Showing papers by "University of Pamplona published in 2018"

The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America

Abstract: Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by the encapsulated yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, acquired from the environment. In Latin America, as occurring worldwide, C. neoformans causes more than 90% of the cases of cryptococcosis, affecting predominantly patients with HIV, while C. gattii generally affects otherwise healthy individuals. In this region, cryptococcal meningitis is the most common presentation, with amphotericin B and fluconazole being the antifungal drugs of choice. Avian droppings are the predominant environmental reservoir of C. neoformans, while C. gattii is associated with several arboreal species. Importantly, C. gattii has a high prevalence in Latin America and has been proposed to be the likely origin of some C. gattii populations in North America. Thus, in the recent years, significant progress has been made with the study of the basic biology and laboratory identification of cryptococcal strains, in understanding their ecology, population genetics, host-pathogen interactions, and the clinical epidemiology of this important mycosis in Latin America.

Malicious Node Detection in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) provide effective vehicular operation for safety as well as greener and more efficient communication of vehicles in the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DRSC). The dynamic nature of the vehicular network topology has posed many security challenges for effective communication among vehicles. Consequently, models have been applied in the literature to checkmate the security issues in the vehicular networks. Existing models lack flexibility and sufficient functionality in capturing the dynamic behaviors of malicious nodes in the highly volatile vehicular communication systems. Given that existing models have failed to meet up with the challenges involved in vehicular network topology, it has become imperative to adopt complementary measures to tackle the security issues in the system. The approach of trust model with respect to Machine/Deep Learning (ML/DL) is proposed in the paper due to the gap in the area of network security by the existing models. The proposed model is to provide a data-driven approach in solving the security challenges in dynamic networks. This model goes beyond the existing works conceptually by modeling trust as a classification process and the extraction of relevant features using a hybrid model like Bayesian Neural Network that combines deep learning with probabilistic modeling for intelligent decision and effective generalization in trust computation of honest and dishonest nodes in the network.

Exhaled breath analysis for gastric cancer diagnosis in Colombian patients.

Abstract: // Cristhian Manuel Duran-Acevedo 1, * , Aylen Lisset Jaimes-Mogollon 1, * , Oscar Eduardo Gualdron-Guerrero 1, * , Tesfalem Geremariam Welearegay 2, * , Julian David Martinez-Marin 3, 4 , Juan Martin Caceres-Tarazona 1 , Zayda Constanza Sanchez-Acevedo 1 , Kelvin de Jesus Beleno-Saenz 5 , Umut Cindemir 6, 7 , Lars Osterlund 6, 7 and Radu Ionescu 2 1 Multisensor System and Pattern Recognition Research Group (GISM), Electronic Engineering Program, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia 2 Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain 3 GASTROSUR S.A., Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Bogota, Colombia 4 Hospital Universitario la Samaritana, Bogota, Colombia 5 Mechatronics Engineering Department, Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia 6 Molecular Fingerprint Sweden AB, Uppsala, Sweden 7 Department of Solid State Physics, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden * These authors have contributed equally to the work Correspondence to: Cristhian Manuel Duran-Acevedo, email: cristhianmanuel@gmail.com Radu Ionescu, email: radu.ionescu@urv.cat Keywords: gastric cancer; breath analysis; volatile organic compounds; biomarkers; chemical gas sensor Received: September 18, 2017 Accepted: February 28, 2018 Published: June 22, 2018 ABSTRACT We present here the first study that directly correlates gastric cancer (GC) with specific biomarkers in the exhaled breath composition on a South American population, which registers one of the highest global incidence rates of gastric affections. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel solid state sensor that predicts correct GC diagnosis with 97% accuracy. Alveolar breath samples of 30 volunteers (patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and a controls group formed of patients diagnosed with other gastric diseases) were collected and analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and with an innovative chemical gas sensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) functionalized with octadecylamine ligands. Our GC-MS analyses identified 6 volatile organic compounds that showed statistically significant differences between the cancer patients and the controls group. These compounds were different from those identified in previous studied performed on other populations with high incidence rates of this malady, such as China (representative for Eastern Asia region) and Latvia (representative for Baltic States), attributable to lifestyle, alimentation and genetics differences. A classification model based on principal component analysis of our sensor data responses to the breath samples yielded 97% accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Our results suggest a new and non-intrusive methodology for early diagnosis of gastric cancer that may be deployed in regions lacking well-developed health care systems as a prediagnosis test for selecting the patients that should undergo deeper investigations ( e.g. , endoscopy and biopsy).

Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning.

Abstract: Porcine tonsils are lympho-epithelial tissues, colonized by numerous bacteria and viruses, that act as a reservoir for both host-specific pathogens and zoonotic pathogens with a high potential of transmission to humans. There are no existing studies describing the development of the tonsillar microbiome. We sequenced 16S rRNA genes from tonsillar samples of pigs to follow the development of the microbial communities from birth through weaning. Samples derived from sows were also analyzed to determine potential sources for the tonsil microbiome in piglets. The composition of the newborn piglet tonsil microbiome could be differentiated by litter and had strong similarity to the sow teat skin as well as sow vaginal microbiome. The tonsil microbiome in these young piglets was mainly dominated by members of the Pasteurellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families, while there were some transient members of the microbiome that were abundant at specific times, such as Staphylococcaceae in newborns and Fusobacteriaceae and Leptotrichiaceae in weeks 2 and 3. The microbiome initially differed between litters but over the following 3 weeks the communities of different litters converged in composition and then diverged in week 4 due to a combination of changes and stresses associated with weaning, including a shift from milk to a solid diet, in-feed Carbadox® and room change. A significant portion of the tonsil microbiome was acquired either at birth from the sow vaginal tract or within a few hours post-birth from the sow teat skin. Our data demonstrate a temporal succession in the development of the pig tonsillar microbiome through the first weeks of life, with a convergence in the composition of the microbiome in all piglets by 3 weeks of age. The combination of management practices associated with weaning coincided with dramatic shifts in the tonsillar microbiome.

Cryptococcosis in Colombia: Compilation and Analysis of Data from Laboratory-Based Surveillance.

Abstract: The passive and voluntary surveillance of cryptococcosis in Colombia since 1997 has seen an increasing participating rate, revealing its importance to both in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent people. The present work details the national data gathered in 1997–2016, through a retrospective analysis of the information collected in the survey. From a total of 1974 cases reported, an overall incidence of 0.23 cases per 100,000 people was found. This incidence rose to 1.1 cases per 1000 people in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) population. Cryptococcosis was most common in male young adults (26–40 years), with a male:female ratio of 3.9:1 in the general population and 5.4:1 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients. Culture was the most common form of diagnosis in 96.3% of cases, recovering C. neoformans species in 87.5% and C. gattii in 3.1% of samples. VNI was the most prevalent (96.1%) molecular type, while VGII predominated in C. gattii isolates (54.3%). Early mortality was reported as the outcome in 47.5% of patients. Cryptococcosis remains an important opportunistic disease in Colombia and is gaining status as a primary pathogen in apparently immunocompetent patients. Our findings show the importance of including cryptococcosis as a notifiable disease, which will allow for improving opportune diagnosis and treatment, resulting in better patient outcomes.

Development of the Tonsil Microbiome in Pigs and Effects of Stress on the Microbiome.

Abstract: Tonsils, lympho-epithelial tissues located at the junction of the oropharynx and nasopharynx, play a key role in surveillance, colonization, and persistence of inhaled and ingested pathogens. In pigs, the tonsils are a reservoir for numerous bacteria and viruses, including host-specific pathogens and potential zoonotic pathogens as well as commensal organisms. However, there are no in depth studies of the development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs, or any mammal, over time. The goal of this study was to follow the development of the tonsil microbiome in healthy pigs from birth to market weight. Samples were collected using tonsil brushes from 16 piglets (4 each from 4 sows) at newborn, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of age, and from 8 of those piglets at 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 19 weeks of age. Bacterial DNA was isolated from each sample and 16S rDNA genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that members of the Streptococcaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Moraxellaceae were present at all time points and represent the three most abundant families identified. Other community members appeared transiently or increased or decreased significantly with disruption events or stress. We observed four significant shifts in the tonsil community that coincided with well-defined disruption events: weaning plus addition of Carbadox plus movement to the nursery at week 3, removal of Carbadox and addition of Tylan at week 5, removal of Tylan and habitat change at week 9, and habitat change at week 16. Weaning triggered a bloom of Streptococcaeae and decrease of Moraxellaceae. The shift from Carbadox to Tylan led to reduction in Proteobacteria and Streptococcaceae but an increase in other Firmicutes, accompanied by a dramatic increase in community richness. Cessation of Tylan coincided with a return to a less rich community, and a bloom in Clostridiales. The final shift in habitat was accompanied by a decrease in Clostridiales and increase in Proteobacteria. The tonsillar microbiome of older pigs resembled the previously described mature core tonsillar microbiome. This study demonstrates a temporal succession in the development of the pig tonsillar microbiome, and significant community shifts that correlate with disruption events.

