stimuli which determines different responses in the fox's scavenging behavior. The experiments also suggest that there is a degree of social behavior in the scavenging activities of red foxes. Foxes appear to use each other's urine marks to increase the efficiency of their scavenging behavior. Thus this study definitely support LEYHAUSEN'S (1965) statement that the social life of solitary animals is frequently more complex than we realize. Solitary species probably show many ingeniously adapted mechanisms for occupying niches where highly social species could not be maintained. The social evolution and ecological advantages of solitary species deserve to be the focus of future research.

Reversal of axonal transport at a nerve crush.

Abstract: — —We have compared retrograde axonal transport of 3H-labeled protein in normal rat motor and sensory axons, and axons which were injured by a distal ligation of the sciatic nerve After injection of L-[3H]leucine into the vicinity of the neuron cell bodies, labeled protein was transported into the axons A premature return of protein towards the cell bodies occurred in the injured axons, which we interpret as a reversal of axonal transport occurring at the site of injury We estimate that reversal of transport occurred within 19–24 h of the arrival of labeled protein at the injury, and that the minimum velocity of the subsequent retrograde transport was 112–133 mm day−1 The ability of the injured axons to reverse transport developed about 08 h after making the injury A large fraction of the orthograde transported protein was returned towards the cell body: it is estimated that by 28 h after labeled protein in sensory axons reached the injury, 46% of the3H-labeled protein originally transported to the injury site had been returned In intact sensory nerves at this time only 15% of the transported protein had returned It is suggested that axonal injury produces a sudden increase in the return of newly synthesized protein to the cell body, and that this might serve as a signal for chromatolysis

Pretransitional effects near the convective instability in binary mixtures

Abstract: The pretransitional fluctuations of the Rayleigh-Benard or convective instability are obtained for a binary mixture and compared to the one component case. There are now enhanced concentration fluctuations and although the velocity fluctuations are critically enhanced, they are weaker by a factor of D/χ. The behaviour of the critical (soft) mode is compared to the fluctuations in the order parameter obtained for a classical analysis of a phase transition. The region around the instability where the classical treatment of the order parameter fluctuations is invalid is increased in the binary case by a factor of (χ/D)1/2 over that of the pure fluid Rayleigh-Benard instability.

Optimal Parameters for a Coordinated Rail and Bus Transit System

Abstract: Trips between a metropolitan region and its central business district CBD during peak periods are served by a coordinated rail and bus transit system. Each locality is served only by a direct bus to the CBD or by a feeder bus to a railway station from which train service to the CBD is provided. Optimal transit service characteristics that minimize the sum of the transit operating costs and passenger time costs are determined. To formula'e a mathematical model of the system it is assumed that a radiocentric regional highway network centered at the CBD exists. Railway lines are assumed to be radial. The demand for public transit is assumed to be deterministic and to vary slowly with location. The optimization is accomplished mainly by the use of basic calculus in conjunction with continuum approximations of certain discrete parameters. Approximate, but simple and explicit, formulations for the optimal railway inlerstation spadngs, feeder-bus zone boundary and train headways are determined. The relationship of the interstation spacing at a given location to two local demand parameters, a cumulative demand parameter and to various travel-time and cost parameters is shown clearly. A numerical example is also presented.

Sulphur isotope abundance elucidate uptake of atmospheric sulphur emissions by vegetation

Abstract: THE sour gas wells of Alberta form the basis of its sulphur industry. The well known Claus process is used, whereby part of the H2S is oxidised to SO2 which is in turn reacted with more H2S to yield elemental sulphur. As a consequence, more than 1,200 t of sulphur per day are discharged into the atmosphere in Alberta, mostly as SO2. Using sulphur isotope abundances, I have assessed the uptake of these emissions by vegetation.

Periodic respiratory and circulatory performance in the red rock crab Cancer productus

Abstract: Periods of simultaneous arrest in both cardiac and scaphognathite (ventilatory) pumps of up to 20 minutes duration occur spontaneously and repetitively in resting restrained Cancer productus. Measurement of cardiac and scaphognathite beat frequencies, ventilation volume, oxygen uptake and circulating blood oxygen tensions indicate that oxygen exchange is more effective in this species than has previously been reported for other brachyuran decapods and compensation for long pauses involves only short periods of moderate hyperventilation and enhanced oxygen uptake. The initiation, importance and control of pausing behaviour is discussed. During periods of repetitive pausing a stereotyped pattern of heart and scaphognathite responses occurs. The pattern is easily modified by such factors as activity and oxygen availability. This study suggests that higher neural control centers coordinate the beating of heart and scaphognathites thus allowing regulation of gas transport and exchange.

