University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce

About: University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce is a education organization based out in Bangkok, Thailand. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Corporate social responsibility & General equilibrium theory. The organization has 223 authors who have published 422 publications receiving 5380 citations.

E-Payment and It’s Effects on Cash in Thailand

Abstract: Thailand has experienced high growth in e-payment as the government and industries introduce digital payment services as alternatives to cash payment. This paper aims to study e-payment effects on cash by constructing models to forecast value and analyze the structural change of e-payment and cash time series data. The data are a time series of monthly currency in circulation or cash data from January 2005 to September 2019 and e-payment data from January 2010 to March 2019. Using decomposition of components, Holt-Winters' additive method (HW), and ARIMA model, results demonstrate that e-payment is growing because it has an upward trend component. In terms of cash data, it grows upward initially and then continually has a downward trend. The implication is that e-payment growth has affected cash growth while cash is still growing with a decreasing rate. The forecasting models and implications discovered are grounds for conducting further investigations and crafting related policies in the future.

Development of Rule-Based Investment Protection Provisions in Mega-FTAs: A Manifestation or a Negation from Customary International Law Principles?

Abstract: Customary international law affirms the obligation of the host state to protect foreign investors by according the minimum standard of treatment of foreign investors. These become well-established principles of fair and equitable treatment and full protection and security in foreign investment law. Led by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), investment protection provisions are heavily negotiated in modern FTAs. The jurisprudence of investment protection in early FTAs, namely NAFTA, relied on principles of customary international law as the texts of agreements did not contain definitions or exemplification to the principles. A number of mega-FTAs, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) bring about changes in the minimum standard of treatment of foreign investors. In contrast to a principle-led approach, the minimum standard of treatment terms are more clearly defined in recent mega-FTAs. The fair and equitable treatment term in the TPP, for example, includes the obligation not to deny justice in criminal, civil or administrative adjudicatory proceedings in accordance with the principle of due process embodied in the principal legal systems of the world. The proposed TTIP provides that a breach of the fair and equitable include a targeted discrimination on manifestly wrongful grounds, such as gender, race or religious belief. The paper proposes that there has clearly been a shift in the minimum standard of treatment clause from the principle-based approach to the rule-based approach in recent mega-FTAs. On the one hand, the rule-based provisions in the new mega-FTAs could limit the scope of ordinary principles of customary international law and negate from a long-held jurisprudence in foreign investment law. On the other, the rule-based provisions could manifest the intention of parties to be bound by obligations provided by agreements and limit the expansive view of tribunals in applying the principle.

Confidence Intervals for the Parameter of a Gaussian First-Order Autoregressive Model with Additive Outliers: A Simulation Study

Abstract: This paper is concerned with interval estimation of a parameter for a Gaussian first-order autoregressive model, AR(1), when there are additive outliers in a time series. We compared the confidence intervals based on the weighted symmetric estimator ( ˆ W φ ), the recursive mean adjusted weighted symmetric estimator ( ˆ RW φ ), the recursive median adjusted weighted symmetric estimator ( ˆ RDW φ ), and the improved recursive median adjusted weighted symmetric estimator ( ˆ IRDW φ ) by using Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results have

A Strategy to Enhance Converter Continuous Current Mode in PV MPPT System under Low Solar Irradiance Situation

Abstract: Typically photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system concerns in PV output power at specific high solar irradiance. Poor response may be found when load side characteristic is considered particular at low solar irradiance. A novel PV MPPT scheme is present by integrating load power signal into MPPT control signal. The simulation results show that the proposed MPPT system can be operated efficiently at significantly lower solar intensity compared to those of the conventional P&O MPPT system.

High-fidelity Adoption of a New and Ambiguous Practice

Abstract: Adoption of a practice has been an important area of study in organizational research. While most prior research focused on practice adoption and diffusion within the same environment, I argue that cross-national adoption of a practice has been underexplored. An inevitable corollary is that little is known of why variation in adoption of such practice occurs. This paper drew on the institutional theory perspective to examine variation in the adoption of a new and ambiguous practice in a new receiving context. Through an inductive-qualitative study of a social entity in Thailand that has imported and promoted the adoption of an American practice, this study examined what caused variations in organizational adoptions, which, following organizational scholars, is conceptualized in this study as level of fidelity, in order to ultimately develop a model that presents what accounts for high-fidelity adoption. For high-fidelity adoption of a new and ambiguous practice to occur, this inductive study shows that it requires co-existence of four components, including knowledge transfer through the approach of communal involvement, reassurance of legitimate actors, leaders’ involvement and attention, and outcome realization. This study makes theoretical contributions by developing a process leading to high-fidelity adoption of a new and ambiguous practice, shedding light on the role of agency, and discussing practical implications and avenue for future research.