Comparative study of the mechanical and vibratory properties of a composite reinforced with fique fibers versus a composite with E-glass fibers

Abstract: En la presente investigacion se compararon las propiedades vibratorias mecanicas y dinamicas entre un compuesto reforzado con fibras y un compuesto con fibras de vidrio - E. Los materiales se fabricaron a traves de una tecnica de fabricacion de infusion al vacio utilizando una resina bioepoxi. Las propiedades mecanicas se obtuvieron por ensayos de traccion segun las normas ASTM para cada configuracion. Los resultados demostraron valores mas altos en rigidez y resistencia para el compuesto con fibra de vidrio - E. Se utilizo el analisis modal experimental para el estudio vibratorio dinamico, obteniendo conductas muy similares para cada material. La interfaz entre los materiales se estudio mediante microscopia electronica de barrido, en la que se evidencio una baja adhesion entre la fibra natural y la resina; que afecta las propiedades mecanicas y dinamicas del compuesto fique en comparacion con el compuesto de vidrio - E.

Design of microphone phased arrays for acoustic beamforming

Abstract: The design of a microphone array affects the performance of beamforming algorithms in the localization and evaluation of acoustic noise sources. This paper addresses a circular phased array design for near-field aeroacoustic measurements in a closed-test-section wind tunnel. Microphones were distributed in rings and occupied an equal aperture area—each ring could have a different number of microphones. The array performance was evaluated through the dynamic range and array resolution given by the beamwidth. The array designed for the exploration of the novel approach had 112 microphones and 950-mm aperture. In comparison with classical designs, also optimized for the same number of microphones and aperture, the approach provided the best array resolution and a high dynamic range level almost uniform over the frequency range of interest (800 to 20,000 Hz). Microphone shading was also assessed for improving the array performance, and the employment of only the outermost microphones (the innermost ones were shaded) reduced approximately 40% the array beamwidth.

Dynamics of the Indices NDVI and GNDVI in a Rice Growing in Its Reproduction Phase from Multi-spectral Aerial Images Taken by Drones

Abstract: In this study, the dynamics of two vegetation indices, the normalized differential vegetative index (NDVI) and the variant of the NDVI that uses the green band (GNDVI) in a rice growing of the variety fedearroz 2000 in reproduction phase, are analyzed. These indices were calculated through the geoprocessing of multi-spectral aerial images taken by a drone or UAVs, with the aim of identifying which zones of the crops are under stress, healthy or dense. The rice growing had an area of approximately 4,1 hectares and its location corresponds to the farm El Faro in the footpath Campo Hermoso within the municipal district of San Jose de Cucuta – Norte de Santander. For this research, two flights were carried out, one at the beginning of the reproduction phase dated September 4th 2016 and the second one at the end corresponding to October 8th 2016; these flights were performed with a Iris+ 3DR drone, a canon S100 camera was implemented as a catch images sensor converted into NDVI by using a NGB filter (Near infrared, Green and Blue). As a result, 4 mosaics are shown, one NDVI and one GNDVI on September 4th 2016 and one NDVI and one GNDVI on October 8th 2016, each one of them were classified according to the characteristics observed in field in zones under stress or with low development, healthy and dense zones. Finally, a NDVI dynamic analysis was completed.

