Showing papers by "University of Central Florida published in 1983"
252 citations
01 Sep 1983
TL;DR: The "mistrust-sense of political efficacy" hypothesis as mentioned in this paper has been widely investigated, and it has been found to be related to non-allegiant action, but not to conventional participation.
Abstract: GOOD DEAL of scholarly attention has been paid in recent years to the increasing disaffection of the American electorate. Much of this concern has centered on the sources and meaning of political discontent, such as the erosion of political trust. Some have interpreted this trend as transient dissatisfaction (Citrin 1974); others have been considerably less sanguine (Miller 1974a, 1974b). In any case, political trust, taken by itself, is not a strong predictor of levels of political participation (Muller 1977; Milbrath and Goel 1977: 68-74). Better behavioral explanations are obtained when political efficacy also is taken into account (Aberbach 1969; Miller and Miller 1975: 406-7). It appears that, when low levels of trust are combined with high levels of efficacy, the potential for unconventional or "nonallegiant" action is optimal. Presumably, efficacy affects the level of initiative required by the act, and trust structures its allegiant or nonallegiant nature. This is the familiar "mistrust-sense of political efficacy" hypothesis, and it has been widely investigated (Abravenal and Busch 1975; Craig 1979; Craig and Maggiotto 1981; Finifter 1970; Fraser 1970; Hart 1978: chap. 2; Hawkins, Marando, and Taylor 1971; Paige 1971; Watts 1973; Zurcher and Monts 1972). Of course, in his original formulation of the hypothesis, Gamson (1968) connected this cynical combination of beliefs to all forms of activism conventional and unconventional. Even so, most studies have shown low trust and high efficacy to be related to nonallegiant action, but not to conventional participation. However, the development of cumulative research in this area has proven difficult for several reasons. One problem was mentioned above. We know that political trust is declining, but there is still some question whether we are witnessing a fundamental rejection of political institutions or a less durable disapproval of government officials and policies (Abramson and Finifter 1981). Clearly, our behavioral predictions depend on this distinction: Conditions of low diffuse support will foster different participatory consequences than conditions of low specific support for the system (Craig 1980). Additionally, most studies have not been sensitive to the emergent dimensional properties of political efficacy. All evidence now strongly indicates that political efficacy itself measures an "external," system-regarding attitude, as well as an "internal," personal dimension of belief (Converse 1972; Balch 1974; Craig 1979). Finally, we lack evidence for the connections between these political attitudes and a wider range of conventional or "within-system" behaviors, other than voting (Verba and Nie 1972).
166 citations
TL;DR: In this paper a study of products of fuzzy subgroups is begun, and some results relate the t-norm, used in forming the product, to the strength of the ensuing inequality.
71 citations
TL;DR: Characterization of competition graphs for arbitrary and acyclic directed graphs are presented and a comparison of these graphs with respect to known graphs shows good correspondence between these graphs and known graphs.
69 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the whole presumptive wing margin is part of the dorsal compartment and territories were found within the prospective wing margin for which no such features have been identified in the adult Drosophila melanogaster wing.
22 citations
TL;DR: An algorithm is described which accepts as input the edges of a convex polyhedron, listed in any order, and which produces a consistent collection of sequences of points which describe the faces of thepolyhedron as required by certain display rendering packages.
22 citations
TL;DR: The results do not reject the rank-order template hypothesis as the dispersal strategy of the cotton rat, and dispersal appeared to be density proportional rather than density dependent.
Abstract: Dispersal of cotton rats was examined over an annual cycle of abundance by removal trapping in pine flatwoods. All cotton rats live-trapped at biweekly intervals on two 0.49 ha grids were removed, whereas rats on an adjacent control grid were tagged and released alive on site. The null hypothesis was that dispersing cotton rats would represent a random sample of sex and weight (age) classes from the control population. Likewise, it was hypothesized that the proportion dispersing would be independent of population density on the control grid. Dispersing animals were most prevalent on the removal grids during November and December 1979 when numbers of cotton rats on the control grid were increasing. Dispersal appeared to be density proportional rather than density dependent. The proportion of individuals removed according to weight class was not significantly different among grids. Sex ratios of cotton rats on the control and removal grids were not different from 50:50 ( P > 0.05). The results do not reject the rank-order template hypothesis as the dispersal strategy of the cotton rat.
