Showing papers in "Applied Spectroscopy Reviews in 2017"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review some of the recent advances on FTIR spectroscopy in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology, and present an update on their previously published review on the applications of this technique.
Abstract: This article reviews some of the recent advances on FTIR spectroscopy in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology. It is an update on our previously published review on the applications of...
297 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the varieties of features and applications of 3D printing technologies used in the fabrication of sensors are reviewed for better understanding of the tools, and the development of new or hybrid manufacturing methods and materials used in 3D print technology will show its great advantages and potential for the fabrication with highly sensitive nanosensors or compound sensors with 3D intricate structures.
Abstract: Nowadays, sensors play an important role in human life. Among the many manufacturing methods used in the fabrication of sensors, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gradually shown its advantages, particularly with commercial products. Physical sensors, biosensors, and chemical sensors can all be fabricated via 3D printing technology, through either directly printing sensing components, printing molds for casting sensors, or printing platforms to be integrated with commercial sensors. In this article, the varieties of features and applications of 3D printing technologies used in the fabrication of sensors are reviewed. Several types of 3D printing technologies are compared for better understanding of the tools. With the development of new or hybrid manufacturing methods and materials used in the 3D printing technology, this technology will show its great advantages and potential in the fabrication of highly sensitive nanosensors or compound sensors with 3D intricate structures.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive collection of publications devoted to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and their modalities as well as their applications, up to April 30, 2016.
Abstract: Novel solvent microextraction techniques are presently receiving a great deal of interest from analytical chemists, as confirmed by the constantly increasing number of published papers on the topic. The present overview offers a comprehensive collection of publications devoted to dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and dispersive liquid-phase microextraction as well as their modalities. We cover the articles that were available online up to April 30, 2016. The applications of these techniques are summarized in the tables.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the application of vibrational spectroscopy in the field of dental material sciences is presented, which summarizes the information obtained from these two techniques and their application in dental materials.
Abstract: Recently, significant advancement has occurred in vibrational (Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] and Raman) spectroscopy associated with dental materials. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies have emerged as significant breakthrough techniques and offer exciting new possibilities in the area of dental materials. These techniques have been used to obtain chemical images of formulations and allow researchers to find out the in situ structure of materials. This review summarizes the information obtained from these two techniques and their application in dental material sciences. The presented database of vibrational spectroscopy facilitated the appropriate identification of frequently used dental materials ranging from filling, obturating, adhesive, lining/luting materials, and prosthodontics materials. Spectral peaks that are related to these materials are discussed in detail, which provided crucial data in understanding the chemical structural properties. The application of vibrational spectroscopy allowe...
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands of metal nanoparticles can be tuned from visible to near infrared region by varying the shape of the metal NPs.
Abstract: Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have been reviewed herein for their fascinating optical properties in a wide spectral range and for their various applications. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands of metal NPs can be tuned from visible to near infrared region by varying the shape of the metal NPs. As a result, the tuning of the SPR band over a spectral range is possible by making plasmonic NPs of different shapes. This review emphasizes fundamental studies of plasmonic NPs and nanocomposites with well-defined and controlled shapes that have several analytical applications such as molecular detection and determination in different fields. This review describes how oxidative etching and kinetic control can be utilized to manipulate the shape and optical properties of NPs. This review also describes the specific examples of the sensing applications of the localized surface plasmon resonance studies in which the researchers use both wavelength shift and surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing to ...
76 citations
TL;DR: A review of the methods used to correct the inner filter effects in conventional fluorescence spectroscopy can be found in this paper, where the advantages and limitations of these correction techniques are also discussed.
Abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy is frequently used to analyze the concentration of fluorescent materials in solution. However, in conventional fluorescence spectroscopy, the response between the fluorescence intensity and fluorophore concentration is nonlinear at high concentrations due to uncompensated inner-filter effects (IFE). Many methods to resolve this problem have been developed in recent decades. This review introduces the methods used to correct the IFE, including direct correction and parameter correction. Relevant detection parameters, including the materials, matrices, detection limits, detection instruments and relative standard deviations, are tabulated. The advantages and limitations of these correction techniques are also discussed. Finally, the methods used to correct for the IFE are summarized, and future research directions are discussed.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent analytical applications of evolved gas analysis performed by infrared spectroscopy (EGA-IR), selected among those published in the years 2013 to 2015, are collected.
