Showing papers by "University of Nebraska–Lincoln published in 1968"

Energy Deposition by Electron Beams and δ Rays

Abstract: The product of two empirical relations, for the practical range and the transmission probability of normally incident electrons through plane sheets of matter, may be differentiated to yield a simple formulation of the energy deposition by electron beams, in agreement with more complex formulations and with experimental data. When combined with the $\ensuremath{\delta}$-ray distribution formula, these results provide a theory of the spatial distribution of ionization energy about the path of a rapidly moving ion, which is basic to theories of radiation damage and detection.

Zapata and the Mexican Revolution

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CI method for the study of general molecular potentials

Abstract: A method of configuration interaction designed for general molecular potentials is outlined. The technique employed to arrive at a symmetrized multideterminantal basis for such calculations relies heavily on certain properties of Abelian groups; in particular the ML quantum number commonly employed in atomic structure calculations is replaced in the general molecular case by the index p which labels irreducible representations of some appropriate Abelian group. Formation of the desired symmetrized linear combinations of determinants is thereupon accomplished solely by means of a series of simple diagonalizations, a procedure which insures both the linear independence and the orthonormality of the resultant basis set. CI treatments involving the C4H4 isomer tetrahedrane (Td point group) and the linear nitrous oxide NNO molecule are considered in some detail with a view toward illustrating the use of the techniques described herein. Finally, a survey of a series of recent calculations utilizing the CI method is made and it is concluded from these results that the effects of such treatment vary strongly from one system to another, depending in a very specific manner upon the individual characteristics of a given molecule.

The strain field interaction between vacancies in copper and aluminium

Abstract: The method of lattice statics is used to calculate the atomic configuration around a vacancy in aluminium and copper and the interaction energy between two vacancies in these metals. The model used is a harmonic discrete face-centred cubic lattice with first and second-neighbour interactions. The force constants are chosen to fit the elastic constants and phonon dispersion data for both aluminium and copper.

Culture and heterotrophy of the freshwater dinoflagellate, peridinium cinctum fa. ovoplanum lindeman(1).

Abstract: A defined minimal medium was developed for an axenic strain of Peridinium (Indiana Culture No. LB 1336). Thiamine, biotin, and vitamin B12 did not stimulate growth. Of 15 organic carbon sources tried in light, fructose, galactose, glucose, malate, malonate, and pyruvate enhanced growth but propionate retarded growth. In dark-grown cultures only media with succinate permitted growth above the survival level. Stimulation of growth by organic carbon sources was markedly pH dependent.

Optimal Control Theory Applied to Systems Described by Partial Differential Equations

Abstract: Publisher Summary The study of optimal control problems for distributed parameter systems is intimately connected to the study of partial differential equations and/or integral equations involving two or more independent variables. This chapter discusses optimal control for distributed parameter systems, and reviews algorithms for obtaining numerical solutions. Some of the simplest kinds of equations occurring in initial value problems are the parabolic equations—the heat flow or diffusion equation, the hyperbolic equations (the wave equation), and some of the equations of elasticity (the beam equation or the plate equation). The time-differential operator P may be of order one, such as in the diffusion equation, or of order two as in the wave equation or the beam equation. In cases where P is of order higher than one, the problem can be reduced to an equivalent set of first order equations with respect to time by introducing new variables. The chapter also presents the development of Green's functions from solutions of the eigenvalue-eigenfunction problem.

Leadership Techniques in the Project Organization

Abstract: Project managers, because of their inherent “authority-gap”, have developed a handful of techniques for supplementing their authority. The importance of these techniques will often vary with the do...

Digital Simulation of Synchronous Machine Transients

Abstract: When synchronous machine transients in an extensive system are to be accurately calculated, many problems arise for which the information required to resolve them is not available. The resulting accuracy will depend upon the assumptions used not only in the development of the machine model but also in the way in which the incomplete model is solved. The primary problems involve the manner in which the machine terminal relations are related to those of the system and in the handling of the various torques produced in the transient operation. The state of the art of machine analysis is now such that synchronous machine transients are fairly well understood and calculations may be reasonably comprehensive. The system representation is, however, not capable of accepting the information available from the machine with the result that a satisfactory marriage is difficult. Some of the inadequacies of large scale stability analysis as it now exists and some of the precautions and planning that should be observed before embarking upon extensive studies or in drawing conclusions from such studies are covered here, in a philosophic and general manner.

