Showing papers by "University of São Paulo published in 1983"
TL;DR: Pulsed ultrasound, in the form of short bursts, was used at low intensities (below cavitation threshold) so that the temperature variation, at the osteotomy site, was of the order of 0.01° C a fact that reinforces the assumption that the stimulation mechanism due to the appearence of electric potentials is of non-thermal origin such as that caused by piezoelectricity.
Abstract: The ultrasonic stimulation of bone growth was investigated in a experimental work in which a set of 45 rabbits were studied according to the following procedure:
a)
bilateral osteotomy of fibula (23 animals) and bilateral drilled holes on the cortex of femur (22 animals);
b)
exposure of ultrasound for 15 min per day;
c)
Radiological and histological evaluations of the progress of the callus;
d)
photography and measurements of the area of the callus;
e)
graphical comparisons using the results between controls and stimulated limbs. Pulsed ultrasound, in the form of short bursts, was used at low intensities (below cavitation threshold) so that the temperature variation, at the osteotomy site, was of the order of 0.01° C (constant) a fact that reinforces the assumption that the stimulation mechanism due to the appearence of electric potentials is of non-thermal origin such as that caused by piezoelectricity.
478 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the upper limit of peak area in a multi-channel spectra with a known significance level is determined. But the problem is solved exactly and, thus, the results are valid in experiments with small numbers of events.
281 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in the effects of vasodilator agents on large arteries in vitro or small vessels in situ, and Histamine and bradykinin which are potent permeability‐increasing factors, may antagonize the vasoconstrictor response of microvessels to noradrenaline through an action on endothelial cells with increased vascular permeability and temporary changes in composition of extracellular fluid.
Abstract: The response to vasoactive agents of microvessels in situ and large arteries in vitro was compared in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Noradrenaline was equally effective in evoking a constrictor response of mesenteric microvessels in normal and diabetic animals. The constrictor response to a standard amount of noradrenaline in such vessels was fully antagonized by acetylcholine or papaverine, the minimum effective doses being equivalent in normal and diabetic animals. In contrast, the minimum doses of histamine or bradykinin, effective in normal animals, had to be increased about 20 fold to be active in diabetic animals. Increased osmolarity of extracellular fluid caused a significant and equivalent increase in latency of the vasoconstrictor response of microvessels to noradrenaline in normal and diabetic animals. Concentration-effect curves, constructed from the response of isolated aortae to noradrenaline, were similar in normal and diabetic animals, provided the endothelium was removed. Diabetes only affected preparations in which the endothelium was left intact. In these, the median effective concentrations of noradrenaline were greatly increased in comparison with normal values. Precontracted aortae from normal and diabetic animals were equally relaxed by acetylcholine and histamine, provided the endothelium was left intact. Loss of the relaxant response of the preparations in all groups of animals was observed following removal of endothelial cells. It is suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in the effects of vasodilator agents on large arteries in vitro or small vessels in situ. Histamine and bradykinin which are potent permeability-increasing factors, may antagonize the vasoconstrictor response of microvessels to noradrenaline through an action on endothelial cells with increased vascular permeability and temporary changes in composition of extracellular fluid. The reactive process of endothelial cells to permeability factors was affected by diabetes mellitus. However, the response of microvessels to acetylcholine and papaverine which are devoid of permeability-increasing properties, was not influenced by diabetes.
138 citations
TL;DR: A retrospective study of Chagas' heart disease was carried out by a review of 1,345 autopsy reports, with special reference to cardiac thrombus and thromboembolic phenomena.
Abstract: A retrospective study of Chagas' heart disease was carried out by a review of 1,345 autopsy reports, with special reference to cardiac thrombus and thromboembolic phenomena. The incidence of cardiac thrombus was higher in cases of heart failure (36%) than in cases of sudden death (15%), higher in heavier hearts, and unrelated to age or sex. The left- and right-sided cardiac chambers were equally affected by thrombus. Endocarditis and blood stasis were considered important factors in the pathogenesis of cardiac thrombus. Thromboembolic phenomena were more common in the systemic circulation but caused relatively more deaths by pulmonary embolism. Fourteen percent of patients with thromboembolic phenomena died from them. Patients with multiple thromboembolic phenomena had a higher risk of death from embolism. Cardiac thrombosis or thromboembolic phenomena, or both, were present in 44% of the cases studied. Prophylactic measures should be taken for these important complications of Chagas' heart disease.