22 citations
TL;DR: A theorem of Choudum, Parthasarathy and Ravindra is extended with further statements equivalent to @ q"0(G) = @q"1(G), and more general results regarding the inequality @q'0( G) =< 0"1 (G) are presented.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of several copper(II) complexes of 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxamide [L = C 4 H 2 N 2 (CONH 2 ) 2 ] are reported.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a probabilistic basis for these methods is presented in terms of the four-space formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics (FSF), and applications are presented to illustrate use of the many-body formalism.
Abstract: The complexity of the field theoretic methods used for analyzing relativistic bound state problems has forced researchers to look for simpler computational methods. Simpler methods such as the relativistic harmonic oscillator method employed in the description of extended hadrons have been investigated. They are considered phenomenological, however, because they lack a theoretical basis. A probabilistic basis for these methods is presented here in terms of the four-space formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics (FSF). The single-particle FSF is reviewed and its physical meaning is examined. The many-body single-parameter formalism is then developed. Applications are presented to illustrate use of the many-body formalism and demonstrate the ease with which relativistic bound state problems can be handled. A multiple-parameter formalism is constructed in the Appendix.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a demographic and psychographic profile of opinion leaders in an energy related context and find significant differences across opinion leadership groupings on the variables of interest.
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to identify a demographic and psychographic profile of opinion leaders in an energy related context. The study found significant differences across opinion leadership groupings on the variables of interest.
TL;DR: In this article, a single crystal x-ray structure has been determined on the product from the reaction of oxygen with 3, 6-diphenyl-4, 4dimethyl-1, 4-dihydropyridazine.
TL;DR: Differential goal instructions produced reports of greater deprivation and greater attrition yet substantial weight losses among subjects given daily goals compared to subjects who also set meal and snack subgoals.
TL;DR: A series of ketoximes have been found to react with HMPA in the absence of acid catalysis to produce N,N-dimethyl-N′-arylamidines in reasonable yields as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Polystyrene-supported, multi-site, quarternary phosphonium salts are highly effective phase transfer catalysts and are as or more effective than similar single-site materials as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Polystyrene-supported, “multi-site” quarternary phosphonium salts are highly effective phase transfer catalysts and are as or more effective than similar “single-site” materials.
TL;DR: A system has been developed to accurately detect phase signals produced in optical interferometric sensors and is seen to have properties similar to a phase-locked loop.
Abstract: A system has been developed to accurately detect phase signals produced in optical interferometric sensors. The system employs optical heterodyning and synchronously detects optical phase by feeding back an error signal to a phase modulator in the reference leg of the interferometer. This system is seen to have properties similar to a phase-locked loop. The system is mathematically analyzed and a simple second-order model developed which accurately predicts the system response.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an evaluation and revision of the Econometric Forecasts: Evaluation and revision. Applied Economics: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 187-201.
Abstract: (1983). Econometric forecasts: evaluation and revision. Applied Economics: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 187-201.
TL;DR: A possible role for second messenger in mediating some of the acute toxic effects of OHP on the CNS is suggested, as well as the influence of beta sympathetic agonists and blocking agents and glucagon on OHP toxicity.
TL;DR: For example, the northern subsepcies of Rallus longirostris, R. l. yumanensis, leaves its breeding grounds in the Colorado River Valley to winter in Mexico.
Abstract: winter ranges of Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris) in the United States despite years of study by ornithologists and game biologists (Stewart 1951, 1954; Mangold 1977). For example, only recently was it learned that the endangered southwestern population, R. l. yumanensis, leaves its breeding grounds in the Colorado River Valley to winter in Mexico (Tomlinson and Todd 1973, Banks and Tomlinson 1974). Populations in the southeastern states are thought to be largely nonmigratory and strictly confined to coastal areas (Adams and Quay 1958). The northern subsepcies, R. l. crepitans, is known to range south in winter along the Atlantic Coast as far as the vi-
TL;DR: For example, this article found that both male and female audiences demonstrated increased brand recall as the model's nudity was increased and that there was no correlation between increased nudity and brand recall.
