Showing papers by "University of Jordan published in 1994"
TL;DR: The data suggest that the volatile oil of R. officinalis has hyperglycemic and insulin release inhibitory effects in the rabbit.
78 citations
TL;DR: The liver was the most affected organ and the kidneys, spleen, brain, soft tissues of neck, appendix and mesentery were less frequent sites, while multiple-organ infection was seen in 23 patients.
Abstract: Of the 306 subjects studied, who had had hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus) surgically excised in Jordan, 185 (60%) were female and 121 (40%) male. The liver was the most affected organ (57·8%), followed by the lung (26·4%). The kidneys, spleen, brain, soft tissues of neck, appendix and mesentery were less frequent sites. Multiple-organ infection was seen in 23 patients (7·5%). Over a third of the cases (35·8%) was aged <21 years and the commonest occupation was housewife, followed by school student. The epidemiology of hydatidosis transmission in Jordan is discussed.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the analysis of the lithofacies association, ichnofossil content, together with the architecture of fluvial and paralic sandstone bodies, to reveal the development of the depositional environments of the Cambrian deposits of Jordan.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of land fragmentation as measured by average field size on the average cost of producing wheat in the rain-fed region of Northern Jordan was investigated and it was determined that the average variable cost of produce wheat is a decreasing function of field size.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical properties of laminated epoxy composite containing 25 layers of carbon fibers in the form of mats were investigated and the determined shielding effectiveness was dominated by the insertion loss.
Abstract: This paper reports results on the electrical properties of laminated epoxy composite containing 25 layers of carbon fibers in the form of mats. The dependence of the activation energy (calculated from DC resistivity measurements) on temperature reveals two independent conduction processes. The AC impedance is independent of the applied frequency below 75°C, and the real componet of the dielectric constant is also independent of temperature at high frequencies. The determined shielding effectiveness is dominated by the insertion loss. The observed optimum shielding effectiveness occurs at 30 mm spacing and applied frequency 9 GHz.
45 citations
TL;DR: Yields in chickpea and lentil were reduced on average by 81 % and straw yields by 63 % when fields remained weed infested until harvest compared with weed-free conditions throughout the growing season, and there were significant negative correlations between the weed dry weight and the seed or straw yields.
Abstract: Three field experiments were conducted on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and four on lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) at different winter-sown rainfed locations in Jordan from 1988/89 to 1990/91 to study the effect of the duration of weed-free and weed-infested conditions on yields and yield components of the crops. Chickpea seed yields were reduced on average by 81 % and straw yields by 63 % when fields remained weed infested until harvest compared with weed-free conditions throughout the growing season. The corresponding lentil seed and straw yield decreases were 63 % and 55 %. As the duration of weed-free period increased and the duration of weed-infested period decreased, yields increased. However, the critical period of weed interference was between 35 and 49 days after emergence in chickpea and between 49 and 56 days after emergence in lentil, when these crops were at an advanced stage of vegetative growth. There were significant negative correlations between the weed dry weight and the seed or straw yields. The reduction in seed yields in both crops because of weed interference occurred mainly through the reduced number of pods /plant, which in turn was partly the result of reduced number of secondary branches. In chickpea, some reduction also occurred through reduced 100-seed weight.