138 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons reported in this paper show that variations in the form and size of their components are responsible for the morphologic diversities which are closely related to specific functional adaptations.
Abstract: A morphologic study of the structure of the tail fin in eight species of teleosts was performed by aid of the Picrosirius-polarization method, which is a specific histochemical method for the detection of collagen in tissue sections. This structure is composed mainly of skeletal elements, the fin rays, covered by skin. Fin rays are bound to each other and to the surrounding tissues by a series of collagenous ligaments forming a complex, highly pliable and resistant structure. Although the general structural pattern of tail fins was consistent in all species studied, the comparative aspects reported in this paper show that variations in the form and size of their components are responsible for the morphologic diversities which are closely related to specific functional adaptations. Morphometric data on the number and size of actinotrichia in normal adult specimens are presented.
137 citations
TL;DR: The afferent connections of the parvocellular reticular formation were systematically investigated in the rat with the aid of retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase tracer techniques to call into question the traditional characterization of this formation as an intermediate link between the sensory nuclei of the cranial nerves and the medial magnocellular Reticular districts.
134 citations
TL;DR: The pulpo-dentinal complex responds to external injuries with dentin sclerosis (DS), dead tracts (DT), or reparative dentin (RD) utilizing ground sections, microradiographs and decalcified paraffin-embedded tooth sections treated with the Pollak trichrome stains.
Abstract: The pulpo-dentinal complex responds to external injuries with dentin sclerosis (DS), dead tracts (DT), or reparative dentin (RD). This investigation correlates the prevalence of these responses with age, sex, type and surface location of tooth lesions (caries, restorations, attrition, abrasion and erosion) utilizing ground sections, microradiographs and decalcified paraffin-embedded tooth sections treated with the Pollak trichrome stains (270 teeth from 113 patients). The main response to caries, restorations and erosion was DS, followed by RD and DT. DS, RD and DT occurred equally in any tooth, on any tooth surface and even beneath the same lesion. DS did not necessarily prevent RD. Root and furcation DS and RD in the floor of the pulp chamber and root canals were unrelated to particular lesions but did relate to increasing age. Root DS extended from apical to cervical area with increasing age. Beneath caries and restorations DS and RD were more prevalent in males, but DT was more prevalent in females. Pollak staining of decalcified paraffin sections for DS was approximately 80% as accurate as ground sections and microradiography. In pulp studies, where the result is contrary to previous experience, the Pollak stains reveal whether DS has decreased dentin permeability.
132 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the basic integral equations for two-dimensional elastic linear material problems are introduced and extended to deal with initial stress and strain type loads, such kind of loads are not only important to take into account temperature or other similar loads, but also to model nonlinear material behaviour when used in conjunction with a well established successive elastic solution technique.
Abstract: This chapter is concerned with the introduction of the basic integral equations for two-dimensional elastic linear material problems. It starts by briefly reviewing the partial differential equations for linear elastic material and introducing the necessary notations involved in the formulation. These governing equations are also extended to deal with problems in which initial stress and strain type loads are applied. Such kind of loads are not only important to take into account temperature or other similar loads, but also to model nonlinear material behaviour when used in conjunction with a well established successive elastic solution technique.
124 citations
TL;DR: Quantitative results of observations in nature in Brazil of the diel pattern and location of activities of South American fruit flies, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), on host trees with and without fruit, and on nonhost trees without fruit revealed the following.
Abstract: Quantitative results of observations in nature in Brazil of the diel pattern and location of activities of South American fruit flies, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), on host trees with and without fruit, and on nonhost trees without fruit, revealed the following. At dawn (ca. 0600 h), both sexes were at rest on the bottom surface of leaves near the tops of nonhost and host trees. Sexual activity (male calling) began at ca. 0700 h and ceased before 1100 h. It occurred on nonhosts as well as hosts, with all observed copulation initiations and mating pairs occurring only near the top of a tall nonhost tree. Feeding and oviposition began at ca. 0800 h, peaked from midmorning to midafternoon, and ended before 1800 h. Feeding occurred almost exclusively on ripe host fruits exuding juice, whereas oviposition occurred almost exclusively on unripe host fruits. All flies observed at 1800 h (dusk) and afterward were either at rest on the bottom surface of leaves near the tops of trees or were in flight toward tree tops. Our findings on A. fraterculus are discussed in relation to the diel pattern and location of activities of other Tephritidae studied in nature.
