Showing papers by "University of Graz published in 1980"
TL;DR: Investigations suggest that as compared to 4-hydroxynonenal very low amounts of other 4-Hydroxyalkenals are formed by actively peroxidizing liver microsomes, and this finding may help to elucidate the mechanism by which lipid peroxidation causes deleterious effects on cells and cell constituents.
713 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the action of capsaicin on substance P neurones is restricted to primary sensory neurones and it is suggested that release of substance P is involved in neurogenic plasma extravasation.
Abstract: 1 Rats were pretreated with capsaicin (50 mg/kg, s.c.) on the 2nd, 10th, or 20th day of life. Three months later immunoreactive substance P (I-SP) was determined in skin, sensory nerves and the central nervous system. Neurogenic plasma extravasation was also examined.2 Pretreatment at the age of 2 or 10 days resulted in a decrease (26 to 69%) of I-SP in skin, saphenous and vagus nerve, dorsal roots, dorsal half of the spinal cord, and medulla oblongata. The I-SP content of the ventral half of the spinal cord, of midbrain, hypothalamus, striatum, cortex, and cerebellum remained unchanged. Neurogenic plasma extravasation was inhibited by more than 80%.3 In contrast to this irreversible effect of capsaicin on newborn rats, pretreatment of 20 day old rats led to reversible depletion of I-SP and to reversible impairment of neurogenic plasma extravasation.4 Capsaicin pretreatment of adult rats caused a marked depletion of I-SP in the skin of the hind paw and an impairment of neurogenic plasma extravasation. A similar decrease of I-SP was seen after chronic denervation of the skin.5 Intra-arterial infusion of substance P (threshold dose 5 x 10(-13) mol/min) or physalaemin induced dose-dependent plasma extravasation. Somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, caerulein and the enkephalin-analogue FK 33-824 were ineffective in doses 100 fold higher.6 The results indicate that the action of capsaicin on substance P neurones is restricted to primary sensory neurones. Since in every case a decreased substance P content of the skin was associated with impaired neurogenic plasma extravasation, it is suggested that release of substance P is involved in neurogenic plasma extravasation.
594 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that NGF leads to an increase in SP in spinal ganglia, as previously shown by Kessler and Black14, but it is described that the administration of anti-NGF antibodies produces a marked reduction of the SP content in sensory neurones and in their respective nerve terminals.
Abstract: The protein nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to be essential for the maturation and maintenance of adrenergic neurones1 and for the development of sensory neurones during critical stages of embryonic life2–4. The investigation of the physiological importance of NGF for the development of sensory neurones has been hampered so far by the lack of biochemical marker substances for these neurones. The demonstration that the undecapeptide substance P(SP) is present in sensory neurones5,6 suggests that it might be such a marker. SP is synthesized in dorsal root ganglia (DRG)7 and transported to the terminals of C-fibres located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and in the skin8. Its release can be demonstrated from the central9,10 and peripheral endings11 of sensory nerve fibres which seem to have an important role in pain perception12,13. We have investigated the effects of NGF and of purified anti-NGF antibodies on the content of SP in rat DRG and in their respective target organs, namely the spinal cord and the skin. The effects on sympathetic ganglia were included in order to control the effectiveness of both NGF and its antibody. We report here that NGF leads to an increase in SP in spinal ganglia, as previously shown by Kessler and Black14. However, in contrast to these authors, we describe that the administration of anti-NGF antibodies produces a marked reduction of the SP content in sensory neurones and in their respective nerve terminals.
190 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the dynamical charge as a function of lattice constant was investigated and the results were interpreted in terms of the bond orbital theory and of a pseudopotential calculation.
Abstract: The first- and second-order Raman spectra of InP have been measured in a diamond anvil cell as a function of hydrostatic pressure up to the phase transition (100 kbar). The Gr\"uneisen parameters of the LO and TO phonons at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, and also those of several optical and acoustical phonons corresponding to critical points at the edge of the zone, have been measured. Particular emphasis is placed in the determination of the dependence of the dynamical charge as a function of lattice constant: a nonlinear decrease with decreasing lattice constant is found. The results are interpreted in terms of the bond orbital theory and of a pseudopotential calculation of the dynamical charge as a function of lattice constant.
152 citations
TL;DR: A new method for extraction of immunoreactive substance P (I-SP) from rat intestine including pulverization of tissue frozen in liquid nitrogen and extraction with acid acetone is described, indicating that intrinsic SP neurones are capsaicin-insensitive.
140 citations
TL;DR: β2-G-I in rats is also present in all serum lipoprotein density classes and was found in VLDL, and strongly binds to heparin and Intralipid®.