45 citations
TL;DR: This outbreak probably was caused by massive contamination of mashed potatoes by the contaminated hands of the foodhandler, and routine stool culture of foodhandlers is not cost-effective and should not be used as a substitute for health education and proper hygienic practices.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To describe an outbreak of salmonella food poisoning that probably was due to contamination of mashed potatoes by a foodhandler, which occurred despite a policy for routine surveillance stool cultures of kitchen employees. DESIGN A case control study of 223 individuals who ate the lunch meal on September 23, 1989, at the Jordan University Hospital (JUH) cafeteria. SETTING Tertiary care university hospital in Amman, the capital of Jordan. PATIENTS Individuals who developed loose stool or vomiting 6 to 72 hours after eating the lunch meal of September 23, 1989, at the JUH cafeteria. RESULTS Of 619 individuals, 183 fit the case definition (attack rate, 19.6%); 150 were employees, 26 were inpatients, and seven were visitors. Twelve other employees became sick 4 to 6 days later and probably were infected secondarily. The incubation period ranged from 16 to 72 hours in 183 instances. Symptoms included diarrhea (88%), fever (71%), abdominal pain (74%), dehydration (34%), and bloody stool (5%). Eighty-four were hospitalized. Cultures of eight food items were negative, but stool culture on 90 of 180 patients and 11 of 61 kitchen employees yielded Salmonella enteritidis group D. A cohort study of 223 individuals revealed a food-specific attack rate of 72% for the steak and potato meal and 18% for the rice and meat meal (RR, 4; CI95, 2.62 to 6.24; P < 0.01). Stratified analysis of the steak and potato meal revealed that the potatoes were implicated most strongly (RR, 1.93; CI95, 1.42 to 2.64; P < 0.01). Cultures were obtained from all kitchen employees, and 11 of 61 grew Salmonella enteritidis group D. One asymptomatic, culture-positive employee prepared the mashed potatoes on September 23. All of these employees had negative stool cultures 3 months earlier. CONCLUSION This outbreak probably was caused by massive contamination of mashed potatoes by the contaminated hands of the foodhandler. Routine stool culture of foodhandlers is not cost-effective and should not be used as a substitute for health education and proper hygienic practices.
45 citations
TL;DR: Biochemical characterization of six isolates from P. obesus showed that the jird isolates were isoenzymatically identical with two Jordanian human Leishmania isolates and reference isolates of L. major but differed from reference strains ofL.
Abstract: Rodents were collected from endemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jordan, either by flooding their burrows with water or using Sherman traps. Of the 170 jirds (Psammomys obesus) collected, 39 ...
43 citations
TL;DR: All yeast species and their biovariants were able to grow at 7°C; thus, psychrotrophic yeasts are the main cause of spoilage of traditionally produced packaged labaneh kept under refrigeration.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a reverse osmosis desalination scheme powered by a stand-alone wind energy converter (WEC) is proposed to produce fresh water from wells located in potentially high-wind sites.
33 citations
TL;DR: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism should be considered when evaluating symptoms and signs in CTD and a significant subset of CTD patients appears to be predisposed to the development of hyperthyroxinemia.
Abstract: The prevalence of thyroid function tests' abnormalities in 170 patients with various connective tissue diseases (CTD) was examined and compared to a group of 100 age- and sex-matched controls. The overall prevalence of diagnosed thyroid disease was 3.5%. Categorizing the patients into 5 "functional groups" by the concurrent thyroid function test/results showed normal thyroid function tests in 14%, isolated elevated TSH levels with normal T4 and T3 levels in 4% and findings consistent with the laboratory diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism in 3%. The "euthyroid sick syndrome" was evidenced in 54% and elevated T4 levels and/or increased or normal T3 values with normal TSH in 25%. Antimicrosomal antibodies were noted in 12 patients (7%), with the highest incidence in systemic lupus erythromatosus patients (10%). patients with mixed connective tissue disease had significantly (p < 0.0005) higher frequency of hypothyroidism, whereas patients with systemic vasculities had higher frequency of hyperthyroxinemia. In conclusion, CTD patients frequently have abnormal results of one or more of thyroid function tests. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism should be considered when evaluating symptoms and signs in CTD and a significant subset of CTD patients appears to be predisposed to the development of hyperthyroidism.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was carried out to determine the efficiencies of water use in irrigation in the Jordan Valley Project, which aimed to evaluate, the overall or project efficiency (Ep) which includes: the irrigation system efficiency, being the combined conveyance and distribution efficiency (Es); and the field application efficiency (Ea).
