Showing papers by "University of California published in 1970"
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01 Jul 1970TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of "controllability" is developed and injected into public economics and growth models to analyze optimal public expenditures in the context of modern growth theory, and a model of optimal growth with public capital is proposed.
Abstract: This book, co-authored by the Nobel-prized economist, Kenneth Arrow, considers public expenditures in the context of modern growth theory. It analyzes optimal growth with public capital. A theory of 'controllability' is developed and injected into public economics and growth models.
Originally published in 1970
1,006 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, an n-dimensional manifold which is minimally immersed in a unit sphere of dimension n+p is considered. But the manifold is not a sphere, it is a manifold.
Abstract: Let \(\text M\)be an n-dimensional manifold which is minimally immersed in a unit sphere \(S^{n+p}\)of dimension \(n+p.\)
534 citations
297 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: Grimshaw (1901, 1902) and Perkins (1910) first focused the attention of dipterists on the aberrant characteristics and abundance of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae.
Abstract: Grimshaw (1901, 1902) and Perkins (1910) first focused the attention of dipterists on the aberrant characteristics and abundance of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae. They described 47 species; additionally, Perkins’ extensive descriptions (1913) of the biotic habitat in which the insects live alerted biologists to the unique but unknown ecology of the flies.
212 citations
154 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the development and use of law-like statements by archaeologists to explain characteristics of the archaeological record has been and should continue to be one of the most important goals of archaeological research.
Abstract: We argue that the development and use of law-like statements by archaeologists to explain characteristics of the archaeological record has been and should continue to be one of the most important goals of archaeological research. Using a model for explanation developed by the philosophers of science, Carl Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, we indicate the role of such statements in archaeological classification. However, in archaeology such statements are found to be implicit, untested, and extremely general in referent. We further argue that the testing of potential laws requires a shift from an inductive procedure, or from one in which undirected data collection forms the first and the "abstraction" of laws from data forms the last research step, to a deductive procedure in which the explicit formulation of potential laws and their empirical consequences precedes and directs the collection of data.
149 citations
TL;DR: This article found that three Ss distinctly liked and five Ss strongly disliked increasing concentrations of sodium chloride, while a second group of 29 Ss demonstrated three hedonic distributions: increased liking, increased dislike, or a distinct reduction.
Abstract: Initial experiments on hedonic responses to the taste of sodium-chloride solutions showed that three Ss distinctly liked and five Ss distinctly disliked increasing concentrations. A paired-preference presentation of the same concentrations of sodium chloride resulted in almost identical conclusions for the same Ss, but not with solutions of monosodium glutamate. A second group of 29 Ss demonstrated three hedonic distributions to increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and of sucrose-increased dislike, increased liking, or an increase followed by a distinct reduction.
142 citations
01 Jan 1970
132 citations
TL;DR: In this article, isometric immersions of a Riemannian manifold were considered in terms of a compact, connected, orientable, n-dimensional Riemanian manifold with constant sectional curvature.
Abstract: We shall consider isometric immersions \(x:{\text M}^{n}\rightarrow\,\,{\text X}^{n+1}\) of a compact, connected, orientable, n-dimensional \((n\geq 2),{\text C}^\infty\) Riemannian manifold \({\text M}^{n}\) in a simply connected Riemannian manifold \({\text X}^{n+1}\) of constant sectional curvature.
127 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the superspace of a fixed closed 3D manifold M is defined as the orbit space of the group of diffeomorphisms, Diff (M), acting by coordinate-transformation on the space of Riemannian metrics, Riem (M).
Abstract: In this work a theory of superspace is introduced. The superspace, or space of all geometries, of a fixed closed (compact without boundary) 3-dimensional manifold M is defined as the orbit space \(S(M) = \frac{{Riem (M)}}{{Diff (M)}}\) of the group of diffeomorphisms, Diff (M), acting by “coordinate-transformation” on the space of Riemannian metrics, Riem (M). A geometry is then a point in S(M), i.e. an equivalence class of isometric Riemannian metrics. Superspace, as the space of physically distinguishable states, is the proper configuration space for a dynamical theory of relativity. It is the space in which the momentary geometries of space itself evolve. Our first result states that this space is in fact a metric space.
118 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The authors discuss the doctrine of that article since some readers may disagree as to its main point, and discuss the main point of the article since it may still be fruitful to discuss it.
Abstract: Russell expounded his theory of descriptions in a number of places, but perhaps the best known source is his 1905 article, “On Denoting” [1]. I think it may still be fruitful to discuss the doctrine of that article since some readers may disagree as to its main point.