Food habits of puma (Puma concolor) in the Andean areas and the buffer zone of the Tamá National Natural Park, Colombia

Abstract: Although the puma ( Puma concolor ) is the second largest feline in America and has a wide distribution both on the continent and in Colombia, information on food habits in many areas of the Neotropics is still incomplete For Colombia this information is still incipient Here, based on a systematic sampling we documented the feeding habits of the species through a scats analysis collected in the Tama National Natural Park, north of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes The scats analysis (n = 45) suggests at least 8 species of small to medium mammals as potential prey species for puma in high altitudes, consistent with the feeding patterns reported in other areas Of these, three species were the most frequent and those who contribute altogether to the 6787% of the biomass consumed by the species, Nasau nasua , Mazama rufina and Cuniculus taczanowskii This last species is a new record in the diet for the puma No large species nor domestic species were recorded as part of the diet of the species for the study area This work, being the first study carried out in northern of Colombia and the second one on the puma's feeding patterns within a protected area, highlights the importance of knowing even more about these ecological aspects in order to generate better conservation strategies for the species, especially for this top predator of great importance for the ecosystems dynamics and stability in the country

Fortalecimiento del pensamiento variacional a través de una intervención mediada con TIC en estudiantes de grado noveno

Abstract: This article reports the findings of a qualitative study done within the Mathematics field focused on the development of the variational thinking in ninth grade students (14 to 17 years old) through the use of didactic sequences for this purpose and mediated through ICT. This research was carried out in three phases: First, an initial diagnosis that aimed to identify the level of pre-knowledge in arithmetic and variational thinking based on the indicators established in the knowledge test. Then, an intervention was made by designing didactic sequences which were adapted to the institutional mathematics curriculum, including learning activities towards the analysis of some variation and change cases. Lastly, a final diagnosis evaluated the level reached by the group of students. The analysis of the results allows us to conclude that the intervention generated meaningful changes within the group of participants related to their variational thinking.

Stability of long combination vehicles

Abstract: In general, long combination vehicles (LCVs) show poor performance with regard to stability, and this has been the focus of many studies around the world. Some characteristics such as the suspension topology, tyres, chassis and fifth wheel have been analysed, separately, to determine their influence on the vehicle stability calculation. Most vehicle stability models are developed in two dimensions, and they do not consider the longitudinal aspects of the vehicle and the road such as the stiffness of the chassis, the gravity centre location and the longitudinal slope angle of the road. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional mechanism model of the trailer to represent all of these characteristics and their influence on the lateral stability.

Niveles de sedentarismo en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado en Colombia

Abstract: RESUMEN Introduccion: En la actualidad, el sedentarismo es un comportamiento relacionado con multiples enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Este comportamiento cada dia se hace mas prevalentes entre adolescentes y personas jovenes como consecuencia del estilo de vida moderno. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de sedentarismo en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado. Metodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo transversal en estudiantes pertenecientes a la facultad de salud de la Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia, con matricula activa durante el primer periodo academico de 2016. Participaron 346 alumnos que aceptaron de forma voluntaria responder el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Fisica para Adultos version corta, aparentemente sanos y sin diagnostico de enfermedad o discapacidad que le impidiera realizar actividad fisica regular. La edad promedio del grupo era de 18,9 anos Resultados: La prevalencia de sedentarismo en la muestra fue de 42,77 %. Los estudiantes del departamento de medicina fueron los mas activos fisicamente y los estudiantes de enfermeria los mas sedentarios. No se observo diferencia entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: El nivel de sedentarismo encontrado en este estudio es alto. Es necesario implementar nuevas estrategias que animen a las personas a desarrollar estilos de vida mas saludables.

Machine learning-based recommendation trust model for machine-to-machine communication

Abstract: The Machine Type Communication Devices (MTCDs) are usually based on Internet Protocol (IP), which can cause billions of connected objects to be part of the Internet. The enormous amount of data coming from these devices are quite heterogeneous in nature, which can lead to security issues, such as injection attacks, ballot stuffing, and bad mouthing. Consequently, this work considers machine learning trust evaluation as an effective and accurate option for solving the issues associate with security threats. In this paper, a comparative analysis is carried out with five different machine learning approaches: Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Linear and Radial Support Vector Machine (SVM), KNearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF). As a critical element of the research, the recommendations consider different Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication nodes with regard to their ability to identify malicious and honest information. To validate the performances of these models, two trust computation measures were used: Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROCs), Precision and Recall. The malicious data was formulated in Matlab. A scenario was created where 50% of the information were modified to be malicious. The malicious nodes were varied in the ranges of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and the results were carefully analyzed.

