Showing papers in "American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 1994"

TL;DR: A short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), derived and tested for reliability and validity among a sample of well older adults in a large Health Maintenance Organization, showed good predictive accuracy when compared to the full-length 20-item version.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the incidence of training-related injuries in infantry units is high and a number of modifiable injury risk factors were identified, suggesting that many of these injuries may be preventable.

TL;DR: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs must be targeted toward the educational level of the populations served, and HIV services must adapt to the financial circumstances of their clientele.

TL;DR: No randomized clinical trial data are available to prove conclusively the benefits of favorable modifications of body weight, body fat distribution, physical activity, and diet on the risk of NIDDM.

TL;DR: Investigation of relationships among predictors of breast self-examination (BSE) derived from the Health Belief Model and behavioral self-regulation theory showed that several psychological variables--including reasons fordoing BSE, self-efficacy, and barriers to doing BSE--were related to frequency of BSE.

TL;DR: Although most Missouri residents with these modifiable risk factors reported seeing their physicians within the past year, less than half reported that they received advice from their physicians to alter their risk behavior(s); further efforts are necessary to increase the effectiveness of physician advice for at-risk patients about quitting smoking, losing weight, and increasing physical activity.

TL;DR: How the designated driver concept serves as a vehicle for changing social norms, the national designated driver campaign and the involvement of the public and private sectors are described, and public opinion findings documenting the wide popularity and growing usage are presented.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a stage-specific brief advice program enhances short-term movement through the stages-of-change of smoking cessation and indicates potential benefits of a staged approach for both clinicians and their patients.

TL;DR: An independent evaluation of the California Department of Health Services' tobacco education media campaign featured four waves of data-gathering, and believes the media campaign had a number of positive effects on California students.

TL;DR: Characteristics of smokers who have and have not attempted to quit and of those who recently succeeded are compared to determine whether these characteristics vary for men and women, and to target smokers who attempt to quit, but fail.

TL;DR: Data collected during the West Virginia Spinal Cord Injury Registry's first three years of operation were supplemented by data from registries in neighboring states and proved useful in describing spinal cord injury in West Virginia and has potential public health use in guiding prevention programs.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a telephone intervention strategy of personal contacts between acquainted women can significantly increase mammography use, particularly among women with low-to-moderate income.

TL;DR: The associational tools of local communities are now the most important health-giving resources and health professionals must learn the nature of these tools and understand their relation to and support of them.

TL;DR: The present value of future cost savings for a case of HIV prevented ranged from $56,000 to $80,000, which may prove useful in assigning a systematic economic value to an HIV infection averted that can be used in cost-benefit analyses of HIV prevention interventions.

TL;DR: Birth in Washington State, membership in a large Washington State tribe, and death from an alcohol condition independently added to the likelihood of correct AI or AN racial classification, and persons who died from cancer were significantly less likely to be correctly coded asAI or AN on the death certificate.

TL;DR: A population-based national cross-sectional blood pressure survey in Korea in 1990 was performed, and the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its risk factors varied widely by area of residence.

TL;DR: Although smoking prevalence decreased over the four years, smoking cessation in the 12 months prior to the survey was unrelated to exposure to PLDF, and nonsmokers, women, older adults, and less acculturated persons were more likely to report exposure toPLDF.

TL;DR: The role of alcohol as a determinant of age-related cataract is largely unexplored, although a possible influence has been suggested by previous retrospective and cross-sectional studies.

TL;DR: The implications of research call for the development of innovative programs to address larger issues, such as poverty and limited access to health care, in the management and prevention of adolescent pregnancies.

TL;DR: Three pilot studies that systematically compared various strategies to encourage annual returns by asymptomatic women 50 years of age and older found a significant increase in return rates when a mailed reminder on the referring physician's letterhead was sent by the mammography facility versus no reminder.

TL;DR: Examination of dimensionality of personal health practices among 1,171 men and 1,854 women included in a national probability sample of adults 20 to 64 years of age living in the coterminous United States found women were relatively stable in their tendencies toward both passive-risk and active-risk behavior, regardless of age or education.

TL;DR: The increased maternal smoking prevalence in older single mothers and the higher maternalsmoking prevalence in women with Medicaid-funded deliveries suggest that infants born to these mothers may be particularly susceptible to smoking-related health effects.

TL;DR: It is found the increase in Medicaid enrollment that occurred after the expansion was greatest for teenage mothers and suggests the need to evaluate carefully subsequent regulatory changes, which sought to promote early prenatal care by removing barriers to early Medicaid enrollment in pregnancy.

TL;DR: It is suggested that former smokers are a diverse group and should not be compared to other smoking-status groups without evaluation of the time interval since smoking cessation.

TL;DR: Patterns of helmet use and attitudes toward helmets among horseback riders are analyzed and it is found that increasing helmet use will require major educational efforts with horseback Riders and design changes by manufacturers.

TL;DR: The participant intervention increased recall of physician referral and dietary recommendations; however, neither intervention successfully improved compliance to referral or dietary and lifestyle recommendations.

TL;DR: The literature between 1980 and 1991 concerning the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Native Americans and Alaska Natives is reviewed and limitations inherent in comparison are described and the need for standardization of methodology is addressed.