The Amino‐Acid Sequence of Trout‐Testis Histone H1

Abstract: The complete amino-acid sequence of 194 residues of trout testis histone H1 has been elucidated by automated Edman degradation of large peptides derived from specific cleavages at infrequent amino-acid residues. Trout testis histone H1 has a molecular weight of 19314, is only slighly microheterogeneous, and possesses pentapeptide sequences related to Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys repeated six times in the complete sequence. Although the N-terminus of histone H1 is known to be blocked, some 10% of intact trout testis H1 contains a free N-terminal alanine residue. Three seryl residues in the C-terminal half (97-194) of the molecule occur in the sequence Lys-Ser-Pro-Lys known to be phosphorylated in trout testis H1. The sequence has been compared to the known partial sequence of rabbit thymus H1. The results are consistent with a role for histone H1 in the maintenance of the higher-order structure of chromatin.

The purification, characterization and partial sequence determination of a trout testis non-histone protein, HMG-T.

Abstract: A specific non-histone chromatin-associated protein, having a high content of both acidic and basic amino acids has been isolated from the chromatin of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneril) testis cells. The protein has been prepared by the extraction of chromatin with 0.35 M sodium chloride and purified by chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose with a gradient of lithium chloride at pH 9.0. The amino acid sequence of the first 29 residues of the amino-terminal region has been determined using an automatic protein sequencer. The primary structure of this protein differs from that of any of the histones yet sequenced and, therefore, cannot be a degradation product of any of them. Moreover, the N-terminal amino acid sequence shows considerable similarity to the HMG-1 and HMG-2 chromosomal proteins described by Goodwin et al. [Eur. J. Biochem. 38. 14–19 (1973)] whose N-terminal sequences were also determined in this laboratory.

Patterns of heart and scaphognathite activity in the crab Cancer magister

Abstract: The respiratory system of the crab Cancer magister has been investigated with long-term measurements of the activity in the heart and scaphognathites of unrestrained animals settled on a natural, sandy substrate. Although crabs generally remained motionless in the experimental apparatus, except while in the dark, they initially exhibited a high degree of respiratory activity; the rates of forward pumping by the scaphognathites exceeded 90/minute, reversal incidence was less than five reversals/10 minute and heart rate was constant. Subsequently both the heart rate and the forward pumping rates of the scaphognathites declined, incidence of reversals increased and spontaneous pauses by the heart and scaphognathites began to occur. Eventually one scaphognathite ceased pumping for prolonged periods. Possible roles for reversals, pauses and unilateral pumping are discussed.

Adenosine diphosphoribosylation of certain basic chromosomal proteins in isolated trout testis nuclei.

Abstract: Isolated trout testis nuclei rapidly incorporate [alpha-32P]NAD+ into chromosomal proteins. Three proteins, very-lysine-rich histone (H1), a specific trout chromosomal protein (H6) and the sperm-specific protamines, incorporate the label as adenosine diphosphoribosyl (ADP-Rib) residues. No significant labeling of the nucleosomal 'core' histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 was observed. The linkage of the [32P](ADP-Rib) residues to each protein was very labile at pH values greater than 7.0 but by working at acidic pH and low temperatures the ADP-Rib label could be shown to be covalently bound to protein by gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography. The [32P]ADP-Rib chains could be removed by digestion with snake venom phosphodiesterase with the formation of AMP and phosphoribosyl-AMP.

A highly specific antiserum for arginine vasopressin.

Abstract: A high sensitivity (titer 60-150,000) radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been developed using synthetic AVP as antigen and standard. The specificity of the antiserum has been characterized in detail by measuring the relative binding affinities of 29 analogs and fragments of AVP. In general, single amino acid substitution or deletion in the AVP molecule caused a reduction in binding to the antiserum; binding was further impaired for analogs which had multiple substitutions. “Ring” and “tail” fragments of the neurohypophysial hormones did not bind to the antiserum, and the only analog which the antiserum could not differentiate from AVP was deamino-AVP. More specifically, the antiserum exhibited the following properties: position 1, no requirement for a position charge at ½ Cys; positions 2 and 3, requirements for π-π interacting pair of aromatic side chains and for Tyr at position 2; position 4, requirement for Gin (>Thr > Val); position 8, requirement for a basic side chain of optimal len...