Monitoreo de variables meteorológicas a través de un sistema inalámbrico de adquisición de datos

Abstract: In this article we present the development of a system for the wireless monitoring of climatic variables. The design was made from microchip microcontrollers, which perform the acquisition, storage and wireless transmission of digital signals. Likewise, the microcontroller uses a clock in real time to know the date and time of acquisition of the samples. The hardware also has five channels for connecting sensors and a Micro SD memory for storage of data, along with a Wi-Fi module for wireless monitoring of variables. The information is uploaded to a server that hosts the web page, designed to view the data from any computer with an internet connection. Additionally, an Android application was developed that allows data to be viewed from mobile devices with that operating system. The performance of the system was satisfactory, after comparing the data acquired with those of two commercial meteorological stations, which served as a pattern. It is concluded that microcontrollers continue to be adequate devices to implement data acquisition systems, which when combined with customized applications, provide competitive solutions at a reasonable cost.

El cultivo de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.)

Abstract: La uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.), es una planta herbacea que tiene una amplia distribucion en america del sur, actualmente se cultiva en Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, California, Sudafrica, Kenia, Egipto, el Caribe, Asia, Hawai y Costa Rica. Colombia se ha situado como el mayor productor y exportador a nivel mundial lo que hace que el cultivo de la uchuva se destaque como un potencial de desarrollo promisorio para las diferentes regiones productoras del pais, esto se debe a los excelentes precios del mercado extranjero y la viabilidad de la fruta en pos cosecha. La uchuva es un cultivo que requiere labores agronomicas tales como la poda, fertilizacion, tutorado, y ademas de esto condiciones ambientales determinadas para su optimo desarrollo. Los distintos derivados de esta baya se comercializan con facilidad ademas de todos los beneficios que aportan al cuerpo. Palabras clave: Cultivo, uchuva, exportacion, labores agronomicas. ABSTRACT The gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), is an herbaceous plant that has a wide distribution. It is currently cultivated in Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, California, South Africa, Australia, Kenya, India, Egypt, the Caribbean, Asia, Hawaii and Costa Rica. Colombia has been situated as the largest producer and exporter worldwide, which makes the cultivation of gooseberry, stands out as a promising development potential for the different producing regions of the country, this is due to the foreign excellent market prices and the viability of the fruit in POS harvest. The gooseberry is a crop that requires agronomic work such as pruning, fertilization, tutoring, and in addition, environmental conditions for its optimal development. The different derivatives of this berry are easily marketed to all the benefits they give to the body. Key Words: Cultivation, gooseberry, exportation, agronomic work

Model development for the design of an anaerobic upflow filter separated in two and three phases

Abstract: In this study, the development of models for the design of an anaerobic upflow filters separated into two and three phases are presented, DI-FAFS and TRI-FAFS. Both reactors have been evaluated in the COD removal performance on a total of 54 tests. The experimentalfactors are the volumetric organic load, the temperature and the depth relationship between two consective phases. The conceptual modelis based on equations derived from a mass balance under stationary conditions dS/dt = 0 and advectives dS/dZ ≠ 0; eight equationsapplicable to the DI-FAFS and TRI-FAFS reactors; four equations for each reactor.The equations to obtain the parameters of degradationof organic matter were compared with bibliographic references. Two models were selected and proposed, after adjusted to observationswith R2 adjusted greater than 0.7 and with standard errors of estimation and the absolute average error in the minimum values.

Degradación anormal de p53 e inducción de apoptosis en la red p53-mdm2 usando la estrategia de control tipo pin

Abstract: Este articulo presenta el control tipo “PIN” para regular la actividad de la red p53-Mdm2. Esta red considera la degradacion de p53 mediada por el incremento de Mdm2, el cual perturba la respuesta de estres normal de p53. El modelo considera tres proteinas: p53, Mdm2 y ARF. p53 es regulado a traves de un ciclo de retroalimentacion que involucra su gen objetivo Mdm2 y un regulador indirecto ARF. Se presentan dos escenarios. Para el primer escenario, la red responde a un incremento de Mdm2 y una baja regulacion de p53 sin ninguna entrada externa; luego, en el segundo escenario apoptosis es inducido por el control tipo “PIN”. El comportamiento dinamico de la red y la efectividad del controlador propuesto son ilustrados via simulaciones.

