Showing papers in "Acta Cirurgica Brasileira in 2010"

Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoin

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate and characterize the wound healing process profile induced by allantoin incorporated in soft lotion oil/water emulsion using the planimetric and histological methods. Methods: Female Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: (C) control group-without treatment; (E) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion excipients; (EA) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion containing allantoin 5%. The emulsions either containing or not allantoin were topically administered for 14 days and the wound area was evaluated by planimetry and by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of open wound model. Results: The data which were obtained and analyzed innovate by demonstrating, qualitatively and quantitatively, by histological analysis, the profile of healing process induced by allantoin. The results suggest that the wound healing mechanism induced by allantoin occurs via the regulation of inflammatory response and stimulus to fibroblastic proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Conclusion: This work show, for the first time, the histological wound healing profile induced by allantoin in rats and demonstrated that it is able to ameliorate and fasten the reestablishment of the normal skin.

Successful transplant of mesenchymal stem cells in induced osteonecrosis of the ovine femoral head: preliminary results

Abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluate the bone tissue recovery following transplantation of ovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow and human immature dental-pulp stem cells (hIDPSC) in ovine model of induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). METHODS: Eight sheep were divided in three experimental groups. First group was composed by four animals with ONFH induced by ethanol through central decompression (CD), for control group without any treatment. The second and third group were compose by two animals, six weeks after ONFH induction received transplantation of heterologous ovine MSC (CD + oMSC), and hIDPSC (CD + hIDPSC), respectively. In both experiments the cells were transplanted without application of any type of immunosupression protocol. RESULTS: Our data indicate that both cell types used in experiments were able to proliferate within injured site providing bone tissue recovery. The histological results obtained from CD+hIDPSC suggested that the bone regeneration in such animals was better than that observed in CD animals. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cell transplant in induced ovine osteonecrosis of femoral head by central decompression technique is safe, and apparently favors bone regeneration of damaged tissues.

Accuracy of six minute walk test, stair test and spirometry using maximal oxygen uptake as gold standard

Abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of the variables stair climbing time (SCt), stair climbing power (SCP), six-minute walk test distance (6MWT), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) using maximal oxygen uptake on exercise (VO2max) as the gold standard. METHODS: Tests were performed in 51 patients. FEV1 was measured by spirometry and 6MWT was performed in a flat 120-m corridor. Stair climbing test was performed on a 6-flight stairway to obtain SCt and SCP. VO2max was measured by ergospirometry, using the Balke protocol. Pearson's linear correlation and p values were calculated between VO2max and the other variables tested. For accuracy calculations, variable cutoff points were obtained through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, dividing individuals into normal or unhealthy. Kappa statistic was used to calculate concordance. RESULTS: Accuracy was: SCt - 86%, 6MWT - 80%, SCP - 71%, FEV1(L) - 67%, FEV1(%) - 63%. SCt and 6MWT showed 93.5% sensitivity when combined in parallel, and 96.4% specificity in series. CONCLUSION: SCt presented the best accuracy. SCt and 6MWT combined showed nearly 100% sensitivity or specificity. Thus, these simple exercise tests should be more routinely used, especially when an ergospirometer is not available to measure VO2max.

The importance of oxygen free radicals in the etiopathogenesis of diversion colitis in rats

Abstract: Purpose : Quantify the levels of oxidative DNA damage of epithelial colon cells comparing segments with and without fecal stream. Methods : Sixty Wistar rats were subjected to deviation of fecal stream by proximal colostomy and a distal mucosal fistula. Animals wer edivided into three experimental groups that were sacrificed 6, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. In each experimental group, five animalsunderwent laparotomy without intestinal deviation (sham subgroup). The diagnosis of colitis was made by histopathological analysisand the inflammatory activity index by graduated scale. The neutrophil infiltration was determined by myeloperoxidase tissue le vels andthe intensity of oxidative DNA damage by comet assay. The Mann-Withney and Student t test were used to compare the results amongexperimental subgroups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for variance analysis, adopting a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results : Colonsegments without fecal stream was shown higher histological inflammatory score of the colon wall after 12 and 24 weeks (p=0.001 ) thatincreased with the time of diversion (p=0.01). The activity of myeloperoxidase in segments without fecal stream decreased with the time(p=0.001). Oxidative DNA damage levels were significantly higher in the segments without fecal stream, (p=0.0001), independent oftime of colon diversion, and increase with the time (p=0.0007).