110 citations
TL;DR: Human rotaviruses from the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Pará of Brazil were analysed by RNA electrophoresis and showed a great degree of electrophoretic heterogeneity and could be divided into several sub-categories.
Abstract: Human rotaviruses from the states of Rio de Janeiro, SA£o Paulo and ParAi of Brazil were analysed by RNA electrophoresis. At least some bands characteristic of rotavirus double-stranded RNA were detected in 138 (86.8%) of 159 faecal samples in which the presence of rotavirus had been demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay. Of the RNA-positive samples, 18 (13.0%) were classified as subgroup 1, 94 (68.1%) as subgroup 2, and 26 (18.8%) could not be classified due to absence of visible bands 10 and 11. Subgroup 2 was more frequent in the three states. All strains of subgroup 1 detected in Rio de Janeiro were associated with a single short-lived school outbreak. All strains of subgroup 1 resembled each other in electrophoretic pattern, irrespective of geographical origin, although minor differences could be detected by co-electrophoresis. Subgroup 2, on the other hand, showed a great degree of electrophoretic heterogeneity and could be divided into several sub-categories.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a two-pion exchange three-body force and calculated its contribution to the trinucleon ground state using the hyperspherical harmonic method.
Abstract: We have derived a two-pion-exchange three-body force and calculated its contribution to the trinucleon ground state. The hyperspherical harmonic method has been used. Coulomb and the three-body forces have been treated nonperturbatively. Results show sensitivity to the short range part of the force. A comparative study is made with other forms of three-body forces found in the literature.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Trinucleon systems, three-body force.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The daily activity of Psychodopygus intermedius was measured for the first time, within and outside of a residual forest in the Ribeira Valley, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and showed nocturnal activity in both environments.
Abstract: The daily activity of Psychodopygus intermedius was measured for the first time, within and outside of a residual forest in the Ribeira Valley, S. Paulo State, Brazil. The results showed nocturnal activity in both environments, with different times of maximum activity occuring between 8 p.m. and 2 a.m. However, the most intense activity continued to take place outside the forest. A strong preference for humans seems to have contributed to Ps. intermedius' ubiquitous distribution. The importance of this fact lies in the possibility of there existing a close feeding association Ps. intermedius — Man. Hence cutaneous leishmaniasis infection may take place in the household environment. UNITERMS: Leishmaniasis, micocutaneous. Psychodopygus intermedius. Ecology. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS 1. FORATTINI, O.P. Entomologia medica. Sao Paulo, Edgar Blucher, 1973. v. 4. 2. FORATTINI, O.P. et al. Nota sobre leishmaniose tegumentar no litoral sul do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Saude publ., S. Paulo, 7:447-52, 1973. 3. FORATTINI, O.P. et al. Observacoes sobre a transmissao da leishmaniose tegumentar no Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Saude publ., S. Paulo, 10:31-43, 1976. 4. FORATTINI, O.P. et al. Observacoes sobre atividade de mosquito Culicidae, em mata residual no Vale do Ribeira, S. Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Saude publ., S. Paulo, 15:557-86, 1981. 5. FORTER, C.H. & DeFOLIART, G.R. The man-biting activity of Phlebotominae sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a tropical wet forest environment in Colombia. Arq. Zool., 30:81-158, 1981. 6. GOMES, A. de C. et al. Aspectos ecologicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. 1. Estudo experimental da frequencia de flebotomineo a ecotopos artificiais, com referencia especial a Psychodopygus intermedius. Rev. Saude publ., S. Paulo, 14:540-56, 1980. 7. GOMES, A. de C. et al. Aspectos ecologicos sobre a leishmaniose tegumentar americana. 2 — O ecotopo artificial como abrigo de Psychodopygus intermedius e observacoes sobre a alimentacao e reproducao sob a influencia de fatores fisicos naturais. Rev. Saude publ., S. Paulo, 16:149-59, 1982. 8. HADDOW, A. J. Studies on the biting habits and medical importance of east African mosquitoes in the genus Aedes. 1 — Subgenera Aedimorphus, Banksinella and Dunnius. Bull. ent. Res., 50:759-79, 1960. 9. ROCHA E SILVA, E.O. et al. A leishmaniose tegumentar americana no litoral sul do Estado de Sao Paulo. Rev. bras. Malar., 32:9-25, 1981. 10. TESH, R.B. et al. Further studies on the natural host preferences of Panamanian phlebotomine sandflies. Amer. J Epidem., 95:88-93, 1972 Recebido para publicacao em 17/08/1982 Aprovado para publicacao em 20/09/1982
TL;DR: The pharmacological study of T1VIII in guinea pig vas deferens showed a pre-junctional sensitizing action, evidenced by a decrease of the dose-response curves to adrenaline and acetylcholine, with no increase of the maximum.