Estudio de los sistemas silvopastoriles como alternativa para el manejo sostenible de la ganadería

Abstract: Silvopastoral systems are seen as a feasible solution for livestock with a focus on sustainability, particularly because they contribute to food security, by generating food products, jobs and income. However, livestock has also generated negative impacts on the environment, such as soil compaction, detriment of biodiversity, deforestation, pollution of water sources and emission of greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change, this being one of the most worrisome environmental problems, since it harms all living beings on the planet. For this reason, it is essential to delve into the issue of silvopastoral systems, their types, advantages and disadvantages to present them as an alternative solution that contributes to mitigate the livestock effect on the environment, representing a viable option for its conservation and adaptation to climate change; this is achieved by allowing the intensification of livestock production through the optimization and rational use of natural resources.

Stability of Heavy Articulated Vehicles: Effect of Load Distribution

Abstract: In this paper, the influence of load distribution on the stability of heavy articulated vehicles is analyzed. In general, heavy articulated vehicles have low performance with respect to stability analysis, being the focus of many studies in literature. Several characteristics of the vehicles have been analyzed to determine their influence on the vehicle stability calculation; however, load distribution is rarely analyzed. To conduct this research, the Davies method is used to obtain the static of the mechanism that represent the last trailer of the vehicle. Using this method, the longitudinal, lateral and vertical displacements of the center of gravity (CG) are investigated, and a sensitivity analysis is made. Finally, a numerical case study is showed and the results of this study demonstrate that the load distribution has important role on the static rollover threshold (SRT) calculation.

Ultrasonido en el procesamiento (homogenización, extracción y secado) de alimentos

Abstract: En los ultimos anos el uso del ultrasonido en el procesamiento de los alimentos se ha incrementado debido a las ventajas que presenta sobre los procesos convencionales por la reduccion de tiempos y temperatura, mezclado efectivo, aumento de la transferencia de masa y energia, la reduccion de los gradientes termicos y de concentracion, extraccion selectiva, una respuesta mas rapida al control de procesos de extraccion, aumento de la tasa de produccion, eliminacion de microorganismos y enzimas sin destruir los nutrientes de los alimentos. Ademas, de considerarse una tecnologia limpia, aplicable en las diferentes fases del procesamiento de alimentos como: secado, homogeneizacion y extraccion. El ultrasonido de baja potencia (alta frecuencia) se utiliza para el seguimiento de la composicion y propiedades fisicoquimicas de los componentes del alimento y el de alta potencia (baja frecuencia) induce cambios mecanicos, fisicos quimicos y bioquimicos por accion de la cavitacion, que soporta muchas operaciones de procesamiento de alimentos. Esta revision resume la aplicacion del ultrasonido en el procesamiento de homogenizacion, extraccion y secado en alimentos, con el fin de conocer los aspectos generales: definicion, mecanismos, efectos; aplicaciones y futuras tendencias de aplicacion en la industria alimentaria.

Evaluation of municipal solid waste by means of life cycle assessment: case study in the south-western region of the department of norte de santander, colombia

Abstract: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the environmental impact generated by municipal solid waste during its collection, transportation, treatment and processing in the south-west region of the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Three strategies for waste management were considered: the current baseline situation, wherein 100% solid waste was taken to the landfill; plus an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario in which solid waste is properly and moderately recycled, respectively. The results show that approximately 72% was organic waste, out of which 40% corresponded to organic material. Twenty seven percent corresponded to inorganic materials such as plastics, metal, glass, rubber and leather. In comparing waste management in the three proposed scenarios in terms of global warming, the optimistic scenario was the greenest one due to better Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) recycling and usage, since it prevents the emission of 460 Kg CO 2Eq inhab year. Finally, to achieve the reuse and recycling of waste, we propose the creation of small businesses which can improve people's socio economic conditions. This will undoubtedly become a source of employment for many families in the community. Acceptance of composting is still low in the region because most farmers in rural areas show psychological resistance to products derived from waste, thus being more responsive to fertilizers. Finally, there is no doubt that LCA is definitely a methodology that helps decision making towards finding more sustainable solutions and hence is a good tool for improving environmental sustainability performance within the Municipal Solid Waste of the rural areas.