132 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the problem of infinite delay equations and proved existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of solutions in the state space of a function with bounded delay and bounded retardation.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the variation of the lowest direct absorption edge of InP with pressure at room temperature with a diamond anvil cell for pressures up to the phase transition (100 kbar).
Abstract: The variation of the lowest direct absorption edge of InP with pressure has been measured at room temperature with a diamond anvil cell for pressures up to the phase transition (100 kbar). Both transmission and luminescence techniques were used. The gap varies sublinearly with pressure but linearly with lattice constant: the gap deformation potential so obtained is $a=\ensuremath{-}6.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ eV. This result is discussed in the light of theoretical calculations. The observed luminescence intensity remains nearly constant as a function of pressure up to 90 kbar. At this pressure the efficiency begins to decrease thus signaling the crossing of the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ and $X$ conduction-band minima which we estimate to occur at 104 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 kbar. The pressure coefficient of the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{-}X$ indirect gap is found to be -(3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV/bar.
80 citations
TL;DR: A graphical method is described that permits simple and adequate quantitative and statistical evaluation of combinations of synergistically acting drugs and appears to be a superior alternative to the isoboles method of Loewe and Muischnek (1926).
69 citations
TL;DR: Results show that in the peripheral vascular bed, histamine, via H1-receptors, activates a phospholipase A2 mainly by increasing a transfer of extracellular calcium into the cell, which results in the release of arachidonic acid possibly from a rather small endogenous pool which specifically provides substrate for the PG synthetase system.
Abstract: 1.
Injection or infusion of histamine intraarterially into the isolated perfused rabbit ear dosedependently stimulated the release of prostaglandins (PGs) as measured by radioimmunoassay (PGE), bovine coronary artery strips (PGI2) and by the prelabeling technic with [1-14C]-arachidonic acid (PGI2, PGE2, PGF2α, PGD2).
2.
PG release was abolished by indometacin (1–3 μg/ml) and reduced by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine (10 μg/ml) as well as by perfusing with calcium-free, 1 mM EGTA containing solution.
3.
The histamine H2-receptor antagonists burimamide (5μg/ml) and cimetidine (2 μg/ml) did not influence histamine-induced PG release. The H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine (0.1–1 μg/ml) abolished histamine-induced PG release.
4.
In the presence, but not in the absence, of bovine serum albumin there was a basal release of high amounts of arachidonic acid. Histamine tended to increase the released amount of radioactive arachidonic acid. In contrast to indometacin which only blocked PG release, mepyramine significantly reduced the histamine-stimulated release of arachidonic acid, too.
5.
The results show that in the peripheral vascular bed, histamine, via H1-receptors, activates a phospholipase A2 mainly by increasing a transfer of extracellular calcium into the cell. Activation of a phospholipase A2 results in the release of arachidonic acid possibly from a rather small endogenous pool which specifically provides substrate for the PG synthetase system.
68 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that PGE1 stimulates intestinal fluid secretion by increasing mucosal cyclic AMP levels and net water flux, and the antidiarrhoeal effect of morphine can be explained by its inhibition of the PGE‐mediated increase in cyclicAMP levels, which, in turn, leads to a reduction in intestinal secretion.
Abstract: 1 The effects were studied of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), theophylline and morphine on net water flux and mucosal cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels in the jejunum of anaesthetized rats in vivo. 2 Infusion of PGE1 (3.2 micrograms/min, i.a.) caused a reversal from net water absorption to net secretion and enhanced the mucosal cyclic AMP content by 54%. 3 Theophylline (5 mg/ml, intraluminal) similarly produced a reversal from net water absorption to net secretion and increased mucosal cyclic AMP content by 54%. Additional intra-arterial infusion of PGE1 resulted in a massive increase in net water secretion and an increase in mucosal cyclic AMP content by about 200%. 4 Pretreatment with morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the effect of PGE1 on net water flux and completely inhibited its effect on the mucosal cyclic AMP content. Naloxone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) abolished both effects of morphine. 5 A good correlation (r = 0.99) was demonstrated between mucosal cyclic AMP levels and net water flux. 6 The present results demonstrate that PGE1 stimulates intestinal fluid secretion by increasing mucosal cyclic AMP levels. The antidiarrhoeal effect of morphine can be explained by its inhibition of the PGE-mediated increase in cyclic AMP levels, which, in turn, leads to a reduction in intestinal secretion.
TL;DR: In this article, small-angle X-ray scattering of Lumbricus terrestris haemoglobin was measured in dilute solutions in 0.1 M Tris HCl buffer, pH 7.0.
TL;DR: It is suggested that these differences might be due to massive premortal adrenal medullary discharge rather than post mortem degradation.
