Alcohol 

TL;DR: Prevention and therapy opposing the development of steatosis and its progression to more severe injury can be achieved by a multifactorial approach: control of alcohol consumption, avoidance of obesity and of excess dietary long-chain fatty acids, and replenishment of S-adenosylmethionine and PCs by using PPC.

TL;DR: The data suggest that ethanol can stimulate the release of both DA and 5-HT in the ACC and that the action of ethanol within the ACC may be mediated in part by 5- HT3 receptors.

TL;DR: How the shift in the balance of cytokine-induced defensive and damage responses in hepatocytes contributes to the liver injury that occurs in alcoholic hepatitis remains poorly characterized and should be a rewarding area for future studies.

TL;DR: It is concluded that patients with alcohol-induced liver injury have altered bowel flora compared to healthy controls and short-term oral supplementation with B. bifidum and L. plantarum 8PA3 was associated with restoration of the bowel flora and greater improvement in alcohol- induced liver injury than standard therapy alone.

TL;DR: Probiotics could preserve normal barrier function in an animal model of ALD by preventing alcohol-induced oxidative stress and thus prevent the development of hyperpermeability and subsequent alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) in rats and provides a scientific rationale to test probiotics for treatment and/or prevention of alcoholic liver disease in man.