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of the Raman scattering of light by the optical vibration modes of polyatomic metals is presented, which describes the modulation of the electronic susceptibility tensor χ μν (ω) by long wavelength optical phonons.
TL;DR: The R.R.S. "Discovery" as discussed by the authors provided the opportunity for short-term estimation of the penetration of daylight at midday into three regions of the eastern North Atlantic, evaluation of the fluctuations in the character of noonday light at depth in a restricted area over a 2-month period, and a determination of penetration of moonlight in this area at the full of the moon.
Abstract: SOND Cruise 1965 aboard the R.R.S. ‘Discovery’ afforded the opportunity for short-term estimation of the penetration of daylight at midday into three regions of the eastern North Atlantic, evaluation of the fluctuations in the character of noonday light at depth in a restricted area over a 2-month period, and a determination of the penetration of moonlight in this area at the full of the moon.
TL;DR: In 1957 through 1962, six deep holes were drilled by means of specially developed electrically powered hotpoints, 4 cm diameter aluminum pipes were placed in them, and annual inclinometer surveys were made to investigate the deformation field and flow law of the ice at depth.
Abstract: In 1957 through 1962 six deep holes were drilled by means of specially developed electrically powered hotpoints, 4 cm diameter aluminum pipes were placed in them, and annual inclinometer surveys were made to investigate the deformation field and flow law of the ice at depth. Although a strongly maritime climate with moderate temperatures implies that lower Blue Glacier should be temperate, freezing at depths as great as 200 m, sometimes even in summer, seriously hindered inclinometer surveys. This freezing cannot be due solely to chilling by winter cold and to leakage into initially dry pipes, but may also be due to wintertime changes of water Table in the glacier and to contamination of the ice by antifreeze. Another possibility, residual subfreezing zones carried down from the ice fall, seems unlikely. Because the relatively inextensible pipe slips lengthwise in the deforming hole, observations of pipe motion at best give only the two components of ice velocity perpendicular to the hole. Thus, a single hole gives two independent equations connecting the nine unknown derivatives of the velocity components; two holes give four equations: and three or more give at most six. Incompressibility of the ice, when applicable gives another. The remaining unknowns must be either neglected or estimated from assumptions about the flow field. At the Blue Glacier holes the longitudinal strain-rate is less than about 0.01 per year, becoming more extensional down-glacier and more compressional at depth, because the holes were moving through a reach in which the surface steepens and the bed becomes more steep-sided and flat-bottomed. Although the effective strain-rates are only about 0.01 to 0.1 per year, so that errors are relatively large, they are in reasonable agreement with flow laws deduced from laboratory experiments by Glen, from tunnel contraction by Nye, and from deformation of Athabasca Glacier bore holes by Paterson and Savage, except that in the range of strain-rates covered the viscosities found for Blue Glacier are about half those derived from the other studies.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In the theory of simple scattering systems, the authors consider the wave operators \({W^ \pm } = \mathop {s - \lim }\limits_{t \to \pm \infty } {e^{it{H_2}}}{e^{ - itH1}}\) and the scattering operator S=(W+)*W- where H 1 H 2 are selfadjoint operators in a Hilbert space describing the unperturbed and perturbed systems.
Abstract: In the theory of simple scattering systems we consider the wave operators \({W^ \pm } = \mathop {s - \lim }\limits_{t \to \pm \infty } {e^{it{H_2}}}{e^{ - itH1}}\) and the scattering operator S=(W+)*W- where H 1 H 2 are selfadjoint operators in a Hilbert space h describing the unperturbed and perturbed systems (see Jauch [12]). W ± are isometric and intertwine H 1 and H 2 (H 2 W ± ⊃ W ± H 1 ) whenever they exist. S is unitary if and only if the ranges of W ± are identical.
TL;DR: Eighty-five cases of penetrating injury to the carotid arteries are presented and it is suggested that patients be placed in two categories: those without and those with neurologic deficits.
Abstract: Summary o 1. Eighty-five cases of penetrating injury to the carotid arteries are presented. 2. Hemorrhage, airway obstruction, and cerebrovascular damage are the major complications of this type of injury. Early exploration is mandatory if mortality and morbidity rates are to be reduced. 3. It is suggested that patients be placed in two categories: those without and those with neurologic deficits. The latter group present an extremely challenging problem in management. 4. Ligation may be the procedure of choice in a number of patients who have impairment of neurologic function. 5. Brain scanning may be a useful adjunct in planning surgical treatment.
