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TL;DR: A general exercise programme that combines muscular strength, flexibility and aerobic fitness is beneficial for rehabilitation of non-specific chronic low back pain.
228 citations
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TL;DR: Video generated data is an ideal resource in as far as it can provide a faithful record of the process as an aspect of the naturally occurring interaction which comprises the research topic.
Abstract: The degree to which researcher
generated visual records (for example video texts) may be used to collect valid
information about the social world is subject to considerable academic debate
(cf.
Feld and Williams, 1975; Gottdiener, 1979 and Grimshaw, 1982). On the one
hand the method is assumed, by implication, to have limited impact on the data,
the
taped image being treated as a replica of the unrecorded event (Vihman and
Greenlee, 1987; Vuchinich, 1986). On the other, it is suggested that the video
camera has a uniquely distorting effect on the researched phenomenon
(Gottdiener,
1979:61; Heider, 1976:49). Research participants, it is argued, demonstrate a
reactive effect to the video process such that data is meaningful only if
special
precautions are taken to validate it. Strategies suggested include a covert
approach to
the data collection itself (cf. Eibl-Eibesfeldt and Haass, 1974, Gottdiener,
1979;
Albrecht, 1985) or the application of triangulative techniques such as
respondent
validation (Gottdiener, 1979; Albrecht, 1985 and Arborelius and Timpka, 1990).
In this paper we suggest that both these views are problematic. The insistence
of one
on marginalising the role of the research process and the other on attempting to
separate
the process from the research data is at the expense of exploring the degree to
which the
process helps socially and interactionally produce the data. As we demonstrate,
the
activity of data collection is constitutive of the very interaction which is
then
subsequently available for investigation. A reflexive analysis of this
relationship is
therefore essential. Video generated data is an ideal resource in as far as it
can provide a
faithful record of the process as an aspect of the naturally occurring
interaction which
comprises the research topic.
208 citations
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TL;DR: Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) mechanisms leverage economic and social incentives to shape how people influence natural processes and achieve conservation and sustainability goals as mentioned in this paper. But many projects are based on weak scientific foundations, and effectiveness is rarely evaluated with the rigor necessary for scaling up and understanding the importance of these approaches as policy instruments and conservation tools.
Abstract: Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) mechanisms leverage economic and social incentives to shape how people influence natural processes and achieve conservation and sustainability goals. Beneficiaries of nature's goods and services pay owners or stewards of ecosystems that produce those services, with payments contingent on service provision (1, 2). Integrating scientific knowledge and methods into PES is critical (3, 4). Yet many projects are based on weak scientific foundations, and effectiveness is rarely evaluated with the rigor necessary for scaling up and understanding the importance of these approaches as policy instruments and conservation tools (2, 5, 6). Part of the problem is the lack of simple, yet rigorous, scientific principles and guidelines to accommodate PES design and guide research and analyses that foster evaluations of effectiveness (4). As scientists and practitioners from government, nongovernment, academic, and finance institutions, we propose a set of such guidelines and principles.
196 citations
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TL;DR: High-performance athletes were just as likely as non-athletes to report depressive symptoms, and researchers need to move beyond self-report measures of depressive symptoms and examine the prevalence of clinically diagnosed depressive disorders in athletes.
Abstract: Objective To assess whether a difference exists in the prevalence of mild or more severe depressive symptoms between high-performance athletes and non-athletes. Design Comparative OR meta-analysis. Data sources We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of reviews of mental health issues in high-performance athletes. Eligibility We included studies that compared high-performance athletes and non-athletes, included a validated measure of depressive symptoms and included the prevalence of individuals who indicated at least mild depressive symptoms. Results Five articles reporting data from 1545 high-performance athletes and 1811 non-athletes were examined. A comparative OR meta-analysis found high-performance athletes were no more likely than non-athletes to report mild or more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.15, 95% CI=0.954 to 1.383, p=0.145). Male high-performance athletes (n=940) were no more likely than male non-athletes (n=605) to report mild or more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.17, 95% CI=0.839 to 1.616, p=0.362). For females, high-performance athletes (n=948) were no more likely than non-athletes (n=605) to report mild or more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.846 to 1.442, p=0.464). Overall, male high-performance athletes (n=874) were 52% less likely to report mild or more severe depressive symptoms than female high-performance athletes (n=705) (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.369 to 0.621, p Summary/conclusions High-performance athletes were just as likely as non-athletes to report depressive symptoms. Researchers need to move beyond self-report measures of depressive symptoms and examine the prevalence of clinically diagnosed depressive disorders in athletes.
135 citations
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TL;DR: A 2-week gait retraining program is effective in lowering impact loading in novice runners and the occurrence of injury is 62% lower after 2 weeks of running gait modification, indicating a 62% higher injury risk in gait-retrained runners compared with controls.
Abstract: Background:The increasing popularity of distance running has been accompanied by an increase in running-related injuries, such that up to 85% of novice runners incur an injury in a given year. Prev...
129 citations
Authors
Showing all 114 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Matthew Jones | 125 | 1161 | 96909 |
Peter H. Burkill | 56 | 117 | 8183 |
Michael E. Hyland | 50 | 220 | 10819 |
Rupert Jones | 32 | 152 | 3247 |
Marco Cardinale | 31 | 105 | 7053 |
Sharon Dixon | 27 | 99 | 1957 |
Giorgos K. Sakkas | 26 | 86 | 2619 |
Andrew M. Edwards | 25 | 81 | 2325 |
Christina Karatzaferi | 24 | 73 | 1865 |
Vassilios Ziakas | 22 | 53 | 1150 |
Debby Cotton | 22 | 46 | 1689 |
Leonidas G. Karagounis | 21 | 45 | 1641 |
Paul D. Sutton | 17 | 43 | 1715 |
Victoria H. Stiles | 15 | 34 | 654 |
Richard Kiely | 14 | 71 | 704 |