Influence of ingaalp laser (660nm) on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-power laser (660 nm) on the collagen percentage and macrophages in skin wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS: 30 male Wistar rats were used, distributed in two groups: laser treated diabetic (n= 15); untreated diabetic (n = 15). The diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 2 were treated with Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide - InGaAlP type diode laser (Photon Laser III DMC®) with a continuous output power of 100 mW and wavelength (?) of 660 nm (4 J/cm2) for 24 s. five animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical macrophage. morphometrically analyzed using the Image Pro Plus 4.5 software. The percentages of collagen fibers and macrophages were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. RESULTS: The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Post-hocTukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5%. CONCLUSION: The low-power laser (660 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers and macrophages.

Protective effect of simvastatin in the cyclophosphamide-induced hemohrragic cystitis in rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of many neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. Hemorrhagic cystitis is a frequent side effect of CYP. Several studies show that simvastatin has important pleiotropic (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory) effects. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of simvastatin on bladder, ureter and kidney injury caused by CYP. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The CYP/SIM group received simvastatin microemulsion by gavage during 7 days (10 mg/kg body wt) before the administration of CYP and the CYP/SAL group rats received saline 0.9%. The control rats were not treated. After that, all rats were treated with a single dose of CYP 200 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally. The rats were killed 24 h after CYP administration. Plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Macro and light microscopic study was performed in the bladder, kidney and ureter. RESULTS: In the bladders of CYP/SIMV treated rats edema of lamina propria with epithelial and sub-epithelial hemorrhage were lower than in CYP/SAL treated rats. The scores for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of bladder and ureter were significantly lower in CYP/SIMV rats than in CYP/SAL rats. The kidney was not affected. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was significatly lower in CF/SINV rats (164.8±22, 44.8±8 and 52.4±13) than in CF/SAL rats (378.5±66, 122.9±26 e 123.6±18), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study suggest that simvastatin pretreatment attenuated CYP-induced urotelium inflammation and decreased the activities of cytokines.

Effect of sildenafil in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of sildenafil, administered prior to renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), by scintigraphy and histopathological evaluation in rats METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided randomly into two groups They received 01 ml of 99mTechnetium-etilenodicisteine intravenous, and a baseline (initial) renal scintigraphy was performed The rats underwent 60 minutes of ischemia by left renal artery clamping The right kidney was not manipulated The sildenafil group (n=12) received orally 1 mg/kg of sildenafil suspension 60 minutes before ischemia Treatment with saline 09% in the control group (n=12) Half of the rats was assessed after 24 hours and half after seven days I/R, with new renal scintigraphy to study differential function After euthanasia, kidneys were removed and subjected to histopathological examination For statistical evaluation, Student t and Mann-Whitney tests were used RESULTS: In the control group rats, the left kidneys had significant functional deficit, seven days after I/R, whose scintigraphic pattern was consistent with acute tubular necrosis, compared with the initial scintigraphy (p<005) Sildenafil treatment resulted in better differential function of the left kidneys 24h after reperfusion, compared with controls Histopathologically, the left kidney of control rats (24 hours after I/R) showed a higher degree of cellular necrosis when compared with the sildenafil treated rats (p<005) CONCLUSION: Sildenafil had a protective effect in rat kidneys subjected to normothermic I/R, demonstrated by scintigraphy and histomorphometry

Mycobacterium massiliense BRA100 strain recovered from postsurgical infections: resistance to high concentrations of glutaraldehyde and alternative solutions for high level disinfection

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GTA against these microorganisms and alternative disinfectants for high-level disinfection (HLD). METHODS: Reference mycobacteria and clinical M. massiliense strains were included in this study. Active cultures were submitted to susceptibility qualitative tests with GTA dilutions (ranging from 1.5% to 8%), and commercial orthophthaldehyde (OPA) and peracetic acid (PA) - based solutions, during the period of exposure as recommended by National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance for HLD. RESULTS: All reference and M. massiliense non-BRA100 strains, recovered from sputum, were susceptible to any GTA concentration, OPA and PA solutions. M. massiliense BRA100 strains presented MIC of 8% GTA and were susceptible to OPA and PA. CONCLUSION: M. massiliense BRA100 strain is resistant to high GTA concentrations (up to 7%), which proves that this product is non-effective against specific rapidly growing mycobacteria and should be substituted by OPA or PA - based solutions for HLD.