TL;DR: In this article, a cyclodehydrogenation with Pd/C in boiling diphenyl ether was used to convert phenylmalonyl heterocyclic compounds such as quinolones and benzoquinolizinones to benzofuranes.
Abstract: Phenylmalonyl heterocyclic compounds such as the quinolones1a–c or3, benzoquinolizinones6a, b and the phenalenones8a, b can be converted to benzofuranes (2a–c, 7a, b and9a, b) by cyclodehydrogenation with Pd/C in boiling diphenyl ether. 2-Phenylchinchonic acid (10) reacts under the same conditions to the dimeric benzofuroquinoline12: the decarboxylated quinoline11 however gives the monomer13.
TL;DR: Although the stimulation of nociceptors by capsaicin in a small dose includes the release of prostaglandin E from the surrounding tissue, it cannot be said whether a prostaglandsin-mediated mechanism is also involved in the long lasting functional impairment of chemosensitive fibres induced by high doses of Capsaicin.
Abstract: 1.
Intraarterial injection of capsaicin (threshold dose 0.3 μg) into the isolated perfused rabbit ear causes a dose-dependent reflex fall in blood pressure by stimulation of chemosensitive nociceptors.
2.
Infusion of capsaicin (1 and 10 μg/ml) into the isolated rabbit ear dose-dependently stimulates prostaglandin biosynthesis, equally in innervated and chronically denervated preparations, therefore mainly in extraneuronal tissue. The capsaicin-induced prostaglandin E release is dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+.
3.
The nociceptive reflex fall in blood pressure induced by i.a. injection of bradykinin is progressively enhanced under infusion of 1 μg/ml capsaicin whereas that induced by acetylcholine is not. Its enhancement is explained by the capsaicin-induced increased amount of prostaglandin E at the nociceptor sites.
4.
Infusion of 10 μg/ml capsaicin renders the nociceptors insensitive to effects of bradykinin and acetylcholine.
5.
Although the stimulation of nociceptors by capsaicin in a small dose includes the release of prostaglandin E from the surrounding tissue, it cannot be said whether a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism is also involved in the long lasting functional impairment of chemosensitive fibres induced by high doses of capsaicin.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ascorbic acid (AS) content of Picea abies following a seasonal rhythm with a maximum of 1.9 mg/g fresh weight (f.w.) in April and a minimum of 0.6mg/g f.w. in October.
TL;DR: In this article, the substitution of molybdenum by tungsten in the phase Mo17O47 caused a decrease of conductivity of the ternary compounds.
Abstract: Im Zweistoffsystem Molybdan-Sauerstoff wird an Sinterproben der Phasen Mo4O11, Mo17O47, Mo8O23, Mo9O26 und Mo18O52 die elektrische Leitfahigkeit und der Magnetowiderstand im Temperaturbereich 4,2 K ≦ T ≦ 300 K bei magnetischen Induktionen bis zu 7 T gemessen. Dabei tritt mit zunehmendem Sauerstoffgehalt der Verbindungen ein Ubergang von der metallischen Leitfahigkeit zur Halbleitung bei kritischen Abstanden der Metallionen auf. Die Substitution von Molybdan durch Wolfram in der Phase Mo17O47 bewirkt eine Leitfahigkeitsabnahme in den ternaren Verbindungen.
In the binary system molybdenum - oxygen the electrical conductivity and the magnetoresistance is measured for the phases Mo4O11, Mo17O47, Mo8O23, Mo9O26, and Mo18O52 in the temperature range 4.2 K ≦ T ≦ 300 K at magnetic inductions up to 7 T. With increasing oxygen content of the compounds a transition from metallic conductivity to semiconductivity occurs at critical distances of the metal ions. The substitution of molybdenum by tungsten in the phase Mo17O47 causes a decrease of conductivity of the ternary compounds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the bandenverbreiterung nimmt jedoch with steigendem pH-Wert and mit steigender Temperatures ab, which deutet aufeinen relativ langsam ablaufenden Massentransport an der stationfiren Phase.
