Showing papers by "University of Haifa published in 1983"
TL;DR: Etude en Israel de l'evolution de la sensibilite thermique de 2 especes de lezards Agama savignyi et Stellio stellio en Israel.
Abstract: Etude en Israel de l'evolution de la sensibilite thermique de 2 especes de lezards Agama savignyi et Stellio stellio en Israel
276 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the behavior of Kaczmarz's method with relaxation for inconsistent systems and showed that when the relaxation parameter goes to zero, the limits of the cyclic subsequences generated by the method approach a weighted least squares solution of the system.
Abstract: We investigate the behavior of Kaczmarz's method with relaxation for inconsistent systems. We show that when the relaxation parameter goes to zero, the limits of the cyclic subsequences generated by the method approach a weighted least squares solution of the system. This point minimizes the sum of the squares of the Euclidean distances to the hyperplanes of the system. If the starting point is chosen properly, then the limits approach the minimum norm weighted least squares solution. The proof is given for a block-Kaczmarz method.
217 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose the Structuring Mathematical Proofs (SMP) method for proving mathematical correctness of mathematical proofs, and present a proof-based proof system.
Abstract: (1983). Structuring Mathematical Proofs. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 174-185.
141 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that at least part of the hordein polymorphisms in wild barley is adaptive and selected by soil and topographic differences over very short distances.
Abstract: Genetic diversity in the storage protein hordein encoded by two loci, Hor1 and Hor2, was analyzed electrophoretically in seeds from 123 individual plants of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley. The test was conducted in two topographically different 100 meter transects in Israel, each equally divided into basalt and terra rossa soil types. Altogether 15 Hor1 and 16 Hor2 phenotypes were detected; 7 phenotypes in Hor1 and 5 in Hor2 were common. Significant differentiation of both Hor1 and Hor2 phenotypes and their associations was found with soil type and topography. Likewise, significant correlations were found between hordein phenotypes and allozyme types detected in a previous study. Our results suggest that at least part of the hordein polymorphisms in wild barley is adaptive and selected by soil and topographic differences over very short distances.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the flow of information and influence in the network of conversational ties in a kibbutz community and found that weak ties serve as crucial paths between groups, thus providing the means by which individual behavior and ideas, originating in small face-to-face groups, are routinized and agglomerated into large-scale patterns.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two competing models are developed: (1) the capability model argues that the outcome of the dispute is a function of the balance of capabilities among the protagonists and that the strongest prevails.
Abstract: This study attempts to explain the recurring empirical observation that initiators of interstate disputes, both those that escalated into wars and those that ended otherwise, are disproportionately likely to win. Two competing models are developed: (1) The capability model argues that the outcome of the dispute is a function of the balance of capabilities among the protagonists and that the strongest prevails. (2) The resolve model argues that dispute outcomes are determined by the balance of motivation and resolve among the protagonists; that is, the actor with the highest level of resolve is likely to win. A random sample of 164 disputes is used to test these two models. The findings suggest that capabilities are unrelated to dispute outcomes, whereas resolve variables are consistently related to dispute outcomes. The implications for conflict management and conflict escalation are discussed.
105 citations
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that global precedence may hold for patterns with as few as four elements and configurational properties of some of the patterns interfered with the encoding of their global structures or with comparing them, and it was argued that the results support a principle of global addressability.
Abstract: In order to study the relative perceptual availability of global and local features in very sparse patterns, subjects were asked to make 'same'/'different' judgments on pairs of geometrical figures and the times needed to detect global and local differences were compared. With triangular patterns a global precedence was found which could be attributed to size differences. With rectangular patterns global precedence was larger, not accounted for by size differences, and indifferent both to the number of elements and to their spacing. Thus it was demonstrated that global precedence may hold for patterns with as few as four elements. Patterns with smooth edges could be compared much more quickly than patterns with serrated eges. It is proposed that configurational properties of some of the patterns interfered with the encoding of their global structures or with comparing them. It is argued that the results support a principle of global addressability which postulates that visual schemata are mainly addressed through their global constituents.
89 citations
TL;DR: The data are interpreted as suggesting that more attention may indeed be directed to informative regions, and that this effect cannot be solely attributed to retinal factors.