Comparison between human and rat TMJ: anatomic and histopathologic features

Abstract: PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate normal rat temporomandibular joints from anatomic and histopathologic point of view and make a comparison between this joint in rats and humans. METHODS: Twelve male adult Wistar rats (12 same side joints) were used in this procedure. The following anatomical structures were histologically evaluated in a qualitative fashion: condyle, disc, temporal bone, retrodiscal tissue and synovia. The macroscopical and microscopic study of the human TMJ was based on the current literature. RESULTS: The TMJ is surrounded by a thin capsule, consisting of fibrous tissue, and a synovial lining. The mandibular angle has a prominent shape. The glenoid fossa is flat, with no eminences. Histologically, the TMJ is composed of different tissues that comprise the mandibular head, mandibular fossa and fibrocartilaginous disc. A layer of hyaline cartilage covers the articulating cortical condyle and temporal bone. CONCLUSION:Morphologically and histologically, the articular structure of rats is, on the whole, similar to that of humans. In these animals there is no articular eminence.

Quantification by computerized morphometry of tissue levels of sulfomucins and sialomucins in diversion colitis in rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa, by means of computer-assisted image processing, comparing segments with and without fecal stream and correlating with the duration of fecal transit exclusion. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to diversion of the fecal stream in the left colon by means of constructing a proximal colostomy and distal mucosal fistula. They were distributed randomly into three experimental groups of 15 animals, of which 10 were subjected to colon diversion (experimental subgroup) and five were only subjected to laparotomy, without colon diversion (control subgroup). The three experimental groups were formed according to the sacrifice date, which was to be performed six weeks after the surgical procedure (Group A), 12 weeks (Group B) and 18 weeks (Group C). The sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa was evaluated using the histochemical technique of high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). The tissue expression was quantified for each animal, in the segments with and without fecal stream, at a location where there were four complete contiguous crypts in two random fields, with the aid of the computer-assisted image analysis software. The final value was taken to be the mean reading from the two fields selected, in the segments with and without fecal stream. To compare the expressions of the two mucin subtypes in the segments with and without fecal stream, the paired Student t test was used. To analyze variance according to duration of exclusion, ANOVA with the Newman-Keuls post-test was used, setting the significance level at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant reductions in tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in the colon without fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion considered. There was increased tissue sulfomucin content and decreased tissue sialomucin in the segments without fecal stream, with increasing duration of exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Diversion of the fecal transit decreased the tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in the segments without fecal stream. Notwithstanding the reduction in the levels of both subtypes of acid mucin in the segments without fecal stream, there was increased tissue sulfomucin content and decreased tissue sialomucin with increasing duration of intestinal diversion.

Flaxseed, olive and fish oil influence plasmatic lipids, lymphocyte migration and morphometry of the intestinal of Wistar rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of flaxseed, olive and fish oil on the lipid profile, preservation of villosities and lymphocyte migration in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups, which received the AIN-93M diet, with changes only to their lipid source: flaxseed, olive, fish, and soy oil (control group). The serum was separated for the biochemical parameter analysis. A histological evaluation was performed in the ileal portion. RESULTS: The group which was fed fish oil presented lower values when compared to the other treatments for Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol (p<0.05). The animals treated with fish and olive oils presented better intestinal villosities preservation. Less deposition of lymphocytes was observed in the flaxseed group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that flaxseed, olive and fish oils present different responses than soy oil for the intestinal mucosa preservation and lymphocyte proliferation in Wistar rats.

Chemical and morphological analysis of kidney stones: a double-blind comparative study

Abstract: PURPOSE: To compare chemical to morphological kidney stone composition analysis based on a sample of 50 stones retrieved from patients at a nephrology service METHODS: The chemical analysis was performed with a Bioclin® kit, while a 10-mm magnifying glass (10x; Prolabo, Paris, France) was employed in the morphological analysis Findings obtained with the two methods were compared and classified as concordant (100% agreement), partly concordant (concordant for major components, discordant for minor components) or discordant (discordant for major components) RESULTS: In the chemical analysis, the most commonly observed major component was calcium (70%), followed by oxalate (66%), ammonium (56%), urate (28%) and carbonate (24%) In the morphological analysis, the most commonly observed major components were calcium phosphate and magnesium (32% each), followed by calcium oxalate monohydrate (24%), uric acid and urates (20% each), calcium oxalate dihydrate (18%) and cystine (6%) Infectious kidney stones were identified in 34% and 24% of cases by morphological and chemical analysis, respectively Thirty-eight percent of the samples were classified as concordant, 52% were partly concordant and 10% were discordant CONCLUSION: We suggest kidney stones be routinely submitted to both types of analysis for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in lithogenesis