Abstract: tionsreihenfolge yon D und L beim l~bergang vonder L-Valinzur L-Prolinphase ist anhand der Stabilitfit der jeweiligen H~und DL-Komplexe zu erklfiren [13]. Die absoluten und relativen Retentionen der Dund g-Dansylaminos/iuren h~ingen sehr stark vom ptt-Wert und vonder Temperatur des Eluenten ab. Mit steigender Temperatur und steigendem pH-Wert nehmen die relativen Retentionen der Enantiomeren-Paare ab. Die Bandenverbreiterung nimmt jedoch mit steigendem pH-Wert und mit steigender Temperatur ab. Dies deutet aufeinen relativ langsam ablaufenden Massentransport an der stationfiren Phase hin. Trotzdem erlaubt die Methode die schnelle analytische Untersuchung yon Racemisierungsvorg/ingen z.B. bei der Peptidsynthese, In Fig. 1 ist die Racemat-Trennung von einigen Dansylaminosfiuren bei 55 ~ und pH 7,8 gezeigt. Die Trennung der freien Aminosfiuren scheint an diesen Phasen ebenfalls m6glich zu sein, da es gelang, mit ftir die Dansylderivate optimierten chromatographischen Bedingungen bereits Tryptophan und Prolin in ihre Enantiomeren aufzuspalten. L-Set
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that Hyaluronic acid in water exhibits a non-monotonous scattering function, which is explained in terms of multimerization leading to gel-like supermolecular particles.
Abstract: Hyaluronic acid in water exhibits a non-monotonous scattering function, which is explained in terms of multimerization leading to gel-like supermolecular particles. This tendency is highest in water, lower in buffer, and lowest in isotonic NaCl-solution + NaN3. Viscosity measurements show that with increasing concentration a network solution is formed. SAXS-measurements show that nonaggregated Hyaluronic acid is present either in form of double strands, or as supercoils with helical portions.
TL;DR: In this article, the tensor polarization of the electron-deuteron scattering cross sections is calculated for a variety of potential models with respect to off-shell behavior and tensor force strength, and the pair meson-exchange-current correction of Gari and Hyuga is included in the analysis.
Abstract: Electron-deuteron scattering observables, including the tensor polarizations ${T}_{20}$, ${T}_{2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}$, ${T}_{2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2}$, are calculated for a variety of $N\ensuremath{-}N$ potential models. The main goal is to determine how the tensor polarization experiments can help distinguish competing potential models with respect to off-shell behavior and tensor force strength. The pair meson-exchange-current correction of Gari and Hyuga is included in the analysis as well as a correction suggested by Friar for energy-dependent potentials. It is found that whereas electron-deuteron elastic scattering cross sections do not readily distinguish different potentials, the tensor polarizations do. The tensor polarization ${T}_{20}$ mainly distinguishes potentials with different deuteron $s$-wave momentum distributions, but does not distinguish potentials with different $d$-state probabilities (${P}_{D}$). The tensor polarization ${T}_{2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}$, since it factors essentially into a product of the magnetic and quadrupole form factors, allows for the extraction of the quadrupole form factor which is closely related to the tensor force strength and ${P}_{D}$. The tensor polarization ${T}_{2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2}$ is completely determined by the elastic scattering cross sections and magnetic form factor, and yields no additional information on the $N\ensuremath{-}N$ force unobtainable from elastic scattering measurements. The tensor polarizations ${T}_{20}$ and ${T}_{21}$ have maximum values of order unity in the region $q=2 \mathrm{to} 5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The calculations indicate that measurements of ${T}_{20}$ for $2\ensuremath{\lesssim}q\ensuremath{\lesssim}5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and ${T}_{2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}$ for $3\ensuremath{\lesssim}q\ensuremath{\lesssim}5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ could yield important information on the off-shell behavior and tensor force strength. The meson-exchange-current and energy-dependence corrections are important and must be taken into account to extract potential properties from such experiments.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $^{2}\mathrm{H}$: form factors, tensor polarization calculated: dependence on off-shell behavior and ${P}_{D}$; seven potential models; pair currents included.
TL;DR: Positron lifetime spectra in γ-irradiated teflon are measured in the dose range up to 20 Mrad and clearly resolved into four lifetime components without any constraints as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Positron lifetime spectra in γ-irradiated teflon are measured in the dose range up to 20 Mrad and clearly resolved into four lifetime components without any constraints. With increasing dose, the longest and the second-longest lifetime decrease slightly, whereas the two shortest lifetimes remain constant. The intensity of the second-shortest component increases very much on the expense of the other intensities, especially of that of the longest-lived component. The identification of the four lifetime components with corresponding annihilation mechanisms is discussed.
Positronenlebensdauern von γ-bestrahltem Teflon werden im Dosisbereich von 0 bis 20 Mrad gemessen und eindeutig in vier Komponenten ohne jegliche Zwangsbedingungen aufgelost. Es zeigt sich, das bei steigender γ-Dosis die langste und die zweitlangste Lebensdauer leicht abnehmen und die beiden kurzesten Lebensdauern konstant bleiben. Die Intensitat der zweitkurzesten Lebensdauer nimmt auf Kosten aller anderen Intensitaten, insbesondere der der langsten Komponente, stark zu. Die Zuordnung der vier Lebensdauerkomponenten zu entsprechenden Annihilationsmechanismen wird diskutiert.