Abstract: A study was carried out to determine the efficiencies of water use in irrigation in the Jordan Valley Project. The study aimed to evaluate, the overall or project efficiency (Ep) which includes: the irrigation system efficiency, being the combined conveyance and distribution efficiency (Es); and the field application efficiency (Ea). Evaluation of these efficiencies includes the comparison of open canals with surface irrigation versus pressurized pipes with sprinkler or drip irrigation systems. Data was collected from different sources to achieve the above mentioned purposes, beside the field experiments which were carried out specially for this study.
TL;DR: A generalization of this inequality to larger classes of operators and norms is obtained as an immediate consequence of the operator form of the arithmetic-geometric-mean inequality as discussed by the authors, and some related inequalities are also discussed.
TL;DR: A case of struma ovarii with ascites and hydrothorax is reported, and this unusual rare association is labeled as pseudo-Meigs' Syndrome to differentiate it from conventional Meigs' syndrome in which the ovarian tumor is a fibroma.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between managerial innovation (dependent variable) and sex, age, education, organizational level, and length of service as independent variables and found that the most significant obstacles to innovation are those related to organizational climate.
Abstract: Examines the relationship between managerial innovation (dependent variable) and sex, age, education, organizational level, and length of service as independent variables. The sample of this field survey included 293 managers in the civil service in Jordan. Primary data have been collected by means of questionnaires. Among major findings of this study are: (1) Respondents gave significant level of assessment for managerial innovation. (2) There is a negative yet weak relationship between innovation and age, organizational level, and length of service. (3) There is a positive yet weak relationship between innovation and education and sex. (4) The most significant obstacles to innovation are those related to organizational climate. Recommends wide improvements in the organizational climate in the civil service in Jordan, follow‐up with up‐to‐date managerial developments, and carrying out further studies on public service.
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of trihalomethanes in drinking water from some sites in Jordan was also studied, and some treatment techniques were attempted that could be used for reducing or eliminating THMs from drinking water.
Abstract: Pure humic acid was isolated from Azraq Oasis sediments in the east of Jordan. Different concentrations of humic acid solutions, under different experimental conditions were analyzed for trihalomethanes (THMs), using different concentrations of hypochlorite ion as the chlorinating agent. The analysis of the THMs was done by capillary gas chromatography equipped with a 63Ni-electron capture detector. The presence of trihalomethanes in drinking water from some sites in Jordan was also studied, and some treatment techniques were attempted that could be used for reducing or eliminating trihalomethanes from drinking water.
TL;DR: An external surgical approach was used and the mass was removed in toto without laryngofissure and the possibility that the tumour originated from the recurrent laryngeal nerve is discussed.
Abstract: A case of schwannoma of the larynx is reported. It originated from the left ventricular fold submucosally and extended to the left side of the neck outside the larynx near the carotid sheath. It presented with stridor. CT scan showed a mass in the larynx which had fractured the left thyroid lamina and extended into the neck. An external surgical approach was used and the mass was removed in toto without laryngofissure. Left vocal fold paralysis was noticed during laryngoscopy at the time of the operation. The possibility that the tumour originated from the recurrent laryngeal nerve is discussed. Histopathological photomicrographs and a CT scan are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the development and performance of three types of concrete solar collectors made from locally available materials was investigated, and it was found that concrete solar collector with galvanized steel pipes was as good as local metallic conventional collectors with a daily efficiency as high as 40% compared with 45% for the local metallic traditional collector.
Abstract: This paper investigates the development and performance of three types of concrete solar collectors made from locally available materials. The only difference between these collectors was the flow passage materials. These passages were made from locally manufactured Galvanized Steel Pipes (GSP). Propyleneglycol (Thermopipe) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes. It was found that concrete solar collector with galvanized steel pipes was as good as local metallic conventional collectors with a daily efficiency as high as 40% compared with 45% for the local metallic conventional one. The time constants for concrete collectors investigated are much higher than metallic collectors, with the value as high as 37.4 minutes.