Abstract: In visual identification, is visual attention attracted to more informative elements, i.e. to elements which are more critical for identification? This question was investigated by having subjects detect some visual probes while performing a primary task that involved identification. The probes were located in the neighbourhood of highly or poorly informative parts of the identified stimuli. Three experiments that followed this rationale were conducted. In Experiment I, it was found that when subjects searched for a target letter in lines of identical background letters, they detected more dots near the feature that distinguished between the target and the background letters. In Experiment 11, it was found that native Hebrew-speaking subjects detected more lines above a letter that distinguished between two English words. Experiment III showed that the effect was reduced but did not vanish when spatial uncertainty was introduced. On the whole, the data are interpreted as suggesting that more atte...
78 citations
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a methodological approach to aid in the complex process of making inferences about the meaning and usefulness of observed national differences is presented. But the authors do not discuss the use of relative position analysis in addition to score analysis.
Abstract: This article demonstrates one methodological approach to aid in the complex process of making inferences about the meaning and usefulness of observed national differences. By using data from an international study of “The Meaning of Working,” 3 points are made: 1) it is important to use multiple methods of measurement for conceptual ideas or domains; 2) it is important to use intra-country reference group comparisons; and 3) it is important to use some form of relative position analysis in addition to score analysis.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that the field of child and youth care be viewed as a craft, and an initial approximation of such a conceptualization as it might look through the eyes of most current workers is followed by a discussion of possible implications for progress in significant areas of concern in the field.
Abstract: In an effort to move the professionalization dialogue in child and youth care toward greater concern with the quality of client service and toward move conceptually-based consideration of the content of the work, the authors propose that the field be viewed as a craft. An initial approximation of such a conceptualization as it might look through the eyes of most current workers is followed by a discussion of possible implications for progress in significant areas of concern in the field.
TL;DR: In modern Zambia, intrafemale aggression occurs at the individual and socioeconomic class levels as discussed by the authors, and both levels of aggression involve competition over the scarce resource of socially desirable men and their support.
Abstract: Theories of human aggression tend to emphasize aggression as a male phenomenon. An ecological approach to aggression implies that females ought to be aggressive when confrontation is a viable means of attaining scarce resources. In modern Zambia, intrafemale aggression occurs at the individual and socioeconomic class levels. At the individual level, aggression occurs between women for a specific man or his economic resources both within households and beyond their boundaries. At the class level, elite and poor women combine forces to victimize subelite women. Both levels of aggression involve competition over the scarce resource of socially desirable men and their support. Competition is due to the unequal access of the genders to opportunities for labor-force participation and hence different positions in the stratification system, the desire for hypergamous marriage, marital instability, changing role expectations, and the increased dependency of women on men.
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of finding a point in the intersection of a finite family of convex sets in the Euclidean space R'' is considered and a general algorithmic scheme which employs projections onto separating hyperplanes instead of projections onto the convex set is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence and optimality of a general equilibrium in a model with a finite number of locations among which the continuum of individuals (each individual belonging to one of a limited number of types) have to choose is investigated.
TL;DR: Encoded probabilities were highly correlated between the two sessions, but changed from the first to the second in a manner that improved coherence and reflected greater attention to certain parameters of the dose--response function.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of studies in Israel relating to attitudes of various ethnic, cultural and religious groups towards the disabled were reviewed. And the results indicate that although there were differences in attitudes towards disabled, these differences appear to be a function of interaction effects between many other variables and not necessarily only related to ethnic, culture, and religious affiliation.
TL;DR: In this paper, an industry energy price impact model for the hotel industry is presented. But the model is not suitable for the case of large-scale hotel chains and it is not applicable to small-scale hotels.
Abstract: (1983). An industry energy price impact model: The case of the hotel industry. Applied Economics: Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 705-714.
TL;DR: For graphs, multigraphs and pseudographs, the corresponding weights are at most about 48g, 8g + 7g and 24g−9, respectively as mentioned in this paper, and if a (multi, pseudo) graph triangulates, then its weight is at most 15.
Abstract: The weight of a graphG is the minimum sum of the two degrees of the end points of edges ofG Kotzig proved that every graph triangulating the sphere has weight at most 13, and Grunbaum and Shephard proved that every graph triangulating the torus has weight at most 15 We extend these results for graphs, multigraphs and pseudographs “triangulating” the sphere withg handlesS
g
,g≧1, showing that the corresponding weights are at most about
$$\sqrt {48g} ,8g + 7$$
and 24g−9, respectively; if a (multi, pseudo) graph triangulatesS
g
and it is big enough, then its weight is at most 15
TL;DR: Allozymic variation in proteins encoded by 29 loci was analysed electrophoretically in 364 adult specimens representing 12 populations and five species of the landsnail Sphincterochila in Israel along a north-south general transect of increasing aridity and suggests that climatic selection plays a conspicuous role in allozymics morphological differentiation into ecologically adaptive patterns.