TL;DR: Colloid surface enhanced Raman spectra are recorded for pyridine, benzene, deuterobenzene, acetonitrile. and N,N-di-methyl aniline as sample compounds as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: A very simple and fast method for the determination of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase is described, which works with a coefficient of variation of less than 5%.
TL;DR: Investigation of lung function tests in 11 children aged 2.5–5.5 years who required intermittent positive pressure ventilation in infancy suggest damage of the smallest airways which could be the reason for the obstructively impaired expiratory patterns seen in 6 of the probands.
Abstract: . Borkenstein, J., Borkenstein, M. and Rosegger, H. (Department of Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Graz, Landeskrankenhaus, Graz, Austria). Pulmonary function studies in long-term survivors with artificial ventilation in the neonatal period. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 159, 1980.—Lung function tests in 11 children aged 2.5–5.5 years who required intermittent positive pressure ventilation (1–624 hrs) in infancy were obtained. The conditions necessitating artificial ventilation were hyaline membrane disease, neonatal apneic spells, aspiration of milk, and birth asphyxia. On examination the probands were in a good healthy state and without any subjective signs of dyspnea. Lung volumes could be measured in all of the probands. They did not show any statistically significant deviation from standards for height and correlated with the age of the probands. Time related flow rates were sufficiently measurable in 7 probands only, who cooperated adequately. In 6 of them the expiratory flow showed a decrease of the effort independent portion with a slight increase in the total airway resistance. There was no correlation between the condition requiring artificial ventilation, the former therapeutic characteristics and the degree of the pathological lung function tests. The results of this investigation suggest damage of the smallest airways which could be the reason for the obstructively impaired expiratory patterns seen in 6 of the probands.
TL;DR: A simple, high yield, two-step synthesis of 1,2,O-isopropylidene-β-L-idofuranurono-6,3-lactone is described in this paper.
TL;DR: The haemocyanin of Astacus leptodactylus was studied in several buffers at three pH values and the best stability and lowest mean deviation on repeating the measurements were found at pH 7.2 in a Tris-HCl buffer.
Abstract: The haemocyanin of Astacus leptodactylus was studied in several buffers at three pH values. The best stability and lowest mean deviation on repeating the measurements were found at pH 7.2 in a Tris-HCl buffer. The following molecular parameters were determined: radius of gyration 6.90 nm, radius of gyration of the cross-section 3.87 nm, maximum dimension 21.5 nm, relative molecular mass 854000, volume 1440 nm3, hydration 0.27 g H2O/g protein. The theoretical scattering curves of a large number of models were calculated to find one fitting these data and the experimental scattering curve. The model with the best agreement was compared with an electron micrograph.
TL;DR: A method for the separation of D,L-triiodothyronine and D,TetraiodothyRONine optical isomers is described and results are in good agreement with those of an enzymatic method.
TL;DR: It is suggested that substance P may cause an increase in HBF via the release of endogenous acetylcholine, which in turn stimulates the INP.
Abstract: 1 Hypothalamic blood flow (HBF) was measured in conscious rabbits by the 133xenon washout technique. 2 Substance P in a dose of 50 or 500 ng increases HBF while 5 ng is without effect. 3 Cholinoceptor blockade, with either atropine or mecamylamine abolishes the vasodilator effect of substance P. 4 Chemical sympathectomy of the hypothalamus with 6-hydroxydopamine, or adrenoceptor blockade with either propranolol or phenoxybenzamine abolishes the effect of substance P on HBF. 5 Destruction of the intracerebral noradrenergic pathway (INP), or blockade of its vasodilator action, with barbiturate or bicarbonate, likewise prevent the vasodilator action of substance P. 6 These results suggest that substance P may cause an increase in HBF via the release of endogenous acetylcholine, which in turn stimulates the INP.
TL;DR: The results indicate that GSH and also total protein SH and structural protein SH are increased in needles of Picea abies growing in SO2 polluted areas.
Abstract: The effect of SO2 on the SH-groups of proteins in needles of Picea abies is studied. The content of total protein SH and glutathione is estimated with 5.5′-Dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic-acid (Ellman reagent). In addition structural protein SH is measured microspectrophotometrically in sections stained with the SH reagent, mercurochrome. The results indicate that GSH and also total protein SH and structural protein SH are increased in needles of Picea abies growing in SO2 polluted areas. Compared to needles of trees in relatively unpolluted areas average increases of 2. 33 (GSH), 1.22 (total protein SH) and 1.55 (structural protein SH) are found.