TL;DR: This report shows the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of young children presenting with acute Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Abstract: This is a prospective study on the use of immunoglobulins in the treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome in four children, three of whom were younger than 3 years of age. All of them were unable to walk and were still deteriorating when the treatment was started. Three patients started recovering within 24 hours, and all the patients were fully mobile within 6 weeks after receiving first dose of immunoglobulins. This report shows the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of young children presenting with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome. (J Child Neurol 1994;9:178-180).
TL;DR: The observations suggest that the effects of luteolin may be tissue‐specific and in the isolated heart they may be attributed to inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, and it is demonstrated that lutenolin has potential cardiovascular effects that merit further investigation.
Abstract: The effects of the flavone luteolin, extracted from Colchicum richii, on guinea-pig isolated ileum, pulmonary artery, trachea, atrium, perfused heart, and on blood pressure and blood flow of anaesthetized guinea-pigs were studied. Luteolin (10−5−3 × 10−4 M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of the tone of ileum, epinephrine-precontracted pulmonary artery and only mild relaxation of acetylcholine-precontracted trachea. These effects were not affected by pretreatment with 1 mM theophylline except in the ileum where theophylline shifted to the left the luteolin concentration-effect curve. Luteolin (3 × 10−6−3 × 10−4 M) caused an increase in the beating rate and the contractility of the spontaneously beating atrium and of the isolated perfused heart. Theophylline (1 mM) significantly inhibited the effects of luteolin on the atrium and the perfused heart. Luteolin, in doses of 0.3, 1.0, 1.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight had no effect on heart rate of anaesthetized guinea-pigs but caused depression of systolic and diastolic blood pressure except at the lowest dose used where there was a small increase in both parameters. Also, only the lowest dose (0.3 mg/kg) caused a small increase in blood flow. Larger doses of luteolin caused dose-related inhibition of blood flow. The effects of luteolin on blood pressure and blood flow were not affected by theophylline pretreatment (5 mg/kg). These observations suggest that the effects of luteolin may be tissue-specific and in the isolated heart they may be attributed to inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. The data further demonstrate that luteolin has potential cardiovascular effects that merit further investigation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined carbonation reactions in portland cement grout examined in the laboratory suggest high attenuation of 14C in cementitious barriers for low and intermediate-level radioactive waste repositories.
TL;DR: The relatively low pH of hoummos and the rapid growth of LAB, possibly accompanied by production of inhibitory substances, may explain the predominance of these bacteria, and could have contributed to the absence of the pathogens examined.
TL;DR: Analysis of F1, F2 and BC populations for lines derived from L. pimpinellifolium showed that resistance to TYLCV in these lines is a quantitative trait with some dominance.
Abstract: The genetics of resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were studied in TYLCV-resistant lines developed by crossing wild species of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, L. hirsutum and L. peruvianum resistant to TYLCV with susceptible L. esculentum cv. Special Back. Crosses between TYLCV-resistant lines derived from the same wild species produced progenies similar to their parents in their level of resistance. However, progenies from interspecific crosses showed greater resistance than either parent suggesting that the genes for TYLCV resistance contributed by different wild species are probably not the same (non-allelic). The gene action for TYLCV resistance also varied with the source of resistance. Analysis of F1, F2 and BC populations for lines derived from L. pimpinellifolium showed that resistance to TYLCV in these lines is a quantitative trait with some dominance.
TL;DR: Serological studies on five isolates of RYMV collected from the Ivory Coast, Sierra-Leone, Niger, Kenya, Nigeria, Kenya and Nigeria indicated that these isolates are serologically related.
Abstract: Summary
Serological studies on five isolates of RYMV collected from the Ivory Coast (IC), Sierra-Leone (SL), Niger (Nr), Kenya (K) and Nigeria (N) indicated that these isolates are serologically related. Gel double diffusion and direct ELISA tests showed that the five isolates could be arranged into three serological groups here designated RYMV-N, SL-IC and K-NR. However, the ISEM studies did not reveal any clear grouping of the heterologous isolates tested.
TL;DR: The results showed that UJ1 and ILL cultivars obtained 80 and 83% respectively of their N requirements from the atmosphere, and the indigenous strains nodulating lentils were as efficient in N-fixation as the selected inoculant strains.