Dimethylsulfoxide attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the protective role of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in a rat model of testis ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomized in two equal groups. Control rats (G-1) received saline 2.0 ml intraperitoneally (ip) 21, 9 and 1 h before torsion. Experimental rats (G-2) received ip injections of 3% aqueous solution of DMSO, 0.1ml/10g body weight. Saline was added to complete 2.0ml when necessary. I/R injury was induced in anesthetized rats by torsion of the right testis lasting 3 hours. Testis and blood samples were collected at the end of ischemia (T-0) and 3 hours later (T-3) for assessment of testis malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and plasma total antioxidant power (TAP). RESULTS: MDA levels decreased significantly in G-2 rats compared with G-1 animals in all time-points. GSH levels increased significantly in T-0 and T-3 time-points in DMSO pretreated rats compared with G-1 rats. GSH levels increased significantly during reperfusion in G-2 rats. TAP was similar in both groups denoting absence of systemic effects in this study. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with DMSO reduces testis lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress caused by torsion/detorsion of the testis.

FT-Raman spectroscopy for the differentiation between cutaneous melanoma and pigmented nevus

Abstract: Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and Ft-Raman spectroscopy has been studied as a potential method that could be a real alternative for early diagnosis of neoplasms. PURPOSE: To qualify the spectral FT-Raman data, in order to differentiate cutaneous melanoma and pigmented nevus. METHODS: For this study, 10 samples of cutaneous melanoma, 9 samples of pigmented nevi, and 10 samples of normal skin were obtained by incisional biopsies performed during plastic surgeries ex vivo, immediately after removing the surgical sample. RESULTS: The FT-Raman spectra of each group presented a high correlation between the elements of the same group, thus favoring the elaboration of spectral averages. When analyzing the spectral standard of each group, the normal skin standard did not show a significant variation between the spectra; the standard of the pigmented nevi group showed significant variation, and the cutaneous melanoma group also showed variation. Through univariate analysis, specific bands were detected for each vibrational mode identified. The discriminatory analysis of the data showed a 75.3% efficiency of the differentiation between the three groups studied. CONCLUSION: The vibrational modes Polysaccharides, Tyrosine and Amide-I differentiated the melanoma from the pigmented nevus.

Morphological changes in distant muscle fibers following thermal injury in Wistar rats

Abstract: OBJETIVO: A lesao termica conduz o organismo a processos catabolicos a fim de reparar a area lesada. O proposito do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da lesao termica por escaldadura na morfologia das fibras musculares de um musculo distante da lesao. METODOS: Foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar, divididos em: Grupo submetido a lesao termica por escaldadura (S) e Grupo Controle (C). A escaldadura foi provocada em 45% da superficie corporal dos animais e padronizada pelo peso corporeo. A eutanasia ocorreu nos periodos pos-lesao de quatro, sete e 14 dias. Retirou-se a parte media dos musculos gastrocnemio medial os quais foram submetidos a tecnica histologica de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Picrosirius. RESULTADOS: O aspecto poligonal das fibras musculares, com nucleos perifericos, bem como a distribuicao equidistante das mesmas, caracteristico das descricoes da musculatura normal, verificado nos animais do grupo C nao foi uma constante nas fibras do musculo dos animais do grupo S. Nestes, muitas fibras exibiram contorno arredondado, diferentes intensidades de marcacao bem como maior distanciamento entre as mesmas. Observou-se ainda aumento substancial da quantidade de tecido conjuntivo no grupo S. CONCLUSAO: Houve alteracao da morfologia do musculo distante da lesao como resposta a lesao termica de 45% em modelo experimental.

Effects of a highly concentrated platelet-rich plasma on the bone repair using non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits

Abstract: PURPOSE: To verify the effect of highly concentrated platelet-rich plasma (hPRP) in the pathways of bone repair using non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits. METHODS: The hPRP was produced from collected venous blood of 21 rabbits. Four non-critical defects of 8 mm in diameter were created on the calvaria of each animal. The defects were all treated differently: autogenous particled bone (APB, group 1), autogenous particled bone associated with hPRP (APB + hPRP, group 2), isolated hPRP (group 3), and blood clot (control, group 4). Animals were submitted to euthanasia on the 2nd, 4th and 6th week postoperatively. Histological and histomorphometric analysis were carried through. RESULTS: After two weeks, groups 1 and 2 were in more advanced stage of repair than 3 and 4. At this period, comparing the groups 1 and 2, no significant differences were found between both, which also happened between the groups 3 and 4. However, after four and six weeks, the group 1 showed a more advanced stage of repair among all the other studied groups, while group 2 was in more advanced signs of bone repair than groups 3 and 4. Comparing groups 3 and 4, after four and six weeks, the least advanced stage of bone repair was found to be within group 3. CONCLUSION: The use of a highly concentrated PRP was considered prejudicial to the repair of non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits, either in the association of autogenous particled bone, when compared to autogenous particled bone alone, or in its isolated form, when compared to blood clot (control).

Pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with morbid obesity six months after bariatric surgery.

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Investigar a evolucao do peso corporeo, da funcao pulmonar e da qualidade de vida de 20 pacientes obesos morbidos seis meses apos operacao de Fobi-Capella. METODOS: Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e seis meses apos a cirurgia e o sexo feminino predominou em 75%, com media de idade de 40,5 anos ± 10, 27, media de peso de 110,11 kg ± 21,77 e IMC de 39,93 kg/m2 ± 7,13. Para a avaliacao da funcao pulmonar foi realizada espirometria por meio do espirometro Pulmonet Godart NV Bilt Vetr Holland, e para a qualidade de vida foi aplicado o questionario de Moorehead-Ardelt. As comparacoes entre os valores espirometricos do pre e do pos-operatorio foram realizadas pelo teste t de Student para amostras pareadas, e para a correlacao entre a perda de peso e funcao pulmonar utilizou-se analise de regressao linear simples, adotando-se p < 0,05 para todos os resultados. RESULTADOS: As variaveis espirometricas Frequencia Respiratoria (FR), Volume de Reserva Expiratorio (VRE) e Capacidade Residual Funcional (CRF) apresentaram, aos seis meses apos a operacao, diferenca estatisticamente significativa com os valores pre-operatorios, porem, nao houve diferenca significativa de Volume Residual (VR), Capacidade Vital (CV), Capacidade Pulmonar Total (CPT), Fluxo Expiratorio Medio entre 25 e 75% da curva de CVF (FEF25-75%) e Razao entre Volume Expiratorio Forcado no 1o segundo e Capacidade Vital Forcada (VEF1/CVF %). Apenas uma paciente relatou piora da qualidade de vida apos a operacao. Houve correlacao positiva entre a perda da porcentagem do excesso de peso e VRE (p=0,0117, r=0,5514); as demais variaveis nao apresentaram correlacao significativa. CONCLUSOES: Houve perda significante de peso, melhora da funcao pulmonar evidenciada pela reducao da frequencia respiratoria, aumento do volume de reserva expiratorio e da capacidade residual funcional. A qualidade de vida dos pacientes melhorou nos seis meses apos a operacao de Fobi-Capella.

Postconditioning effect in the hepatic ischemia and reperfusion in rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of postconditioning protection in liver tissue of rats submitted to ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS: 25 Wistar male rats were randomized in three groups: Group A (ischemia and reperfusion - I/R), with 10 rats, which was made ischemia by vascular clamp application in hepatic hilum for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes by removal of the clamp; Group B (Postconditioning - IPo), with 10 rats, with same procedure plus postconditioning (3 cycles of reperfusion inserted by 3 cycles of ischemia, 30 seconds for each phase, between ischemia and reperfusion phases); and Group C (Sham), with 5 rats, which took place only laparotomy and manipulation of the hepatic hilum. Specimens were examined (histological evaluation) and dosage of serum AST and ALT was made. The statistical analysis was made with t Student test, with significant difference when p<0.05. RESULTS: In the Sham group there was no histological or enzymatic changes; In group A the mean tissue lesion was 1.6 and in group B 1.1 (p=0.014). In group A the mean ALT level was 355U/l and in group B was 175.9U/l (p=0.016). The mean of AST was 828.8U/l in group A and 295.5U/l in group B (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The postconditioning was able to minimize the severity of liver injury in rats submitted to ischemia and reperfusion.

Parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis

Abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of parenteral versus enteral nutritional support in severe acute pancreatitis, with respect to efficacy, safety, morbidity, mortality and length of hospitalization. METHODS: The study was comprised of 31 patients, divided into a parenteral group (n=16) and an enteral group (n=15), who met severity criteria for abdominal tomography (Balthazar classes C, D, and E). The patients were compared by demographics, disease etiology, antibiotic prophylaxis, use or not of somatostatin, nutritional support, complications and disease progression. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the average duration of nutritional support, somatostatin, or antibiotics in the two groups. Imipenem was the drug of choice for prophylaxis of pancreatic infections in both groups. More complications occurred in the parenteral group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.10). Infectious complications, such as catheter sepsis and infections of the pancreatic tissue, were significantly more frequent in the parenteral group (p=0.006). There was no difference in average length of hospitalization in the two groups. There were three deaths in the parenteral group and none in the enteral group. CONCLUSION: Enteral nutritional support is associated with fewer septic complications compared to parenteral nutritional support.