TL;DR: The Cl− activity in cTAL cells is clearly above equilibrium under control conditions and that it falls rapidly to values close to equilibrium when Cl− re absorption is blocked by either removing lumen Cl− or by blocking the Cl− entry via the Na+−2Cl−−K+-carrier with furosemide.
Abstract: Rabbit cortical thick ascending limb segments were perfused in vitro, and intracellular Cl- activity was estimated in three types of experiments using conventional and chloride selective microelectrodes. In series 1 Ringer like solutions were present on the two epithelial sides. In series 2 limen Cl- was replaced by gluconate, and in series 3 furosemide, 10-20 . 10(-6) mol . 1-1, was added to the lumen perfusate. It was found that under control conditions intracellular Cl- activity, as estimated from the difference of the reading of the conventional (n = 53) and ion selective electrodes (n = 118) was 26 +/- 1 mmol . 1-1. Thi value is approximately three times higher than expected for passive distribution of Cl-. After removal of lumen Cl- (series 2) intracellular Cl- activity fell to 9 mmol . 1(-1) which is only some 4 mmol . 1(-1) above passive distribution. We argue that these 4 mmol . 1(-1) reflect mainly the interference with the Cl- electrode by other anions, such as phosphate. The above estimates for intracellular Cl- activity, have to be diminished by these 4 mmol . 1(-1), and, thus, are close to 22 mmol . 1(-1). In series 3 a rapid and reversible fall in intracellular Cl- from 23 to 7 mmol . 1(-1) was observed. We conclude that the Cl- activity in cTAL cells is clearly above equilibrium under control conditions and that it falls rapidly to values close to equilibrium when Cl- reabsorption is blocked by either removing lumen Cl- or by blocking the Cl- entry via the Na+-2 Cl--K+-carrier with furosemide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: A striking correlation between the tissue distribution of the genetically-distinct types of interstitial collagen and the occurrence of the different GAGs (which argues strongly in favour of a specific interaction) is demonstrated comprehensively in this review.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to review our knowledge to date of collagen-proteoglycan interaction. Many topics have been taken into account in order to provide a reasonably complete picture of this highly complex subject. Basic information about collagen biology, and an overview of the current concepts and advances regarding proteoglycans, have served as a basis to elucidate collagen-proteoglycan interaction. The bases of some methods of study have been reviewed in order to provide a fuller understanding of the results that are cited in this article. The experimental models and biological examples discussed herein demonstrate that collagen-proteoglycan interaction is essential to the extracellular matrix resiliency. The organization of these macromolecules is critical: collagen molecules become assembled into fibrils, fibrils aggregate to form fibers, fibers associate into bundles of fibers, and proteoglycans in the ground substance play a major role in the ordering process; on the other hand, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are composed of repeating monomers--GAGs linked to a same protein core form a proteoglycan--which, in turn, may bind to a hyaluronic acid molecule to form a proteoglycan aggregate together with other proteoglycans. Further growth of these complex macromolecules at higher hierarchical levels occurs by interaction of collagen with proteoglycans. A striking correlation between the tissue distribution of the genetically-distinct types of interstitial collagen and the occurrence of the different GAGs (which argues strongly in favour of a specific interaction) is demonstrated comprehensively in this review. Tissues composed of collagen type I possess small amounts of proteoglycans which contain almost exclusively dermatan sulfate; while tissues containing only collagen type II have high amounts of chondroitin sulfates. Collagen type III is the major fibrillary constituent of tissues that possess intermediate levels of proteoglycans, which contain great amounts of heparan sulfate. The histochemical and ultrastructural equivalents of these interactions have been emphasized in order to permit an interpretation of the morphologic aspects that can contribute to distinguishing these macromolecular components when studying tissue sections either under the light microscope or by aid of electron microscopy.
TL;DR: The data support the hypothesis that enzymes involved in intermediate and final stages of digestion do not penetrate the endoperitrophic space either because of their large size or because they are bound to the plasma membrane.