Abstract: The magnitude of nitrogen fixation and the export of plant N, to the grain and straw, is important to assess the potential of lentil to contribute N to the subsequent cereal in a crop rotation. A field experiment was conducted for 2 consecutive years on a clay soil (very fine, smectitic, thermic, Typic Chromoxerert) at Moshagar, Jordan, in order to assess the effect of inoculation on biological N-fixation and yield of two lentil cultivars, and to determine their water consumption. The study included two lentil cultivars (UJ1, ILL), two rhizobial inoculants (719, 735) and one rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that UJ1 and ILL cultivars obtained 80 and 83% respectively of their N requirements from the atmosphere. The indigenous strains nodulating lentils were as efficient in N-fixation as the selected inoculant strains. Only in terms of dry matter (grain and straw), was there a significant lentil cultivar effect, UJ1 being more productive than ILL, under all conditions. The UJ1 cultivar exported more N into the grain, straw, and the whole shoot. The nitrogen harvest index was higher with the indigenous rhizobial strains under heat-stressed conditions than with the inoculant strains. Cropping the land with lentil under existing practices would deplete the soil N by 2–11 kgNha−1. Water consumption differences between lentil cultivars were insignificant and were not affected by inoculation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the first five frequency parameters of a uniform Bernoulli-Euler beam were obtained by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method in conjunction with broadly admissible base beam eigenfunctions.
TL;DR: In this paper, measured solar radiation data for Amman were analyzed and a histogram of frequencies of total clearness index indicated the likelihood of having cloudy days, clear days, and partly-cloudy days was 9·5, 12·4 and 78·1% respectively.
TL;DR: A question can be raised as to whether this method should be used in cases of juvenile angiofibroma, where one patient had tumor recurrence with disappearance of the remaining part of the tumor occurring 6 months after the ligation.
Abstract: Five cases of juvenile angiofibroma are reported. The nose and nasopharynx were involved in four cases and the nose and right maxillary sinus in one. Presenting symptoms were epistaxis and nasal blockage while two patients also had dacryocystitis and secretory otitis media. All patients had CT scans done and magnetic resonance imaging was required for two patients. Angiography with embolization of both internal maxillary arteries was performed in all patients. Biopsies were taken in three patients but no blood transfusion was needed. Tumor resection were then done, using a transpalatal approach in four cases. Ligation of the external carotid artery was carried out in one patient who had tumor recurrence with disappearance of the remaining part of the tumor occurring 6 months after the ligation. Although no conclusions can be reached from one case, a question can be raised as to whether this method should be used.
TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory scale solar pond of the dimensions 1 × 2 × 1 m has been constructed and maintained for the period 18 April-18 August 1990 and the development of temperature and salinity profiles were studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the broad range of environmental problems experienced by Jordan, including local, regional, and global, environmental threats, and recommended that future decision-making mechanisms be flexible, robust, and timely enough to be able to cope effectively and rapidly with the evergrowing environmental problems.
Abstract: Jordan faces a wide variety of environmental problems, most of which are attributable to the inherent water supply–demand imbalance. This paper has examined the broad range of environmental problems experienced by Jordan, including local, regional, and global, environmental threats. Economic costs of ignoring environmental problems are presented, with examples showing how expensive and how complicated decontamination may be. The paper then discusses current policymaking to counter the existing problems and recommended that future decision-making mechanisms be flexible, robust, and timely enough to be able to cope effectively and rapidly with the evergrowing environmental problems.In conclusion, the paper offers some suggestions for how the process of environmental policymaking may be improved and accelerated in order to cope with the wide range of environmental problems facing Jordan. The paper recommends that scientists and researchers become more involved in governmental decision-making, to be able to establish more technically-informed policies than hitherto. In addition, some type of concessional financing may be necessary from multilateral and bilateral lending organizations to assist in overcoming some of the more threatening environmental problems, such as water quality, and to provide economic impetus to a depressed economy.