Abstract: Allozymic variation in proteins encoded by 29 loci was analysed electrophoretically in 364 adult specimens representing 12 populations and five species of the landsnail Sphincterochila in Israel along a north-south general transect of increasing aridity. In addition, geographic variation in three morphological body variables of these snails was also studied. The results indicate that: (i) most loci (86%) are strongly polymorphic; (ii) most loci (65%) display fixation of alternative alleles either within or between species; (iii) most of the variant alleles (51%) are not widespread, and genie differentiation is very high (66%) between populations and species, indicating sharp local and regional geographic differentiation; (iv) clinal patterns are rare or nonexistent; (v) populations of Sphincterochila display average estimates of mean alleles per locus,A=1.53; polymorphism, P (5% criterion) = 0.31; heterozygosity, H=0.07; and genie diversity, He= 0.11; (vi) wide geographic variation within and between species is displayed in A= 1.18-2.07; P=0.11–0.61; H=0.02-0.15, and He = 0.042-0.22. Wright's fixation index, F, ranges from 0.03 to 0.65. (vii) Genie diversity, He, increases southwards with aridity from 0.051 to 0.145. (viii) A differential amount of variation in different functional classes of enzymes follows the Gillespie-Kojima hypothesis, (ix) Coefficients of genetic distance, D, between populations are high, D= 0.34, range 0.09-0.58, and between species, D= 0.27, range 0.12-0.40. D's within species may be higher than between species. Likewise, D's increase clinally southwards, (x) Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibria were found in several loci in some populations and species, (xi) A statistically significant (P< 0.001) amount of morphological variation of body variables exists within and between species. Size between three species increases eastwards and southwards with aridity, (xii) P, H, He, and allozymic variation in several gene loci are significantly correlated with, and predictable by, climatic variables, primarily those related to the moisture index, (xiii) Allozymic and morphological variations are partly correlated, (xiv) Significant microgeographical climatic differentiation was found in three critical tests.
The pattern of genetic variation within and between species suggests that: (a) climatic selection plays a conspicuous role in allozymic morphological differentiation into ecologically adaptive patterns; (b) the environmental variation model seems to be a good predictor of genetic variation in Sphincterochila; (c) adaptive radiation of the five species of Sphincterochila in Israel occurred during Pleistocene times in accord with climatic differentiation and apparently involved few changes of structural genes.
TL;DR: It was found that the odds of men relative to women of joining professional and managerial occupations increased between 1960 and 1970, and that this increase was dependent on the growth of tertiary industries and the greater number of women joining the cash economy.
Abstract: Sex-linked occupational differentiation has been seen as influenced by both the industrial structure of the economy and the sex composition of the labor force. Here, with a sample of 70 SMSAs, it was found (a) that the odds of men relative to women of joining professional and managerial occupations increased between 1960 and 1970, and (b) that this increase was dependent on the growth of tertiary industries and the greater number of women joining the cash economy. The observed effect of industrial shifts on sex-occupational differentiation, however, is argued to be a spurious consequence of the gender-composition of the work force. Specifically, the development of tertiary industries generates greater demand for female labor. Intensive recruitment of women to the labor force in turn increases occupational differentiation because females, in sex-typed labor markets, are likely to be channeled in disproportionate numbers away from upper-status occupations. The findings demonstrate that traditional modernization theory is unable to account for this. However, the results lend support to expectations derived from a labor market sex-segmentation approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the possibilities of adapting geometric quantization to presymplectic manifolds, i.e., differentiable manifoldsM 2n+k (k>0) endowed with a closed 2-form ω of rank2n.
Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the possibilities of adapting geometric quantization to presymplectic manifolds, i.e., differentiable manifoldsM
2n+k
(k>0) endowed with a closed 2-form ω of rank2n. We show that such an adaptation is possible in various manners, and that, as a general idea, it reduces the quantization onM to quantization on the symplectic quotientM/V, whereV is the foliation defined by the annihilator of ω.
TL;DR: The dose-related suppression of feeding by naloxone (0.25–15.0 mg/kg), either by injection before feeding, or by conditioning taste aversion (CTA), was compared, and it is suggested that nAloxone exerts a specific anorexic effect.