End-to-side nerve repair using fibrin glue in rats

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar a regeneracao axonal apos anastomose nervosa termino-lateral (ATL) usando cola de fibrina em ratos METODOS: Quarenta e cinco ratos Wistar distribuidos em tres grupos: os animais do grupo A (n=15) nao foram submetidos a seccao nervosa (grupo controle); os animais do grupo B (n=15) foram submetidos apenas a seccao do nervo fibular, sem posterior anastomose; e os animais do grupo C (n=15) foram submetidos a seccao do nervo fibular e a ATL com cola de fibrina no nervo tibial Posteriormente, os animais foram submetidos a dois testes de marcha (30 e 90 dias) e a analise morfometrica (90 dias) RESULTADOS: A analise estatistica dos testes de marcha demonstrou que o grupo A nao apresentou alteracao no padrao de caminhada durante o estudo (p>0,05) O grupo B apresentou prejuizo motor no primeiro e no segundo teste (p>0,05) O grupo C apresentou um padrao de atrofia no primeiro teste, com recuperacao da marcha no segundo teste (p<0,05) Na analise morfometrica, o grupo C apresentou regeneracao axonal significativamente superior ao grupo B (p<0,05) CONCLUSAO: A ATL realizada com cola de fibrina resultou em regeneracao axonal no rato, demonstrada tanto histologicamente quanto funcionalmente

Platelet-rich plasma in bone repair of irradiated tibiae of Wistar rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of PRP addition on bone repair of circular defects created in irradiated tibiae of rats by histometric analysis. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats had the right tibiae irradiated with 30 Gy. After 30 days monocortical defects were created and platelet-rich plasma was applied in 30 rats. In the control group defects were created but not filled. The animals were desanguinated after 4, 7, 14, 21, 56 and 84 days and the tibiae removed for histological processing. RESULTS: There was a tendency in the PRP group to increased bone neoformation from 14-days to 84-days; in the control group increased bone neoformation was not seen after 21 days or later. CONCLUSION: The addition of platelet-rich plasma had a beneficial effect in the initial cellular regeneration period and enhanced bone formation in later periods when compared to control.

Ingestion of polydextrose increase the iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy

Abstract: Purpose : To investigate whether polydextrose stimulates iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy and sham operated. Methods : The rats were submitted to partial gastrectomy (Billroth II) or laparotomy (sham-operated control), in groups of 20 and20 each respectively. The animals were fed with a control diet (AIN-93M) without polydextrose or a diet containing polydextrose(50g/Kg of diet) for eight weeks. They were divided into four subgroups: sham-operated and Billroth II gastrectomy and with orwithout polydextrose. Two animals died during the experiment. All rats submitted to gastrectomy received B-12 vitamin(intramuscular) each two weeks. The hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured at the start and on day 30 and 56after the beginning of the experimental period. At the end of the study, the blood was collected for determination of serum ironconcentration. Results : The diet with polydextrose reduced the excretion of iron. Apparent iron absorption was higher in thepolydextrose fed groups than in the control group. The haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were lower after Billroth IIgastrectomy rats fed the control diet as compared to the polydextrose diet groups.

Differential diagnosis in primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma by FT-Raman spectroscopy

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Qualificar os dados espectrais FT-Raman do melanoma cutâneo primario e metastatico e assim realizar o diagnostico diferencial. METODOS: Foram utilizadas amostras de 10 fragmentos de pele sem alteracoes clinicas ou histopatologicas, 10 de melanomas cutâneos e 9 de metastases linfonodais; 105, 140 and 126 espectros foram obtidos respectivamente. Cada amostra foi dividida em 2 ou 3 fracoes de 2 mm3 e posicionada no porta amostras do espectrometro Raman para obtencao dos espectros, por meio da excitacao do espalhamento inelastico pelo laser de Nd:YAG em 1064 nm incididos na amostra. RESULTADOS: Para diferenciar os tres grupos formados de acordo com as caracteristicas fornecidas pelos espectros, realizamos a analise discriminante dos dados. As variaveis espectrais Fenilalanina, DNA e Amida-I se destacaram na capacidade de diferenciacao dos tres grupos histologicos. A porcentagem de classificacao correta utilizando estes criterios foi de 93,1%; o que mostra a eficiencia da analise realizada. CONCLUSAO: A espectroscopia FT-Raman e capaz de diferenciar o melanoma de sua metastase, assim como da pele normal.

Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats as an experimental model of brain ischemia

Abstract: PURPOSE: To assess a rat model of cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and its effect on the area of cerebral infarction. METHODS: Brain ischemia was induced in 52 male Wistar rats by introduction of a 3-0 nylon suture into the middle cerebral artery for either 90 (n=28) or 120 (n=24) minutes. Ischemic injury volume was determined by TTC staining, digital photography and analysis with the Image J software. Statistical analysis employed Student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of weight (p=0.59). The length of thread inserted was 14.7 mm in the 90 min group and 20.2 mm in the 120 min group (p=0.37). Ischemic injury was detected in 11 animals (39%) after 90 min and 11 (45%) after 120 min (p=0.77). In animals exhibiting injury, filament length was 16.1±11 mm (90 min) vs. 21.9±7.4 mm (120 min) (p=0.15). The mean infarction zone volume was greater after 120 (259.2 mm3) than after 90 min (162.9 mm3) (p=0.04). The neurological deficit score for the 90 and 120 min groups was 2.0 and 2.4, respectively (p=0.84). CONCLUSION: The experimental model induced significant ischemic cerebral injury in both groups.

Obesity and abdominal wound healing in rats

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Treatment for obesity essentially has to do with weight loss, which can be achieved through surgical procedures. Despite the considerable rise in the number of such procedures, the relationship between obesity and the healing process has not been totally clarified. PURPOSE: To investigate abdominal wound healing in obese Wistar rats on the seventh and fourteenth days following a laparotomy. METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two groups, the control and experiment group. The control group were fed on either a standard diet for the species and the experiment group were put on a high calorie diet. After 116 days, all the animals were submitted to a laparotomy followed by laparorrhaphy. After euthanasia on the seventh or fourteenth day, fragments of the abdominal wound containing the scar were submitted to histopathological and tensiometric analysis. RESULTS: The average weight of the animals from the experiment group was higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). The difference in the resistance of the cutaneous scars was not significant. The aponeurotic scars were more resistant in the control group after seven days (p=0.011) and fourteen days (p=0.040). There was no difference in terms of intensity of the inflammatory reaction and the collagen density was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In rats, obesity lowered the resistance of the aponeurotic scars but not the skin scars. It did not interfere with the delayed inflammatory response and the collagen density.

Cimentos de agregado trióxido mineral e Portland no tratamento de perfurações radiculares

Abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical, radiological and histological evaluation of root perforations treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or Portland cements, and calcium sulfate barrier. METHODS: One molar and 11 premolar teeth of a male mongrel dog received endodontic treatment and furcations were perforated with a high-speed round bur and treated with a calcium sulfate barrier. MTA, Portland cement type II (PCII) and type V (PCV), and white Portland cement (WPC) were used as obturation materials. The teeth were restored with composite resin and periapical radiographs were taken. The animal was euthanized 120 days post-surgery for treatment evaluation. RESULTS: Right lower first premolar (MTA), right lower third premolar (PCV), left lower second premolar (MTA), and right lower second premolar (WPC): clinically normal, slightly radio-transparent area on the furcation, little inflammatory infiltrate, and new-bone formation. Left lower third premolar (PCII), right upper first premolar (WPC), right upper third premolar (PCII), and left upper first molar (PCV): clinically normal, radiopaque area on the furcation, and new-bone formation. Right upper second premolar (MTA), left upper second premolar (WPC), left upper third premolar (PCII): presence of furcation lesion, large radiolucent area, and intense inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION: All obturation materials used in this study induced new-bone formation.

The effect of copaiba balsam on Walker 256 carcinoma inoculated into the vagina and uterine cervix of female rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: To verify the copaiba balsam (Copaifera officinalis) effect on Walker 256 carcinoma inoculated into vagina and uterine cervix of rats. METHODS: Eighteen female Wistar rats weighing between 180-250g were used, distributed into 2 groups (GCop, GC). On the 1st day of the experiment, 0.3 ml of Walker 256 carcinoma (2x106 concentration) was inoculated in both groups; on the 3rd day of the experiment, it was given 4.8 ml/kg of distilled water to the GC group, and 4.8 ml/kg of copaiba balsam to the GCop group. On the 12th day, euthanasia was performed and the tumor was grafted, being weighted and verified its volume. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with ANOVA test. RESULTS: It was observed that copaiba balsam presented a negative inhibitory potential of 70%. CONCLUSION: The copaiba balsam stimulated the tumor growth.