Quality of peach fruits Jarillo cv. (Prunus persica L.) in Pamplona, Colombia

Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of peach fruits Jarillo cv., produced under the conditions of altitude tropical climate in three locations: Pamplona, Chitaga and Pamplonita, in Northern Santander, Colombia. Ten trees were sampled by the conditioned latin hypercube method and eight growing fruits with physiological state of maturity were selected. By means of a profile analysis, the hypotheses of parallelism, coincidence and horizontality of quality variables in the complete measurement interval were tested, and in some segments of the interval, some patterns from the graphic point of view were found. A radial diagram was made to study the development of fruit color at each thermal level. When the quotient between longitudinal diameter and equatorial diameter tends to 1 to the left, the highest weight values are reached, highlighting the lowest elevation level, with weights around 150 g. The profile analysis showed, regarding quality variables, that there was a significant interaction between evaluation time and altitude level. The results show that the prevailing climatic conditions affect the physicochemical characteristics of fruits during the growth process until maturation.

A morphological database for 606 Colombian bird species.

Abstract: Colombia is the country with the highest bird diversity in the world. Despite active research in ornithology, compelling morphological information of most bird species is still sparse. However, morphological information is the baseline to understand how species respond to environmental variation and how ecosystems respond to species loss. As part of a national initiative, the Instituto Alexander von Humboldt in collaboration with 12 Colombian institutions and seven biological collections

Molecular identification and genetic diversity of Lutzomyia gomezi (Diptera: Psychodidae) using DNAbarcodes in Cordoba, Colombia.

Abstract: Lutzomyia gomezi, a suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia is recorded for natural infection of Leishmania parasites, its anthrophilic behaviour and significant abundance supports its vectorial role. The difficulties associated with taxonomic identification due to lack of males require the use of molecular markers (DNA barcodes), which allows us to distinguish the species. In this study, the cytochrome oxidase I fragment was proposed as DNA barcode to identify specimens collected from Cordoba, Colombia (Planeta Rica: Arenoso/ Centro Alegre, Sahagun: Santiago Abajo/San Andresito) by using protocols for DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing. These sequences allowed for testing the genetic diversity, genetic distance, population structure and gene flow. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with sequences registered in Genbank for this and related species such as Lutzomyia lichyi, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia bifoliata. In total, 24 PCR products were sequenced, resulting in an alignment of 677 nt in length, and 9 haplotypes were identified for L. gomezi. Values for polymorphic sites, haplotype and nucleotide diversity were high for specimens belonging to Sahagun and Planeta Rica. The genetic distances (TN93) and localities studied were significant (0,011-0,024), FST evidenced with mild and significant structure (0,10-0,52) and limited genetic flow (Nm=0,45-24,5). The phylogenetic analysis showns three lineages with significant distances (0,026-0,48) and sympatric between haplotypes from different zones; however, the limited sampling size and the absence of specimens belonging to other Colombian geographic areas implied more lineages. The DNA barcode methodology can answer questions about phylogeography, vector competence and genetic structuration between populations using a common marker for the scientific community.

Highway designs: effects of heavy vehicles stability

Abstract: From the perspective of heavy vehicles stability, some criteria of stability should be adhered to highway designs. In particular, the relationship between minimum radius, superelevation, slope angle, side friction, and design speed should be re-evaluated. In this regard, the static rollover threshold ( SRT ) is one of the most important factors used to define the stability of vehicles. This factor is highly dependent on the maximum lateral acceleration ( a y ) of a vehicle until it reaches the rollover threshold. This acceleration in turn is dependent on the vehicle speed and the radius of curvature. Taking into account the stability of vehicles, in this study the highways design is evaluated and compared with the classic design criterion. This study also suggests that in order to ensure driving safety, the State Highway Agencies should make a reevaluation of existing speed limits and the design of highway curves.

Uso del ensilaje de pulpa de café en alimentación animal

Abstract: The interest in the study of crop residues and post-harvest coffee is the result of the analysis of a number of factors such as the need to identify new food alternatives for animal use. The use of coffee pulp has been the subject of many studies in which it is concluded that coffee residues and by-products can be used in various ways in animal feed, thus offering environmentally sustainable management in the agroindustry of this grain. The objective of this review is to show the benefits and restrictions of the use of silage coffee pulp as a nutritional, economic and environmental alternative in livestock production. The coffee benefit process begins with the harvest of the grain in the field and ends with its drying.Mundo Fesc, 15 (1) (2018), 73-82, Enero/Junio 2018, ISSN 2216-0353 (impreso) - 2216-0388 (Online)74During these stages, coffee pulp is obtained as a by-product, which becomes a food option for livestock production systems, where it is sought to reduce production costs due to the dependence on commercial foods. One way to take advantage of this by-product is through silage, which thanks to fermentation reduces the presence of some undesirable substances such as caffeine and polyphenols that in high concentrations can affect the welfare of animals. In milk ruminants, it can be included in a range of 20 to 40% of the balanced feed without affecting the productive indicators, and for fattening animals up to 15%. In monogastric, you can include 30% in fish, poultry and pigs up to 15%. In this way, it is concluded that the incorporation of coffee pulp in animal feed is an economical, productive and environmentally viable alternative that leads to the sustainability of the livestock business.Key words: Nutritional alternative, coffee production, production costs, monogastric, ruminants.