Abstract: Despite research findings' that scantily-clad or even nude models in advertisements do not improve brand recall of the products advertised, marketers continue to employ nudity in their advertising. In recent years males as well as females have been used as models. Since current research reflects only the effectiveness of female nudity for brand recall among male audiences, this study was conducted to see what happens when those roles are reversed. Findings did not replicate those of previous studies which indicated a reverse correlation between increased nudity and brand recall. Both male and female audiences demonstrated increased brand recall as the model's nudity was increased.
TL;DR: In this article, a protocol for the analysis at an earth-orbiting quarantine facility of return samples of extraterrestrial material that might contain (nonterrestrial) life forms is presented.
TL;DR: Results of staining discs from homoeotic mutants indicate that the enzyme distribution patterns are under genetic control, and G6PD pattern in the anterior haltere disc transforms to that of anterior wing disc.
Abstract: Distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster was determined. Differential patterns of staining were found in all discs examined, i.e., eye-antennal, wing, leg, labial and genital. By using null mutants for either G6PD or 6PGD, the enzymes were shown to have the same distribution patterns. Staining with glucose-6-phosphate as a substrate resulted in the detection of both G6PD and 6PGD. Results of staining discs from homoeotic mutants indicate that the enzyme distribution patterns are under genetic control. In the presence of the homoeotic engrailed (en) mutation which transforms posterior wing compartment into anterior, the G6PD pattern of the posterior compartment of the wing disc was specifically transformed toward that of the anterior compartment. The bithorax series of homoeotic mutants was similarly investigated. The bithorax (bx3) mutation transforms the anterior part of the haltere to anterior wing blade. Similarly the G6PD pattern in the anterior haltere disc transforms to that of anterior wing disc. The complimentary transformation, postbithorax (pbx) results in a change of the posterior part of the haltere to posterior wing, which is likewise reflected in an altered staining pattern for G6PD in the posterior portion of the haltere disc. The combination of the bx3 and pbx resulted in a staining pattern of the haltere disc virtually indistinguishable from the normal wing disc.
TL;DR: Several expressions are derived for the probability density and cumulative distribution functions associated with the sum of N sampled outputs of an analog cross correlator, which are more general than previous work and, for the most part, functionally less complicated.
Abstract: Several expressions are derived for the probability density and cumulative distribution functions associated with the sum of N sampled outputs of an analog cross correlator. The correlator inputs consist of deterministic signals having the same frequency with additive correlated stationary narrow-band Gaussian noise processes. Spectral symmetry of the noises is not assumed, and the noise components in each input channel have distinct variances. Wherever possible, comparisons of our results with previous work are discussed. The results derived are more general than previous work and, for the most part, functionally less complicated.
TL;DR: This paper found evidence that mass opinions on social issues and traditional views on government spending form distinct ideological dimensions, and that the relatively young and the better educated are more liberal on both dimensions of belief.
Abstract: Recent analyses suggest that a new kind of liberalism has emerged in the American system. “Social liberalism,” in this view, is organized by issues that are relatively new to the political agenda: abortion, homosexuality, marijuana use, pornography. This dimension of belief occupies an ideological domain clearly separate from traditional “New Deal” issues involving government spending and the management of the economy. Some scholars argue, furthermore, that partisan and social divisions on the basis of New Deal-style economic issues have declined in importance, and that the relatively young and the better educated are now more liberal on both dimensions of belief. Evidence presented here indicates that mass opinions on social issues and traditional views on government spending form distinct ideological dimensions. However, this analysis also reveals clear and persistent patterns of conflict characteristic of economic issues.
TL;DR: In this paper, a design for an earth-orbiting facility for the analysis of planetary return samples under conditions of maximum protection against contamination but minimal damage to the sample is presented, keyed to a Mars sample return mission profile.
TL;DR: The study concluded with an empirically derived laboratory model for EMG biofeedback research and found that the forearm extensor was the only muscle group which showed a statistically significant effect after one 20-min.
