University of Canterbury

About: University of Canterbury is a education organization based out in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 11100 authors who have published 29846 publications receiving 893232 citations. The organization is also known as: Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha & Canterbury College.

On the Temperature Dependence of Enzyme-Catalyzed Rates

Abstract: One of the critical variables that determine the rate of any reaction is temperature. For biological systems, the effects of temperature are convoluted with myriad (and often opposing) contributions from enzyme catalysis, protein stability, and temperature-dependent regulation, for example. We have coined the phrase “macromolecular rate theory (MMRT)” to describe the temperature dependence of enzyme-catalyzed rates independent of stability or regulatory processes. Central to MMRT is the observation that enzyme-catalyzed reactions occur with significant values of ΔCp‡ that are in general negative. That is, the heat capacity (Cp) for the enzyme–substrate complex is generally larger than the Cp for the enzyme-transition state complex. Consistent with a classical description of enzyme catalysis, a negative value for ΔCp‡ is the result of the enzyme binding relatively weakly to the substrate and very tightly to the transition state. This observation of negative ΔCp‡ has important implications for the temperatu...

Shareholders’ requirements for corporate environmental disclosures: A cross country comparison

Abstract: We survey individual shareholders in Australia, the UK and the US regarding corporate environmental disclosures. In general, respondents in the three countries are interested in, and positively disposed towards, these disclosures. We observe country and gender differences with Australian and female respondents more in favour of environmental reporting than others. Specifically, respondents require disclosure of an overview of environmental risks and impacts, the environmental policy, performance against measurable environmental targets and information on a range of environmental costs. Most shareholders require environmental disclosures to be audited. Shareholders call for environmental information because they believe managers should be accountable to shareholders for their companies’ environmental impacts. Furthermore, shareholders have indicated the uses for specific types of environmental information. Our results imply that legislators, standard setters and companies have to consider the policy implications of these shareholder views.

The education and training of entrepreneurs in Asia

Abstract: Entrepreneurship creates wealth and reduces unemployment. Entrepreneurs contribute to industrialisation as well as to economic growth; they improve living standards and tax revenues from their enterprises contribute to a nation’s treasury. Not surprisingly, then, governments have been spending considerable sums trying to create entrepreneurs. The question remains, however, Can entrepreneurship really be taught? To provide a response of any value, one must address the definition of entrepreneurship. As evident from the literature, there is no universally‐accepted definition of entrepreneurs or of entrepreneurship. If entrepreneurship is equated with the causing of economic disequilibrium – as per the Schumpeterian literature – then one can argue that entrepreneurs tend to be born, rather than made. In contrast, if relying on the definition provided by the Austrian School of Economics, it is possible to train entrepreneurs to identify opportunities and act thereon. Thus, while it can be argued that it is difficult to teach Schumpeterian entrepreneurship, efforts to teach Kirznerian entrepreneurship appear to have achieved some levels of success. However, to be truly successful, training programmes must be relevant to the host environment. It would be a fallacy to assume that a programme that has been functional in one environment will necessarily have the same effect elsewhere. A great danger lies in attempting to trans‐locate training programmes. This article provides a survey of education and training of entrepreneurs in different contexts across Asia.

RICE limits on the diffuse ultrahigh energy neutrino flux

Abstract: We present new limits on ultrahigh energy neutrino fluxes above ${10}^{17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ based on data collected by the Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment (RICE) at the South Pole from 1999--2005. We discuss estimation of backgrounds, calibration and data analysis algorithms (both online and offline), procedures used for the dedicated neutrino search, and refinements in our Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, including recent in situ measurements of the complex ice dielectric constant. An enlarged data set and a more detailed study of hadronic showers results in a sensitivity improvement of more than 1 order of magnitude compared to our previously published results. Examination of the full RICE data set yields zero acceptable neutrino candidates, resulting in 95% confidence-level model-dependent limits on the flux ${E}_{\ensuremath{ u}}^{2}d\ensuremath{\phi}/d{E}_{\ensuremath{ u}}l{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/(\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\text{ }\mathrm{s}\text{ }\mathrm{sr})$ in the energy range ${10}^{17}l{E}_{\ensuremath{ u}}l{10}^{20}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. The new RICE results rule out the most intense flux model projections at 95% confidence level.