Aplicación de herramientas de la comunicación y sistemas de comunicación en el lenguaje

Abstract: INTRODUCCION: Esta investigacion establece la necesidad de analizar la forma del lenguaje referente a la fonetica, la fonologia y la comunicacion desde los procesos de comprension y expresion, debido a las alteraciones comunicativas que afectan la produccion del lenguaje, implementando en la intervencion fonoaudiologica las herramientas disenadas previamente y evaluando su uso o si se requieren variaciones a los disenos. METODOS: Se establece un tipo de metodologia cuasi experimental donde a traves de la aplicacion de la tecnologia blanda con la terapeutica se realizara una comparacion de la efectividad de la aplicacion de la herramienta en poblacion con trastornos de la comunicacion y trastorno especifico en la fonetica y la fonologia. Presentando 3 fases en las cuales se realizan procesos de evaluacion, caracterizacion y validacion. RESULTADOS: Se presentan los hallazgos cualitativos y cuantitativos de la revision sistematica y los resultados de cada fase de la metodologia, evaluacion, caracterizacion y validacion de las estrategias con las respectivas intervenciones de cada sujeto. ANALISIS Y DISCUSION: El planteamiento de la implementacion de sistemas de CAA en sujetos permiten funciones de representacion y sirven para llevar a cabo actos de comunicacion y elocucion, de acuerdo a las indagaciones teoricas se comprueba que el uso de herramientas tecnologicas facilitan los procesos de integracion del lenguaje de acuerdo al componente que se trabaje. CONCLUSIONES: De acuerdo a las intervenciones y la informacion existente se comprueba y resalta la importancia del uso de estrategias tecnologicas en la intervencion de los trastornos del lenguaje.

Clima social familiar e impacto en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes

Abstract: Resumen La investigacion que se presenta tuvo como objetivo principal establecer la relacion existente entre el clima social familiar y el rendimiento academico en un grupo de estudiantes de una institucion publica y una privada de la ciudad de Bogota. Para la realizacion de este estudio se trabajo la metodologia cuantitativa con un diseno trasversal, donde se evaluaron a 49 estudiantes, de ambos generos, entre edades de 13 a 17 anos que cursan octavo grado, a quienes se les aplico la escala de clima social y familiar de Moos. Los resultados de la investigacion arrojaron que en ninguna de las instituciones se esta presentando un grado de asociacion entre el rendimiento academico y el clima social familiar, sin embargo, en la discusion se citan otros posibles factores a tener en cuenta en la investigacion. Palabras clave: clima social familiar, familia, rendimiento academico Abstract The main objective of the research presented was to establish the relationship between the family social climate and academic performance in a group of students from a public institution and a private one from the city of Bogota. To carry out this study, the quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional design was used, where 49 students of both genders were evaluated, between the ages of 13 and 17 who are in the eighth grade, to whom the social climate scale was applied. family of Moos. The results of the investigation showed that in none of the institutions is a degree of association between academic performance and the family social climate being presented, however, in the discussion other possible factors to be considered in the research are cited. Keywords: family social climate, family, academic performance Resumo O objetivo principal da pesquisa apresentada foi estabelecer a relacao entre o clima social familiar e o desempenho academico em um grupo de estudantes de uma instituicao publica e um particular da cidade de Bogota. Para realizar este estudo, trabalhamos na metodologia quantitativa, com delineamento transversal, onde foram avaliados 49 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 13 e 17 anos, da oitava serie, aos quais foi aplicada a escala climatica social e familiar. de Moos. Os resultados da investigacao mostraram que em nenhuma das instituicoes existe um grau de associacao entre o desempenho academico e o clima social familiar apresentado, entretanto, na discussao, outros possiveis fatores a serem considerados na pesquisa sao citados. Palavras-chave: clima social familiar, familia, desempenho academico