Abstract: Exp. I investigated three recurring problems in electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback research. (1) Pre-knowledge that research involved biofeedback resulted in a selective bias on the part of students asked to volunteer as subjects. (2) EMG readings were not affected by repeated use of the word relax in verbal instructions. (3) The forearm extensor was the only muscle group which showed a statistically significant effect after one 20-min. training session. Exp. II challenged and clarified results of Exp. I and concluded the study with an empirically derived laboratory model for EMG biofeedback research.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a more direct approach to the analysis of timing by analyzing shifts in the asset composition of professionally managed portfolios to determine if portfolio managers are attempting to adjust risk exposure.
Abstract: Previous research has investigated portfolio timing success by analyzing possible shifts in the beta of professionally managed portfolios. The methodology used by these studies usually involves calculating the betas of portfolios under varing market conditions using ex post holding period yields. Since a portfolio's beta can shift for reasons other than timing efforts, the results and interpretation of this type of analysis are limited. This paper takes a more direct approach to the analysis of timing by analyzing shifts in the asset composition of professionally managed portfolios. The asset composition is first analyzed to determine if portfolio managers are attempting to adjust risk exposure. Any shifts that are identified are compared to the market conditions that existed subsequent to the shift to determine if the shift was appropriate in terms of correct timing.
01 Feb 1983
TL;DR: This paper includes introductory tutorials on speech synthesis and recognition in an attempt to overcome the jargon barrier and to stimulate generation of new applications.
TL;DR: The curricular backflips that have occurred in American schools in the last 35 years can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when the excesses of the liberal 1960s created a conservative groundswell which began to nourish the long latent "back-to-basics" movement as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: ike a bear awakening from a long hibernation, stretching and examining its body parts, western society is rising from the throes of the longest economic slump since World War II. The apparent reasons for the protracted recession are rising oil prices, the emergence of Japanese industrial power, and antiquated western industrial plants, among other things. The real roots of the problem may be much deeper and pervasive; they may be planted in the fundamental and painful upheaval of the very foundations of society. And the schools, as usual, are right in the middle. Many educators have vivid recollections of the curricular backflips that have occurred in American schools in the last 35 years. The 1960s produced the Vietnam War and serious social unrest that manifested itself in the hasty redesign of school curricula to produce "relevance" and "choices" for students with newfound power. It was an era when all authority was open to question and was forced to justify its existence. During this period, concern for the individual and minority groups raised an awareness that segments of society were not benefitting as they should from their public school experiences, and under fire, the school reacted to these societal forces by producing more responsive curricula. The excesses of the liberal 1960s, however, created a conservative groundswell which began to nourish the long latent "back-to-basics" movement. The conservative 1970s witnessed the near demise of such existentialist creatures as the open classroom, open curriculum, and radical alternatives to subject-matter education. By 1980 the double flip was complete. The basics, usually defined in terms of minimally acceptable levels of competencies in mathematics and reading, were firmly ensconsed in the schools of most of the 50 states. Th re existed, at that time, an overriding concern that all members of society, regardless of race and ethnic origin, be equipped, at least at a minimal level, to face life with abilities to communicate with written words and numbers. The educational system spent an entire ecade and much of its resources building a floor of minimal standards, only to discover recently that these standards are not enough, and that, indeed, they may be in ppropriate to the future needs of our society. With each passing year, it becomes apparent that Toffler's vision of a technologically based society is substantially correct. Labor-intensive industries related to steel and auto manufacturing are giving way to hightech robotics, electronic communications, and computer industries. The mad scramble of cities and states to attract their own versions of Southern California's "silicon valley" is on. The competition is fierce. First fueled by tax and economic incentives offered by many states in the sunbelt region, it has now spread to the economically depressed northern states. And, again, the schools have become a most important piece in this game of economic chess, perhaps the kingpiece itself. Minimal literacy standards, while a worthy goal of a nation with a labor-intensive economic base, is out of step with the requirements of the rising wave of hightechnology industry. At the turn of the century, 90 percent of the American work force was involved in manufacturing industries, and the establishment of a universal compulsory educational system which would provide the populace with minimal levels of literacy was appropriate and desirable. By the beginning of the next century, as few as 8 percent of the work force in the Dr. Esler is professor and chairman, Educational Foundations Department, College of Education, University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida.