Showing papers in "Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism in 2007"
TL;DR: Overall, inadequate intake and status of these vitamins and minerals may lead to suppressed immunity, which predisposes to infections and aggravates malnutrition.
Abstract: Adequate intakes of vitamins and trace elements are required for the immune system to function efficiently. Micronutrient deficiency suppresses immune functions by affecting the innate T-cell-mediated
626 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach to identify proteins from the stromal-vascular fraction of the human mammary adipose tissue.
Abstract: Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ involved in storage and release of energy but also in regulation of energy metabolism in other organs via secretion of peptide and protein hormones (adipokines). Especially visceral adipose tissue has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Factors secreted by the stromal-vascular fraction contribute to the secretome and modulate adipokine secretion by adipocytes. Therefore, we aimed at the characterization of the adipose tissue secretome rather than the adipocyte cell secretome. The presence of serum proteins and intracellular proteins from damaged cells, released during culture, may dramatically influence the dynamic range of the sample and thereby identification of secreted proteins. Part of the study was therefore dedicated to the influence of the culture setup on the quality of the final sample. Visceral adipose tissue was cultured in five experimental setups, and the quality of resulting samples was evaluated in terms of protein concentration and protein composition. The best setup involved one wash after the 1st h in culture followed by two or three additional washes within an 8-h period, starting after overnight culture. Thereafter tissue was maintained in culture for an additional 48–114 h to obtain the final sample. For the secretome experiment, explants were cultured in media containing L-[C6, N2]lysine to validate the origin of the identified proteins (adipose tissueor serum-derived). In total, 259 proteins were identified with >99% confidence. 108 proteins contained a secretion signal peptide of which 70 incorporated the label and were considered secreted by adipose tissue. These proteins were classified into five categories according to function. This is the first study on the (human) adipose tissue secretome. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the role of adipose tissue in whole body energy metabolism and related diseases. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 6: 589–600, 2007. Adipose tissue is a key organ for the regulation of energy metabolism. Besides its function as an energy storage depot in the form of triglycerides, adipose tissue secretes a variety of peptide and protein hormones (adipokines) involved in the regulation of energy metabolism such as leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein-4, adipsin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (1–3). Dysregulation of the production of adipokines and free fatty acids contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases associated with energy metabolism such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Especially visceral adipose tissue has been implicated in the development of these diseases (2–4). Therefore, more insight into the visceral adipose tissue secretome will contribute to a better understanding of its role in energy metabolism and related diseases and may lead to the discovery of unknown peptides/proteins involved in regulation of energy metabolism and new targets for therapy. Besides adipocytes, adipose tissue contains endothelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts (stromal fraction) that may modulate the overall peptide and protein secretion pattern of the tissue via cross-talk between the different cell types. For example, factors secreted by macrophages have been shown to induce changes in the secretion of adipokines, free fatty acids, and glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes (5). These interactions between cells from the stromal fraction and adipocytes are necessary for physiological functions of adipose tissue, and deregulation of this cross-talk is regarded as an important mechanism leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (6–9). Therefore, the tissue secretome provides more relevant information for the in vivo situation than the adipocyte cell secretome. To date, no studies have been published on the adipose tissue secretome. Several studies investigated the human (10), mouse (11–14), and rat (15) adipose tissue proteome, mostly using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach. Celis et al. (16) analyzed the human mammary adipose tissue proteome. The secretome from adipocyte cells has been investigated by Kratchmarova et al. (17) and Wang
211 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that prolonged intermittent fasting in a model like Ramadan has some positive effects on the inflammatory status of the body and on the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as homocysteine, CRP and TC/HDL ratio.
Abstract: Background: It is well known that nutritional habits, sleeping patterns and meal frequency have profound effects on maintaining human health. Ramadan is a religious month for Islam,
157 citations
TL;DR: This pilot study tested the gastric juices of 25 Italian subjects on the artificial substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-N,N’,diacetylchitobiose or/and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to demonstrate the presence of a chitinase activity and confirmed that this activity was characteristic of AMCase.
Abstract: Chitin digestion by humans has generally been questioned or denied. Only recently chitinases have been found in several human tissues and their role has been associated with defense against parasite i
118 citations
TL;DR: Cocoa powder dissolved in milk as one of the most common ways of cocoa powder consumption seems to have a negative effect on the absorption of polyphenols; however, statistical analyses have shown that milk does not impair the bioavailability ofpolyphenols and thus their potential beneficial effect in chronic and degenerative disease prevention.
Abstract: Background: The beneficial effects of cocoa polyphenols depend on the amount consumed, their bioavailability and the biological activities of the formed conjugates. The food matrix
111 citations
TL;DR: The biochemical indicators examined in this study confirmed differences in self-reported micronutrient intake between supplement and nonsupplement users for vitamin D, beta-carotene, folate, n–3 fatty acids, flavonoids and iodine.
Abstract: Background/Aims: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a database for dietary supplements were developed for use in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The aim of
105 citations
TL;DR: Overweight children had poorer results on weight-bearing tasks and the good results in static strength, coordination and speed of limb movements in overweight children should be considered in the promotion of physical activity programs for overweight children.
Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the effect of physical performance and extracurricular organized physical activities (EOPA) in normal- and overweight children. Methods: A rando
94 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that reduced risks of CHD and other cardiovascular diseases are found with 18:3n–3 fatty acid as well, and significant improvement in n–6/n– 3 fatty acid ratio was observed for all chia diets when compared to the control.
Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death in the Western world. In both the USA and the EU it accounts for over 600,000 deaths yearly. Early data showing the benefits n–3 fatty ac
90 citations
TL;DR: Zinc supplementation appeared to have a favorable effect on thyroid hormone levels, particularly total T3, and RMR, in zinc-deficient, physically active women.
Abstract: Background/Aims: Zinc is crucial for proper thyroid hormone metabolism; zinc deficiency may result in decreased thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate (RMR). The purpose
86 citations
TL;DR: Higher DHA values in preterm than in full-term human milk underlines the importance of using own mother’s milk for feeding preterm babies and raises the question whether DHA contents in pre termformulae should be higher than in formulae for full- term infants.
Abstract: Background: Fatty acid composition of human milk serves as guidance for the composition of infant formulae. The aim of the study was to systematically review data on the fatty acid
85 citations
TL;DR: Although subjects with vitamin D <30 ng/ml had significantly lower BMD, only sex, age and PTH but not 25(OH)D were predictors of BMD at the spine and hip and is an important risk factor for low bone mass, falls and fractures.
Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin D is a vital element for bone health but the problem of vitamin D deficiency is underestimated in Hong Kong. Methods: Serum 25(OH)D and para
TL;DR: It is suggested that lifestyle plus exercise intervention may be an effective means to improve several variables in the health hazards of obesity in Korean adolescent girls, with no change in circulating adiponectin.
Abstract: Background/Aims: Little is known about whether lifestyle plus exercise intervention improves obesity, metabolic syndrome markers, and circulating adiponectin concentrations in obese
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that soy protein with low or high isoflavone content may have therapeutic significance in reducing severity of diabetes, MS, and renal disease as demonstrated in this preclinical model of Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats.
Abstract: Background/Aims: Previously, we demonstrated that soy protein ameliorates the diabetic phenotype in several rodent models of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). This study was desi
TL;DR: The use of a new portable device based on a UT produced a very accurate BF% estimate in relation to theDEXA reference technique, and the limits of agreement with BIA and ADP are unacceptably high compared to a DEXA measure criterion.
Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the accuracy of body fat percentage (BF%) estimates from a portable, non-traumatizing ultrasound device with high accuracy and reliability compared to dual-energy
TL;DR: Results indicated that as a group the alterations implicated in metabolic syndrome were indeed associated with variations in blood levels of the mineral elements considered, though statistically significant differences were recorded only in the case of copper.
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome is a clinical disorder that is becoming more prevalent in Spain. The syndrome encompasses a set of metabolic disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, which may be associated with variations in serum levels and poor delivery of certain mineral elements. Methods: This study attempted to ascertain whether metabolic syndrome might be linked to alterations in serum levels of the mineral elements magnesium, copper, zinc, chromium, and nickel in a population of 92 diabetic subjects, some suffering from certain conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome, and 72 control subjects (Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain). Results: The results indicated that as a group the alterations implicated in metabolic syndrome were indeed associated with variations in blood levels of the mineral elements considered, though statistically significant differences were recorded only in the case of copper. Still, trends in mineral levels for each of the separate components contributing to the syndrome tended to increase. Conclusion: Metabolic complications appear to be associated with alterations in the levels of some minerals, especially copper.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that tomato lycopene may have considerable natural therapeutic potential as an antioxidant but may not be used as a hypolipidemic agent in hypertension.
Abstract: Background: Results from observational studies suggest that the oxidative stress and hyperlipidemic status, which prevails in hypertension, plays an important role in causation of s
TL;DR: This study confirms that a protein isolated from L. albus is strongly hypotriglyceridemic in rats, shown for the first time that this effect is at least in part due to a downregulation of SREBP-1c in the liver which in turn leads to a reduction in hepatic fatty acid synthesis.
Abstract: Background: Recently, it has been shown that dietary lupin protein lowers plasma triglyceride concentrations in rats. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that this effect
TL;DR: Moderate beer consumption produced an immunomodulatory effect in a healthy adult Spanish population; this effect appears to be more relevant in women than in men.
Abstract: Background/Aim: Epidemiological studies have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower morbidity. However, intervention studies are needed to elucidate me
TL;DR: The hypothesis that dairy products, through calcium content or a correlated component, might have a negative association with the risk of breast cancer, particularly among premenopausal women, is supported.
Abstract: The aim was to estimate the association between dairy products (total and their subgroups), calcium intake and the risk of breast cancer. As few studies have considered menopausal status, we also inve
TL;DR: Findings support a change in the concept of MetS from that of a single entity to one that represents several distinct but intercorrelated entities.
Abstract: Aims: To assess the results of factor analysis of coronary artery disease risk factors in a large national representative sample of children, and to compare its results on the varia
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of germinated giant embryonic rice consumption on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant system in the human body was investigated. But the authors did not investigate the effect of the consumption of giant rice on the human liver.
Abstract: Background/Aims: The purpose of the current study is to investigate the influence of germinated giant embryonic rice consumption on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant system in ra
TL;DR: Dietary intake of the dominant vitamin K sources, green leafy vegetables and dairy products, as well as the plasma concentration of the carotenoid lutein were inversely associated with serum ucOC values.
Abstract: Background/Aims: To assess dietary and nondietary determinants of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) as a measure of vitamin K status. Methods: UcOC and t
TL;DR: The Swiss Society for Nutrition issued its Food Pyramid in 2005, which stands for a balanced diet that guarantees the body a sufficient supply of energy, essential nutrients and protective substances.
Abstract: The Swiss Society for Nutrition issued its Food Pyramid in 2005. It was updated according to the latest scientific evidence and is in principal agreement with food-based guidelines of other countries.
TL;DR: Early prevention through nutrition education programs on BP that include diet and exercise modifications is urgently needed in order to avoid certain chronic risk factors in early life.
Abstract: Background and Aims: Pediatric hypertension is urgently increasing in Greece. The purpose of this study is to record the prevalence of hypertension in schoolchildren and to relate dietary minerals to blood pressure (BP). Methods and Results: 308 males and 298 females, aged 7–15 years, from 10 schools in Northern Greece participated in the study. BP and dietary minerals were measured in all children. Twenty-seven and 12.3% of boys and 21.2 and 15.1% of girls were diagnosed with prehypertension systolic BP and systolic hypertension, respectively. For diastolic BP, 19 and 13.3% of boys and 21.5 and 15.1% of girls were diagnosed with prehypertension diastolic BP and diastolic hypertension, respectively. Systolic BP was significantly positively associated with age (β: 0.283, 95% CI: 1.440–2.484, p Conclusion: The current study tried to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among children in Northern Greece. Early prevention through nutrition education programs on BP that include diet and exercise modifications is urgently needed in order to avoid certain chronic risk factors in early life.
TL;DR: It can be said that the PH level increases following submaximal acute aerobic exercise, but does not alter after sub maximal aerobic training due to training duration or intensity, therefore, submaximo aerobic training decreases lipid profiles independent of thePH level.
Abstract: Background and Aims: Elevated plasma homocysteine (PH) levels have been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the influ
TL;DR: The daily consumption of milk and dairy products was deficient, that of vegetables and fresh fruits was rather low, while the frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, chips, sticks and fast foods was high, and nutrition intervention programs should be launched among Hungarian school children.
Abstract: Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the eating habits and the nutrient intake of 11- to 14-year-old school children as part of a representative nutrition and h
TL;DR: In this article, the relation of clinical parameters and genotype with the serum phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition in cystic fibrosis patients was evaluated, and the results showed that FA composition was positively associated with clinical parameters.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the relation of clinical parameters and genotype with the serum phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Methods:&l
TL;DR: Hypocaloric diet decreased GLP-1 levels in patients with weight loss with a significant improvement in anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors and only insulin levels remained as an independent predictor in the model.
Abstract: Objective: Basal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations seem to be attenuated in obese subjects, although statistical significance is unclear. Only a few studies have invest
TL;DR: The results suggest that water and methanol extracts of the enzyme-treated SH may be useful as potential antioxidant and antithrombus sources, respectively.
Abstract: This study was attempted to investigate antioxidant and antithrombus activities of water and methanol extracts of enzyme-treated Salicornia herbacea (SH)by in vitro assays observing the inhibitory activity of a rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging activity, activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) and thromboplastin times (TT). The water and methanol extracts from enzyme-treated SH inhibited the lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. The activity of enzyme-treated water and methanol extracts was stronger than that of non-enzyme-treated water and methanol extracts. The inhibitory activity of the water extract was higher at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml than that of the methanol extract. The activity was the highest in the enzyme-treated water extract, and was approximately 1.08 times higher than alpha-tocopherol, a natural antioxidant. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the SH extracts were similar to their lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The APTT of the water and methanol extracts was delayed at a concentration range of 0.25-2.0 mg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. The APTT of the methanol extract was longer at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml than that of the water extracts. The enzyme-treated methanol extract exhibited the longest APTT even at a concentration of 0.50 mg/ml. The TT activities of the SH extracts were also similar to their APTT activities. These results suggest that water and methanol extracts of the enzyme-treated SH may be useful as potential antioxidant and antithrombus sources, respectively.
TL;DR: Results suggest that taurine could be beneficial for the control of anxiety in the clinical situations and its anti-anxiety activity may not be linked to GABA receptor.
Abstract: Taurine has a variety of actions in the body such as cardiotonic, host-defensive, radioprotective and glucose-regulatory effects. However, its action in the central nervous system remains to be charac