TL;DR: The word ‘pragmatics’ was used in Morris for that branch of philosophy of language which involves, besides linguistic expressions and the objects to which they refer, also the users of the expressions andThe possible contexts of use.
Abstract: The word ‘pragmatics’ was used in Morris [1] for that branch of philosophy of language which involves, besides linguistic expressions and the objects to which they refer, also the users of the expressions and the possible contexts of use. The other two branches, syntax and semantics, dealing respectively with expressions alone and expressions together with their reference, had already been extensively developed by the time at which Morris wrote, the former by a number of authors and the latter in Tarski [1].
TL;DR: It is concluded that several of the species ofPhyllanthus, especially P. liebmannianus, P. niruri, andP.
Abstract: Keys, descriptions, and distribution maps are presented for the 12 spontaneously growing U.S. species ofPhyllanthus (four of these are naturalized). These are discussed under the subgeneric taxa to which they belong—Subg.Isocladus sect.Paraphyllanthus: P. polygonoides, P. liebmannianus, P. ericoides; subg.Isocladus sect.Loxopodium: P. caroliniensis, P. pudens; subg.Kirganelia sect.Pentandra: P. tenellus; subg.Phyllanthus sect.Urinaria: P. urinaria; subg.Phyllanthus sect.Phyllanthus: P. niruri, P. fraternus, P. amarus, P. abnormis, andP. pentaphyllus. Only one new name,Phyllanthus liebmannianus ssp.platylepis, is proposed. The distribution patterns of the species are analyzed, and it is concluded that several of them, especiallyP. liebmannianus, P. niruri, andP. abnormis, show the effects of fragmentation of range presumably brought about during the Pleistocene glaciations.
TL;DR: Isosorbide dinitrate, compared to placebo, significantly reduced the number of anginal episodes requiring nitroglycerin in only one of 17 patients (6%), did not significantly improve exercise tolerance, and did not improve the resting or exercise electrocardiograms in any of the 17 patients.
Abstract: A double-blind crossover study comparing the effects of 5 mg of isosorbide dinitrate given sublingually four times daily for 4 weeks to those of a placebo also administered sublingually four times daily for 4 weeks was performed on 20 male patients with classical exertional angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. Isosorbide dinitrate, compared to placebo, significantly reduced the number of anginal episodes requiring nitroglycerin in only one of 17 patients (6%), did not significantly improve exercise tolerance in any of 17 patients, and did not improve the resting or exercise electrocardiograms in any of 17 patients. Isosorbide dinitrate produced headaches in 12 of 19 patients (63%), and two of these patients (11%) were unable to tolerate the drug. Isosorbide dinitrate administered sublingually is no more effective than placebo in treating angina pectoris.
TL;DR: The nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) system of the teleost fish Gillichthys mirabilis was studied with respect to the anatomical organization and distribution of the neurosecretory neurons and the nature of their secretory material.
Abstract: The nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) system of the teleost fish Gillichthys mirabilis was studied with respect to the anatomical organization and distribution of the neurosecretory neurons and the nature of their secretory material. NLT neurons occur in several different areas in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus, located immediately above the pituitary gland. Only the lateral and rostral NLT neurons show definite secretory activity. These neurons, generally of large size, contain numerous large granulated vesicles (LGV), 900–1,000 A in diameter; on the other hand, the medial and ventrolateral neurons, forming a single layer of cells, are of small size and do not appear to be secretory. LGV are positive after ethanol-phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) and zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) impregnations. Lateral and rostral neurosecretory neurons also show strong yellow-to-green specific fluorescence after the Falck-Hillarp technique, a strong indication that LGV are the site of catecholamine storage.
TL;DR: In this paper, an expression for the free energy of the s-d-exchange Hamiltonian for the caseS = 1/2 is derived using Tomonaga's model for the description of the free electrons.
Abstract: An expression for the free energy of thes-d-exchange Hamiltonian for the caseS=1/2 is derived using Tomonaga's model for the description of the free electrons. Thereby a formal equivalence can be established to the thermodynamics of a classical gas of charged particles distributed on a ring with alternating charges interacting via a log sin-potential. Although we are unable to calculate the free energy in a closed form, the result clearly indicates that as the exchange interaction changes sign the behavior of the free energy is changed significantly for low temperatures.