TL;DR: The effect of salinity on osmoregulatory capability and metabolic rate in adult Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. olfersii and M. potiuna, and their results are discussed in relation to the distribution patterns of the adult shrimps and to physiological modifications occurring during development.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a flow injection system with merging zones is used to demonstrate the method for analyses of a Ni/Cu/Zn standard and of alloys, with reproducibility of measurements of the injected sample, with or without additions of standards is always better than 99%.
Abstract: In multicomponent analysis by inductively-coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry, the generalized standard addition method is useful in overcoming matrix and/or spectral interferences. As this method requires many standard additions, it becomes cumbersome when done manually if many elements are to be determined. By using a flow injection system, the standard addtion manipulations required can be significantly simplified and completed within a shorter period of time with much less sample material. A flow injection system with merging zones is used to demonstrate the method for analyses of a Ni/Cu/Zn standard and of alloys. The reproducibility of measurements of the injected sample, with or without additions of standards is always better than 99%. The results obtained compare well with those obtained by the manual procedure and also with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.
TL;DR: Information for the identification of the species found along the Brazilian coast, based on inspection of easily recognizable morphological features is provided.
Abstract: Although mullets from the Brazilian coast have been commercially ex-ploited for a long time and used in fish culture experiments more recently, data for accurate identification of species are not available in the Brazilian literature. This guide was planned to provide Information for the identification of ali the species found along the Brazilian coast, based on inspection of easily recognizable morphological features. A key to species and data on their distribution, fishery, biology and fish culture in Brazil are presented.
TL;DR: The interaction of three lectins, differing in their sugar specificities, with the surface of the three differentiation stages of Trypanosoma cruzi is investigated, suggesting a similar cell-surface saccharide composition.
TL;DR: An XBT survey and hydrographic sections between 19 and 25°S along the coast of Brazil in April of 1982 were used to locate the Brazil Current both north and south of the seamount chain at 20°30′S as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An XBT survey and hydrographic sections between 19 and 25°S along the coast of Brazil in April of 1982 were used to locate the Brazil Current both north and south of the seamount chain at 20°30′S. The current appears to flow through the passage between the most inshore of the banks and not to the east. It is a continuous feature and, to the extent resolved by these measurements, is not characterized by meanders and eddies at these latitudes. Transport relative to 500 m (1000 m) was approximately 3.8 × 106 m3 s−1 (6.8 × 106 m3 s−1) and did not appear to increase downstream.
TL;DR: In this article, the surface enhanced Raman spectrum of BTAH adsorbed on a copper electrode has been studied as a function of the potential applied to the electrode and the effect of pH and of the type of halide in the electrolyte solution has also been investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the acceptor properties of the solvents of substituted cyanoiron complexes were investigated and it was found that the parameter a was strongly influenced by the solvation characteristics of the ligands compared with those of the cyanides.
Abstract: The solvatochromism observed for substituted cyanoiron complexes depends on the acceptor properties of the solvents, according to v = vo + a(AN), where ν is the measured spectral charge transfer energy and AN refers to the acceptor number scale. The parameter a was found to be strongly influenced by the solvation characteristics of the ligands compared with those of the cyanides. In H2O+S mixed solvents, preferential solvation by water was observed where S was acetone or acetonitrile, but not when S was methanol, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide or related solvents.
TL;DR: It is suggested that histamine and Bk antagonized the vasoconstrictor response of microvessels to NA through an action on lining endothelial cells resulting in increased vascular permeability and hyperosmolarity of extracellular fluids.
Abstract: 1 Noradrenaline (NA) evoked a vasoconstrictor response in rat mesenteric microvessels in situ, the latency and nature of which was analogous in normal and alloxan-diabetic animals.
2 Histamine and bradykinin (Bk) were capable of antagonizing the response to NA in normal but not in diabetic animals. In contrast, acetylcholine (ACh) was equally effective as an antagonist to NA in both groups of animals.
3 The altered responses to histamine and Bk were not associated with hyperglycaemia since fasting rendered the diabetic animals normoglycaemic and yet did not restore the reactivity of microvessels. Previous administration of insulin to diabetic animals corrected the impaired responses to histamine and Bk.
4 A similar condition of impaired responses to histamine and Bk was produced in normal animals by the intravenous injection of 2-deoxyglucose although ACh remained fully active.