Abstract: Several analytical instruments (like pyrolyzers, thermobalances, differential thermal analyzers, or calorimeters, and sometimes simply temperature-controlled reactors) can be on-line coupled to infrared spectrometers to perform evolved gas analysis (EGA). Advances in EGA techniques are currently proposed by the scientific literature because the possibility to on-line detect the nature of the released gases or vapors has become fundamental to proving a supposed reaction, either under isothermal or under heating conditions. In this review, recent analytical applications of evolved gas analysis performed by infrared spectroscopy (EGA-IR), selected among those published in the years 2013 to 2015, are collected.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a fast and non-destructive method for energy conversion of biomass is proposed. But this method is not suitable for high variability, making its utilization challenging.
Abstract: Biomass used in energy conversion processes is typically characterized by high variability, making its utilization challenging. Therefore, there is a need for a fast and non-destructive method to d ...
48 citations
TL;DR: Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and near infrared spectroscopic techniques offer versatile tools to assess biochemical composition and quality of articular cartilage and they also hold promise in disease diagnostics.
Abstract: Articular cartilage is a connective tissue that is located at the ends of long bones. Type II collagen, proteoglycans, water, and chondrocytes are the main constituents of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis, the most common joint disease in the world, causes degenerative changes in articular cartilage tissue. Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and near infrared spectroscopic techniques offer versatile tools to assess biochemical composition and quality of articular cartilage. These vibrational spectroscopic techniques can be used to broaden our understanding about the compositional changes during osteoarthritis, and they also hold promise in disease diagnostics. In this article, the current literature of articular cartilage spectroscopic studies is reviewed.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used for authentication of edible fats and oils, which is an ideal technique for monitoring the quality control of foods and oils due to its property as a fingerprint spectra technique.
Abstract: Edible fats and oils provide a significant contribution in our diet and daily life, as cooking or frying oil, or as components used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics products. Fats and oils are characterized by specific values, including acid value, saponification value, iodine value, and peroxide value, as well as the oxidation products which occur during storage due to oxidative and hydrolytic deterioration. Currently, due to the high price of edible fats and oils, some unethical producers adulterate high-value edible oils like olive oil with low-priced oils like palm and corn oils; therefore the authentication analysis of edible fats and oils must be assured by introducing reliable and fast methods like infrared spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is an ideal technique for monitoring the quality control of fats and oils due to its property as a “fingerprint spectra technique,” which allows analysts to differentiate among fats and oils. FTIR spectra signals of fats ...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes recent advances in defluoridation techniques and highlights the challenges and opportunities for future research in the important field of fluoride removal, including adsorbents/adsorption mechanism.
Abstract: With the constant rising demand for pure water to meet the needs of the growing population particularly in developing countries, fluoride remediation from drinking water has emerged as an increasingly important matter of public concern. In the past decade, significant efforts and advances have been made for developing efficient adsorbents for fluoride removal from water. This review summarizes recent advances (2012–2016) in defluoridation techniques and highlights the challenges and opportunities for future research in the important field of fluoride removal. The spectroscopic techniques, used to develop adsorbents/adsorption mechanism, discussed in this review are X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ...
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the development of infrared spectroscopic microanalysis at the single-cell level is presented, focusing specifically on live cell infrared imaging, including developments in water correction and microfluidic device design.
Abstract: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a well-established, non-destructive method of obtaining chemical information from biological samples such as tissues and cells. This review focuses specifically on the development of infrared spectroscopic microanalysis at the single-cell level. Technological developments, including that of the infrared microscope, synchrotron radiation FTIR, and focal plane array detectors, and their impact on the field are discussed along with the various data processing procedures that are currently used to extract meaningful information. There is then an emphasis on live cell infrared (IR) imaging, including developments in water correction and microfluidic device design. The review concludes with look to future directions, highlighting the potential impact of quantum cascade lasers.
TL;DR: Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is an elemental analysis technique that has been employed for virtually all types of samples as mentioned in this paper, including hollow cathode lamps, line excit...
Abstract: Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is an elemental analysis technique that has been employed for virtually all types of samples. Traditionally, hollow cathode lamps, line excit...
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the traditional spectroscopic techniques used for the study of microorganisms and their applications in the field of medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation, and industries.
Abstract: Microbes are the most fascinating group, with huge diversity devising myriad functional applications in the field of medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation, and industries. Quantitative and qualitative determination of biomolecules and microbial assisted phenomena by spectroscopy is a pioneer approach. It facilitates the study of atomic and molecular geometries, energy levels, chemical bonds, and interactions between molecules and microbes. It produces fingerprints of the microbial species serving to characterize, differentiate, and identify microorganisms, in both the environment and at single-cell level. Spectroscopy-based bioremediation techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, force spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy have been very well represented and linked with the microbial applications. This review summarizes the traditional spectroscopic techniques used for the study of mic...
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes recent studies of analyzing lead, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium quantitatively by LIBS; weighs the strengths and weaknesses of their calibration methods; and recommends the combination of matrix-matched standards based on spiked sample materials and internal standard as well as chemometrics in complicated situations for calibration in LIBS.
Abstract: Bearing the merits of rapid, minimally destructive, and simultaneous multi-element analyses, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) shows its unique advantages in quantitative analyses of lead, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium in plant materials. However, the greatest challenge LIBS must confront is calibration. Various methods for calibration are proposed and put into effect; nevertheless, limits of detection acquired by LIBS are not acceptable when they are compared with the maximum residue limits drawn up by governments, and LIBS's performances in quantitative analyses are to be improved. This review summarizes recent studies of analyzing lead, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium in plant materials quantitatively by LIBS; weighs the strengths and weaknesses of their calibration methods; and recommends the combination of matrix-matched standards based on spiked sample materials and internal standard as well as chemometrics in complicated situations for calibration in LIBS. Selecting the emissi...
TL;DR: This review details efforts aimed at quantification and classification of cartilage pathology using NIR spectroscopy and presents some spectral ranges and peaks associated with the different properties and components of articular cartilage.
Abstract: This review describes recent developments and applications of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for characterization of articular cartilage integrity. It summarizes the research findings in this area and presents some spectral ranges and peaks associated with the different properties and components of articular cartilage. We further describe recent adaptations of NIR spectroscopy for clinical evaluation of articular cartilage injury and degeneration. Critical to accurate decision-making during repair surgery is having clear knowledge of lesion severity and spread, and how to grade the quality of surrounding cartilage. Thus, in this review, we detail efforts aimed at quantification and classification of cartilage pathology using NIR spectroscopy. Finally, we present open questions and challenges with a view to guiding future directions in NIR spectroscopy research on articular cartilage.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a surface-based method for pathogens identification in clinical and food sectors, which is more simple, reliable, and specific than traditional surface-e...
Abstract: New methods for pathogens identification are of growing interest in clinical and food sectors. The challenge remains to develop rapid methods that are more simple, reliable, and specific. Surface-e...
TL;DR: This literature review explores the current methods available for measuring vitamin B12 in human blood, serum, and urine, and the need for a globally accepted reference range for vitamin B 12, and presents optical spectroscopy, including chemiluminescence measurements, absorption and fluorescence spectroscope, and surface plasmon resonance, as a promising technique for detection and tracking of vitamins B12.
Abstract: Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. This literature review explores the current methods available for measuring vitamin B12 in human blood, serum...
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of emulsified systems, their obtention, stabilization, properties and use in the development of analytical methods for elemental analysis in matrices with high organic content such as oils, fatty foods and fuel matrices are discussed.
Abstract: Emulsified systems are characterized by an immiscible liquid dispersed in another liquid in the form of droplets. These systems can be classified according to the size of the dispersed droplets obtained in coarse emulsions (0.5–50 µm) or microemulsions (0.01–0.10 µm). These systems have several properties that make them interesting in several fields of technology, and the emulsion formed by oil droplets dispersed in an aqueous phase (O/A) is the most used in analytical determinations due to its low viscosity and organic load. This paper discusses the characteristics of emulsified systems, their obtention, stabilization, properties and use in the development of analytical methods for elemental analysis in matrices with high organic content such as oils, fatty foods and fuel matrices.