Effect of the oral administration of monosodium glutamate during pregnancy and breast-feeding in the offspring of pregnant Wistar rats

Abstract: PURPOSE: Determine the effects of the MSG (monosodium glutamate) in the offspring of pregnant rats through the comparison of the weight, NAL (nasal-anal length) and IL (Index of Lee) at birth and with 21 days of life. METHODS: Pregnant Wistar rats and their offspring were divided into 3 groups: GC, G10 and G20. Each of the groups received 0%, 10% and 20% of MSG, respectively from coupling until the end of the weaning period. RESULTS: Neither weight nor NAL were different among the groups at birth. The group G20 at birth had an IL lower than the group GC (p<0,05) and with 21 days of life presented weight and NAL lower than the groups G10 and this lower than the GC (p<0,01). Otherwise the G20 at 21 days of life had the IL similar to the other two groups. The weight profit percentage from birth to the 21st day of life was lower in the G20 regarding the other two groups (p<0,01). The G20 had a NAL increase percentage from birth to the 21st day of life lower than the G10 and this lower than the GC (p<0,01). CONCLUSIONS: MSG presented a dose-dependent relation in the variables weight and NAL. It caused a decrease in the growth pattern as well as in the weight gain pattern until the 21st day of life. The IL of the group 20% had an increased in relation to the control group after 3 weeks of follow up.

Rupture point analysis of intestinal anastomotic healing in rats under the action of pure Copaíba (Copaifera Iangsdorfii) oil.

Abstract: PURPOSE: Analyze the mechanical strength of digestive tract scar after intestinal anastomosis surgery in animals treated with pure Copaiba oil METHODS: 60 Wistar rats, male, about 250 days old and weighting around 350g were used The rats were randomly divided into two groups: Group O, with 30 animals that received Copaiba oil and Group C, with 30 animals that received saline Each group was subdivided into three subgroups, containing 10 rats each They were designated O7, O14, O28, C7, C14 and C28, according to the post-operative assessment date at 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively On these dates euthanasia was performed with the removal of the bowel segment containing the anastomosis and assigning the samples to tensile test for assessing Maximum Stress, Maximum Tensile Strength and Maximum Rupture Strength RESULTS: On the three variables of the study, the results indicate that, for the three assessment periods (7, 14 and 28 days) there was no significant difference between the oil and control groups CONCLUSION: For the mechanical tests proposed by this study, Copaiba oil didn´t show any effectiveness in increasing the anatomosis strength

Effects of the povidone-iodine (PVPI) in treatment of bacterial peritonitis induced in rats.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the povidone-iodine (PVI) added to the liquid of wash of the peritoneal cavity in the reduction of bacterial absorption and in the remainder non-phagocyted bacteria in the circulating blood of rat. METHODS: Thirty four Wistar females rats were used, distributed in the following groups: A (n=10), non-treated; B (n=9), wash of the peritoneal cavity with solution of PVI to 1% in saline solution; C (n=15), wash of the cavity with saline solution. After anesthesia, it was made intraperitoneal infusion of solution of Escherichia coli labeled with 99mTc containing 108 CFU/ml. After 40 minutes, it was made the treatment, in the group A, manipulation of the viscera; in the group B, irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with warm solution of 1% PVPI to 37,5oC, and in the group C irrigation with warm saline (37,5oC). After 15 minutes of the treatment, blood samples and fragments of liver, spleen and lung was obtained for count of the radioactivity, and animals killed by abdominal aorta section. There were determined the bacterial absorption index and the remainder index in the bloodstream. RESULTS: Of the total of bacteria infused in the peritoneum, there was absorption of 0,92% (0,14% to 2,13%) in the animals of the group A (controls), 0,49% (0,18% to 0,71%) after use of topical PVPI (group B) and 0,80% (0,04% to 3,8%) after wash with saline solution (group C). There was significant reduction of the absorption when compared the treated animals with PVPI and the controls (p=0,003). Of the total of bacteria absorbed for the circulatory current, the percentile amount of bacteria non-phagocyted in the outlying blood was of 2,9% (1,1% to 17,7%) in the control group, 15,2% (8,3% to 21,4%) in those treated with PVPI (group B) and 6,9% (0,8% to 29,7%) after wash with saline solution (group C), with difference among controls and treated with PVPI (p=0,01). CONCLUSION: The wash of the cavity peritoneal of mice with solution containing PVPI showed to be capable to reduce the absorption of bacteria by peritoneum of rat; however it seems to interfere with the function of the phagocytic cells for the observation of the increase of viable bacteria in the outlying blood of those animals.