5 Apparently, the functional changes observed in the response to histamine or Bk, as antagonists of the vasoconstrictor reaction to NA, were not associated with a defective response of all smooth muscle. First, because ACh remained active in diabetic animals, and, second, because extravascular smooth muscles obtained from either normal or diabetic rats were equally relaxed by histamine or Bk in vitro.
6 It is suggested that histamine and Bk antagonized the vasoconstrictor response of microvessels to NA through an action on lining endothelial cells resulting in increased vascular permeability and hyperosmolarity of extracellular fluids.
7 The process depended on the availability of insulin, and, therefore, might be affected by intracellular glucopaenia as occurring in diabetes.
8 Intracellular glucopaenia markedly affected other structures. Reduced atria rates were observed in diabetes, despite the fact that the isolated preparation responded normally to NA, ACh or tyramine. Partial substitution of glucose in the bathing fluid by 2-deoxyglucose or addition of NaF to the organ bath evoked similar changes in atria from normal animals.
9 ACh which has little effect on vascular permeability must exert its vasodilator effects through mechanisms which are different from those influenced by the biochemical changes occurring in diabetes.
TL;DR: The fruit of Virola sebifera contains in the seed (2R, 3S)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-(3-4-methylenedioxybenzol)-butyrolactone, and in the pericarp (2 R, 3R)-2,3-di-(3, 4-dimethylfluoromethydroxybenZyl)-butiesolactone.
TL;DR: The utility of the different drugs and the results of the surgical treatment in neurocysticercosis drawing the conclusion that they show no efficacy when analysed at the end of a long follow-up.
Abstract: Analisamos as manifestacoes clinicas, os exames complementares e a evolucao de 500 pacientes com neurocisticercose, atendidos pela Disciplina de Neurologia do Departamento de Neuropisiquiatria e Psicologia Medica da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, no periodo de 1956 a 1979. Este material, no contexto da literatura consultada, constituiu-se na maior casuistica clinica ate agora apresentada. A neurocisticercose e grave endemia em nossa regiao, representando 2,7% dos atendimentos efetuados pela Disciplina de Neurologia e 7,5% das internacoes hospitalares. As formas clinicas mais comuns foram a epileptica (64,8%), a de hipertensao intracraniana (35,6%) e a meningitica (29%). Na radiografia simples do crânio evidenciou-se a presenca de calcificacoes intracranianas com morfologia sugestiva de cisticercos em 47,6%. O exame do LCR apresentou anormalidades em 81,3%: hipercitose em 60,9%, hiperproteinorraquia em 49,1% e hipertensao em 29%. A eosinofilorraquia ocorreu em 41,9%. A positividade na reacao de Weinberg esteve presente em 62,6%. A terapeutica da neurocisticercose e fundamentalmente sintomatica. Discutimos o valor dos diferentes medicamentos e do tratamento cirurgico na neurocisticercose, chegando a conclusao de que nenhum deles e eficaz a longo prazo. Enquanto as pesquisas nao revelarem drogas realmente eficientes, somente a educacao sanitaria podera controlar esta endemia, que atinge entre nos, tao sombrias perspectivas.
TL;DR: The renal histopathology of 21 patients admitted to hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, during the period 1960 through 1981 who either died or had a renal biopsy is presented, suggesting moderate and severe cortical intersitial damage contribute to the onset of renal insufficiency when severe clinical complications occur.
Abstract: Little is known about renal alterations in kala-azar. The renal histopathology of 21 patients admitted to hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil, during the period 1960 through 1981 who either died or had a renal biopsy (two cases) is presented. All the specimens showed oedema and diffuse interstitial inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells with more compact foci of cells in some areas. In general, glomeruli did not show any important alterations. These aspects were interpreted as acute interstitial nephritis aetiologically related to later phase kala-azar. This interstitial alteration does not usually seem to determine any clinical manifestations. However, it seems that moderate and severe cortical intersitial damage contribute to the onset of renal insufficiency when severe clinical complications occur. The precise mechanisms of this lesion need further investigation since the aetiological agents have not been seen causing the damage locally.
TL;DR: The results support the hypothesis that digestion starts in the endoperitrophic space under the action of amylase and trypsin and is largely completed in the ectoper itrophic space through the catalytic action of several oligomer and dimer hydrolases.
TL;DR: In this paper, the main portion of the reacting sample zone is retained in a 38°C water bath so that about 80% complete reaction is achieved without limiting the sampling rate.