Application of the Method of Lattice Statics to Interstitial Cu Atoms in Cu

Abstract: We have calculated the lattice distortion produced by a body-centered interstitial Cu atom in a Cu host lattice. The calculations have been carried out consistently on the basis of discrete lattice theory, using the technique of lattice statics which is based on the Fourier transformation of the direct-space equilibrium equations. The force constants for the perfect lattice have been taken from measured phonon-dispersion curves, and we have used Huntington's Born-Mayer potential to describe the interaction between the interstitial atom and the atoms of the host lattice. The comparison of our results with those obtained by earlier workers, using semidiscrete matching techniques in which a continuum displacement solution is matched to the displacements of a few close neighbors of the defect, indicates that this latter technique is very unreliable. Similarly, the activation volumes estimated by semidiscrete techniques are also unreliable. We have also used the technique of lattice statics to calculate the strain-field interaction between two body-centered interstitial Cu atoms as a function of their separation. As in the case of the displacement fields, we have made these calculations for two different models which differ in the input elastic constants. For what we believe to be the most realistic of our models, we find a repulsive energy of 0.40 eV for two nearest-neighbor interstitials and a repulsive interaction of 0.0975 eV between two second-neighbor interstitials. For the same model, the calculated formation volume per interstitial is 1.12 atomic volumes.

Cereal breeding for better protein impact

Abstract: The problem of nutrition in the world is related primarily to a shortage of protein. Protein efficiency on a nutritional scale is determined by the content and balance of those amino acids that are essential for tissue synthesis and body growth. Animal proteins are nutritionally complete proteins, whereas many plant proteins are deficient in one or more essential amino acids. The major cereal food crops of the world, wheat, rice, corn and sorghum, are deficient in lysine. Each is deficient in other essential amino acids as well.

Sylvester's Problem on Collinear Points

Abstract: (1968). Sylvester's Problem on Collinear Points. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 30-34.

Projected Hartree Product Wavefunctions

Abstract: A method for performing a restricted configuration interaction calculation on atoms or molecules based on the use of Young operators from the symmetric groups is discussed and its relation to some other types of calculations is pointed out. The method in its most general form can be said to be an extension of the independent particle approach which represents the wavefunction in terms of the n best possible one‐particle orbitals for the n‐particle system. Illustrations are given for the hydrogen molecule, the helium atom, and the allyl radical.

Phospholipids of the Thiobacilli

Abstract: Phosphatidyl glycerol, disphosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were found in all of the Thiobacillus species studied T thioparus possessed only these phospholipids T intermedius, T neapolitanus, and T thiooxidans contained phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, and T novellus lipids contained phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-N-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl choline, in addition to the three phospholipids common to all of the thiobacilli Methionine was found to act as a methyl donor in the biosynthesis of the methylated forms of phosphatidyl ethanolamine Phosphatidyl inositol was not detected in any of the organisms Changing the nutrient medium did not result in a qualitative change in the phospholipid spectrum of the cultures

Effects of maternal deprivation and incubator rearing on adrenocortical activity in the adult rat

Abstract: Rats were reared during the first 3 weeks of life in a group or singly, with the mother rat or in an incubator with no maternal contact. Variations in early experience were assessed in terms of adrenal steroid functioning when the animals were 1-yr old. Whether they were reared in a group or individually, incubator-reared animals were found to have significantly higher basal and stress levels of plasma corticosterone. In addition, their corticosterone response to stress was greater regardless of initial levels.

Crambe seed processing. Improved feed meal by soda ash treatment.

Abstract: Crambe seed, like rapeseed, is characterized by having thioglucosides and perhaps other antigrowth factors that diminish feed value and palatability. A soda ash cooking process was developed that modifies the thioglucosides in crambe meal and significantly improves its feeding value. Destruction of the undesirable thioglucoside fraction of the meal was demonstrated, not only by paper Chromatographic changes but also by negative results in tests which were based on conversion of the thioglucoside to thiooxazolidone. Sodium carbonate, added at a level of 1.4% (whole seed basis), destroys both the goitrin precursor,epi-progoitrin thioglucoside, and the ultraviolet-absorbing compounds in the meal, at least one of which is associated with bitterness. Animal-feeding tests demonstrated the improved palatability and nutritional quality of the meal.

Energy Spectra of Auto-Ionizing Electrons in Oxygen

Abstract: Experimental and theoretical data are presented showing the energy spectra of auto-ionizing electrons from atomic oxygen. The experimental data were obtained by bombarding oxygen gas with 100-keV ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ ions; the theoretical results were obtained in a close-coupling calculation which coupled the $^{4}S$, $^{2}D$, and $^{2}P$ terms of the ground-state configuration of ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ in electron-${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ scattering.