TL;DR: Factors such as temperature and soil organic matter which influence soil microbial activity have been shown to correlate with the rate of s-triazine loss from the soil and various nonbiological pathways may be more important than previously thought.
Abstract: Until recently, microbial decomposition was considered the main pathway for detoxication of the s-triazine herbicides in soils. Organisms have been isolated which can detoxify these herbicides (Kaufman et al. 1965). Factors such as temperature and soil organic matter which influence soil microbial activity have been shown to correlate with the rate of s-triazine loss from the soil (Burnside et al. 1961, Talbert and Fletchall 1964). More recent studies, however, indicate that microbial decomposition may play a less significant role in the detoxication process and various nonbiological pathways may be more important than previously thought.
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean velocity over monochromatic, 1·96 Hz, deep-water waves was measured by means of hotwire anemometers for a range of wind speeds (relative to wave speed) of 0·4 to 3·0.
Abstract: The mean-velocity field over monochromatic, 1·96 Hz, deep-water waves was measured by means of hot-wire anemometers for a range of wind speeds (relative to wave speed) of 0·4 to 3·0. The mean-velocity profile, over waves 0·64 cm in amplitude, was the same as that over a rough plate; that is, the mean velocity varied as the logarithm of the height above the mean-water level, except very close to the water, where the effect of the viscous sublayer became important. The wave-induced perturbation-velocity field and its associated Reynolds stresses were also measured and compared with numerical solutions of various linear equations governing shearing flow over a wavy boundary. The comparison showed that the measured velocity field was not well predicted by these theories.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: A discussion of some of the most important topics of my book, as they appear to me now, based upon my interpretations of research results and theoretical discussion which many evolutionists have published during the past twenty years.
Abstract: Professor Dobzhansky’s “Genetics and the Origin of Species” was a milestone of progress in our understanding of evolution for two reasons. On the one hand, it was the first book to synthesize into a coherent whole the basic facts about traditional and population genetics, chromosomal variation, and natural selection. It therefore represents the birth of the modern synthetic theory of evolution. In addition, it attracted the attention of many biologists trained in disciplines quite different from his own, who then extended the synthetic theory in a variety of different directions. The present author was stimulated to apply the theory to plants. Even more than by the book, I was inspired by many exciting discussions of evolutionary theory with Professor Dobzhansky himself. My own book (Stebbins, 1950) is now old enough to be almost obsolete, and various other commitments make a complete revision unlikely during the next few years. I should like, therefore, to dedicate to Professor Dobzhansky on his 70th birthday a discussion of some of the most important topics of my book, as they appear to me now, based upon my interpretations of research results and theoretical discussion which many evolutionists have published during the past twenty years.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The initial data from the ATS 1 magnetometer led to the discovery of variations in the magnetic field in the night sector of the synchronous orbit that are characteristic of substorms.
Abstract: The initial data from the ATS 1 magnetometer led to the discovery of variations in the magnetic field in the night sector of the synchronous orbit that are characteristic of substorms (Cummings and Coleman, 1968; Cummings et al., 1968). In this paper we will review these previously reported observations and present some results of more recent work.
TL;DR: Results indicate that long-acting nitrites do not cause any clinical impairment of the effective response of angina pectoris to sublingually administered nitroglycerin.
Abstract: Seventeen male patients with angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease who had not received long-acting nitrites for at least 1 mo prior to this study were evaluated in a double-blind crossover study to investigate whether the presence of isosorbide dinitrate interfered with the effective response of exercise-induced angina to nitroglycerin administered sublingually. There was no significant difference in the duration of angina following nitroglycerin whether the patients were on no medication, sublingual placebo or sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. There was no significant difference in the blood pressure, heart rate, product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate, or electrocardiographic response after the complete relief of angina following sublingual nitroglycerin whether the patients were on no medication, sublingual placebo, or sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. These results indicate that long-acting nitrites do not cause any clinical impairment of the effective response of angina pectoris to ...
TL;DR: In this paper, three binary A-15 compounds (Zr4Sn, Ta3Sb, Ta4Au) were reinvestigated and all three found to be superconducting below 1 ¼ K.
Abstract: Three binary A-15 compounds (Zr4Sn, Ta3Sb, Ta4Au) were reinvestigated and all three found to be superconducting below 1 ‡K. Ternary compounds V3(Al, X), (X=As, Ge, Au) were also investigated in the composition range where the A-15 structure is stable. The extrapolated superconducting transition temperature of the compound V3Al, if it existed in the A-15 form, is ∼ 17 ‡K.