Abstract: The dose-related suppression of feeding by naloxone (0.25–15.0 mg/kg), either by injection before feeding, or by conditioning taste aversion (CTA), was compared. The weaker suppression found for CTA at low (below 0.75 mg/kg) and high (above 5.0 mg/kg) doses suggests that the aversive sequelae of naloxone injection cannot account fully for its suppressive effects. In turn, this suggests that naloxone exerts a specific anorexic effect.
TL;DR: In this article, a sample of 91 Israeli Arab subjects were interviewed in a structured, closed-item questionnaire about their attitudes towards former mental patients, and the results indicated the predominance of negative attitudes towards intimate relationships with such patients and towards their work potential.
Abstract: A sample of 91 Israeli Arab subjects were interviewed in a structured, closed-item questionnaire about their attitudes towards former mental patients. The results indicated the predominance of negative attitudes towards intimate relationships with such patients and towards their work potential. The respondents did not appear to have a clear idea about the dangers posed by former mental patients; this suggested a generally ambiguous attitude towards the patients and the policy of institutionalization. Educational level and religion (Moslem or Christian) were found to affect attitudes significantly, with the more highly educated and/or Christian respondents expressing less negative attitudes.
TL;DR: In this article, a methodological approach to aid in the complex process of making inferences about the meaning and usefulness of observed national differences is presented. But the authors do not discuss the use of relative position analysis in addition to score analysis.
Abstract: This article demonstrates one methodological approach to aid in the complex process of making inferences about the meaning and usefulness of observed national differences. By using data from an international study of “The Meaning of Working,” 3 points are made: 1) it is important to use multiple methods of measurement for conceptual ideas or domains; 2) it is important to use intra-country reference group comparisons; and 3) it is important to use some form of relative position analysis in addition to score analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply the small world method to examine cross-ethnic acquaintance networks in Israeli society, and find that they are impinged upon by ethnic distinction, thus rejecting the integration-through-modernization concept.
TL;DR: A procedure using worst case assumptions is developed that allows researchers to estimate the maximum effect of differential attrition, and therefore enhance the quality of their inferences, and points out the limitations of the approach.
Abstract: The differential attrition of persons from comparison groups severely restricts the inferences that can be made from results of evaluative research. This problem is particularly troublesome in the evaluation of medical technologies, such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery, since a substantial percentage of medical or control patients cross over to the surgical group. A procedure using worst case assumptions is developed that allows researchers to estimate the maximum effect of differential attrition, and therefore enhance the quality of their inferences. The article first illustrates theprocedure, then concludes with a discussion of the generality of the estimation procedure to other instances in which differential attrition is a problem, and points out the limitations of the approach.
TL;DR: It is shown that for every integer J ≧2, if the authors put the uniform distribution on the space of partitions that contain exactly J coalitions, the probability that such a partition will contain a blocking coalition for any Pareto optimal allocation is arbitrarily close to 1, as the number of individuals increases.
TL;DR: Religious group affiliation was found to be an influential factor in certain fear responses and the findings point to the need for investigating normative differences among subpopulations with FSS-like instruments.
Abstract: This study examined the community intervention practice of grouping children on the basis of religious attitudes for analysing community fear responses. The study examined the differences of responses between religious and secular school populations to the Israeli Fear Survey Schedule for Children (IFSSC), an adaptation of the Wolpe and Lang (1964) Fear Survey Schedule. 283 children from secular-trend schools in Israel. 18 of the 99 items of the IFSSC (Klingman & Wiesner, 1982) showed significant differences. The study supported the continuation of the community intervention practice of grouping children on the basis of religious attitude for analyzing IFSSC responses. Religious group affiliation was found to be an influential factor in certain fear responses. The findings point to the need for investigating normative differences among subpopulations with FSS-like instruments. Pre-knowledge and the understanding of the fear level in a community is of great value for emergency-oriented consultation during a crisis. When facing an anxiety-producing situation, the focus of primary as well as early secondary prevention is reaching individuals, as well as groups, of high psychological risk (Caplan, 1964; Klingman & Ben-Eli, 1981; Ollendick & Offman, 1982; Poser & Hartmen, 1979; Shippee, Bradford & Gregory, 1982). The utilization of appropriate classification variables enhances the ability to assess the quality and the degree of reaction to stress within a community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)