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanisms and factors affecting the 13.56 MHz RF-mediated heating of nanoparticles are reviewed, a new factor concerning the thermal isolation of RF antennae is presented, and the ability of a new water-free cooling system to thermally isolate samples from the heat generated by metal RF-induction coils is demonstrated.
Abstract: The use of radio-frequency (RF) energy for the thermal activation of tumor-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising non-invasive hyperthermic treatment because RF waves penetrate deep through tissue. Nonetheless, while the approach has been demonstrated using gold (Au) and iron oxide NPs, the RF-mediated heating mechanism of AuNPs has been controversial. A part of the reason is that measuring and modeling the heating of AuNPs in an RF field is a complex endeavor that depends on the chemical and physical properties of the AuNPs, interfacial phenomena involving AuNP coatings and the sample medium, and the antenna design and characteristics of the RF field. Herein, the mechanisms and factors affecting the 13.56-MHz RF-mediated heating of AuNPs are reviewed, a new factor concerning the thermal isolation of RF antennae is presented, and the ability of a new water-free cooling system to thermally isolate samples from the heat generated by metal RF-induction coils is demonstrated.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that lipids, amide I, III and nucleic acid contents differ significantly in normal, hypoxic and necrotic regions of T-47D human breast cancer spheroid model, which might be useful in identification of new spectral markers associated stress faced by each region progressing toward necrosis.
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy is an advanced chemical analytical technique that has gained significant interest in cancer research, in particular early detection and monitoring of cancer, with added advantage...
TL;DR: An overview of the MALDI-MS technique is presented followed by recent progress in profiling drugs and their metabolites through imaging drug distributions within tissues and recent developments in the quantification of drugs in tissues by MAL DI-MSI are presented.
Abstract: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique which can be used in mass spectrometry to produce ions from biomolecules without inducing the fragmentation associated with traditional methods of ionization. When used with small molecules, the lack of fragmentation allows identification of specific molecules against a background of alternative signals; thus, for example, the presence of drug molecules and metabolites can be distinguished from a range of alternative biomolecules present within a tissue sample. Using highly collimated lasers in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) allows imaging of a tissue sample whereby the laser is rastered across the sample and individual mass spectra are collected in a serial manner. Thus, the distribution of the molecules within the tissue sample can be presented in the form of a 2D image. While the detection of specific drug molecules and metabolites within biological samples has its uses, ...
TL;DR: This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-the-art of the available analytical techniques for characterizing metalloproteins and metal–protein complexes.
Abstract: Metalloproteins and metal–protein complexes play key roles in all organisms. For example, certain metalloproteins are involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification, or oxidative stress protection; whereas, metals serve as essential cofactors in a large number of metal–protein complexes. Advances in analytical instrumentation as well as informatics have allowed a complete characterization/assessment of both metalloproteins and metal–protein complexes. In some cases, the identification of the protein is a key factor for understanding its physiological function, such as when assessing protein corona in nanoparticles–protein assemblies. On other occasions, the identification of the binding sites in the peptide chain and conformational changes as a consequence of the metal–protein interaction, as well as the lability of this interaction, can explain the role of these metal-based biomolecules in living organisms. This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-the-art of the available...
TL;DR: In the last 14 years, high-resolution particle-induced X-ray emission (HR-PIXE) work used mostly wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) and aimed at fundamental problems and application demonstrations.
Abstract: Until 2008, high-resolution particle-induced X-ray emission (HR-PIXE) work used mostly wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) and aimed at fundamental problems and application demonstrations. The method was hardly used for applications in general, mostly due to the small energy window and solid angle of most equipment. In the last 14 years, a few facts pushed HR-PIXE out and beyond this framework. Here, we focus on the developments following the observation of X-rays relative yields ion energy dependence (RYIED) effects on transitions to the same sub-shell, in PIXE experiments, in 2004, and the installation, in 2008, of the first energy dispersive HR-PIXE (EDS HR-PIXE) system. Both facts are among those that were concurrent to the emergence of new problems and perspectives in PIXE and in fundamental atomic physics in the recent past. This review covers these 14 years of results on these issues and the answers they recently led to. Evidence for new problems and perspectives, including the potent...
TL;DR: Avena sativa oat is a cereal widely used as human food and livestock feed as mentioned in this paper, however, the low metabolized energy and the rapid rumen degradations of protein and starch have limited the use of A. sati...
Abstract: Avena sativa oat is a cereal widely used as human food and livestock feed. However, the low metabolized energy and the rapid rumen degradations of protein and starch have limited the use of A. sati...
TL;DR: It is demonstrated how spectroscopy techniques can provide valuable information to inform and advance research into the most common neurological condition affecting young adults, multiple sclerosis.
Abstract: Spectroscopy techniques are valuable tools in biomedical research and have been used extensively in the study of disease. However, neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) have received little attention and the available spectroscopy studies are limited, both in overall numbers of patients studied and the disease samples considered. MS is a complex immune-mediated disease, with variable clinical courses and limited therapeutic options. This review aims to summarize current literature in the area, demonstrating how spectroscopy techniques can provide valuable information to inform and advance research into the most common neurological condition affecting young adults.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the use of near-infrared (NIR) sensors to measure water potential in different crops and plants is presented, and some of them are available for the measurement of plant water stress.
Abstract: Water stress in plants is a complex physiological response to the limited availability of water to a plant To address the variability in crop water status in different production systems, precision irrigation has been developed and implemented Reliable measurements or predictions of plant water stress are desirable for numerous agricultural, forestry, conservation, and land rehabilitation applications However, in order to implement precision irrigation, this method requires accurate information about the crop water status, soil moisture content, and weather (eg, wind speed and vapor pressure deficit) Various technologies, including remote- and ground-based sensors, were developed, and some of them are available for the measurement of plant water stress The objective of this article is to review the use of near-infrared (NIR) sensors to measure water potential in different crops and plants
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the use of molecular spectroscopic techniques in ruminant feed research is presented, which reveals spectral analysis of functional groups of biomolecules/feed nutrients.
Abstract: Progress in ruminant feed research is no more feasible only based on wet chemical analysis, which is merely able to provide information on chemical composition of feeds regardless of their digestive features and nutritive value in ruminants. Studying internal structural make-up of functional groups/feed nutrients is often vital for understanding the digestive behaviors and nutritive values of feeds in ruminant because the intrinsic structure of feed nutrients is more related to its overall absorption. In this article, the detail information on the recent developments in molecular spectroscopic techniques to reveal microstructural information of feed nutrients and the use of nutrition models in regards to ruminant feed research was reviewed. The emphasis of this review was on (1) the technological progress in the use of molecular spectroscopic techniques in ruminant feed research; (2) revealing spectral analysis of functional groups of biomolecules/feed nutrients; (3) the use of advanced nutrition ...
TL;DR: Spectral unmixing is an effective method to provide a meaningful spectrum of each component with no priori spectral information and to also reconstruct the compositional distribution images as mentioned in this paper, which can be used for label-free molecular visualization.
Abstract: This article reviews spectral unmixing used as a new method for Raman imaging. Raman spectroscopy explores the vibrational information about specific chemical bonds in molecules, which can be used for label-free molecular visualization. However, chemical bonds are usually shared among different molecules, which results in closed or mixed Raman peaks of many molecules. Therefore, the acquired spectra cannot be directly used to reconstruct the Raman images, as pure component spectra are hidden under the acquired spectra. Spectral unmixing is an effective method to provide a meaningful spectrum of each component with no priori spectral information and to also reconstruct the compositional distribution images. This article summarizes some representative spectral unmixing approaches used for Raman imaging and many related researches. This review strives to introduce the combination of spectral unmixing and Raman imaging as an efficient analytic technique to characterize various constituents and make su...
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview over the non-spectroscopic and spectroscopic techniques applied to air quality assessment in livestock farms is presented, emphasizing different interference reduction approaches for improving the performance of current detection technologies.
Abstract: With the intensive development of large-scale livestock industry, the gas emissions from livestock farms were identified as a major problem. Many greenhouse gases and odorous gases are generated from animal exhalation, ruminant fermentation, livestock waste, and other factors. Considering the environmental impact brought by pollutant gas emissions, it is important to determine how it contributes to total emissions accurately in order to minimize it. This article gives a comprehensive overview over the non-spectroscopic techniques and spectroscopic techniques applied to air quality assessment in livestock. In addition, this review summarizes interferences in the detection process, emphasizing different interference reduction approaches for improving the performance of current detection technologies used in livestock farms.